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原稿種別: 表紙
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
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発行日: 1999/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/03
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原稿種別: 表紙
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
Cover26-
発行日: 1999/07/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
App37-
発行日: 1999/07/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
App38-
発行日: 1999/07/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
App39-
発行日: 1999/07/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
App40-
発行日: 1999/07/30
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
App41-
発行日: 1999/07/30
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井上 和政, 和泉 意登志, 森 博嗣, 谷川 恭雄
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
1-8
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A new L-flow type test was developed for high fluidity concrete to estimate the passability between the steel reinforcing bars. This test apparatus has some steel bars with some intervals at the flow-out area. The experimental study was carried out by this testing method to investigate the influence of the varieties of aggregate and mix proportions on the passability between bars. This experiment shows that the influence of steel bar's interval and volume of coarse aggregate on the passability between bars is more remarkable than that of matrix mortar's rheological properties. Also it shows that the maximum volume of coarse aggregate that enable to obtain good passability between bars, -that is most important to define the mix proportion of high fluidity concrete, can be expressed by using bulk volume of coarse aggregate. It is necessary to change coarse aggregate or reinfocing bar's intervals in case of low solid content of aggregate because the maximum volume of coarse aggregate become less than the values shown in Recommendations for Mix Design and Construction Practice of High Fluidity Concrete by AIJ.
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小野 英哲, 永田 まゆみ, 井戸川 純子
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
9-16
発行日: 1999/07/30
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This paper presents a method to evaluate relatively the slipperiness of bathtub surfaces and a human body (the buttocks and the back) from a viewpoint of safety. In order to make the sensory scales, sensory tests with regard to the slipperiness of the buttocks and the back in a bathtub were carried out. Then the measuring methods for the slip-resistance which had the relationship with the sensory scales were discussed. As a result, it was clarified that the sensory scale on the slipperiness of the buttocks was correlated with the slip-resistance C.S.R・BH, and the sensory scale on the slipperiness of the back was correlated with the slip-resistance C.S.R・BB.
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田村 哲郎, 宮城 哲矢
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
17-24
発行日: 1999/07/30
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The purpose of this paper is to consider physical mechanism of the effects of corner modification on aerodynamic characteristics of a type of square cylinder. We carried out wind tunnel tests for the measurements of the surface pressure acting on a square section cylinder with chamfered corner and rounded corner in uniform and turbulent flow. In addition, three-dimensional numerical simulation are performed for a two-dimensional cylinder in smooth flow. On the basis of the experimental data accompanied with numerical results, we presume the mechanism of aerodynamic force reduction and reach conclusions.
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大網 浩一, 村上 雅也
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
25-32
発行日: 1999/07/30
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The indices of the effects of the dynamic torsional coupling are investigated, using the simplest analytical model: a single story linear system with an uniaxial eccentricity. The main results are as follows: The formulae of the peak response under simplified input ground motions were derived in an explicit form. Based on them, the fundamental properties of the dynamic torsional coupling were investigated and two simple indices were proposed. These indices can indicate rationally the effects of the torsional coupling whether the eccentricity is large or small. For example, they cover the torsional coupling induced by the small eccentricity that is inherent in the dynamic one.
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加藤 研一, 武村 雅之, 八代 和彦
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
33-40
発行日: 1999/07/30
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The excitation strengths of high-frequency strong motions from intermediate depth earthquakes (IDE) are investigated from the peak ground accelerations (PGA) of 13 events occurring at Eastern Japan. 13 shallow earthquakes at the same region are also analyzed for comparison. The observed PGA's from IDE's show systematically larger amplitude than the empirical average obtained from shallow events by a factor of 1.6. These deviations show regional variation: the IDE's at the Hokkaido and the Kanto regions excite larger PGA than those at the Tohoku region. It is concluded that the focal depth is a key parameter to control the amplitude of PGA rather than focal mechanism and/or fault type.
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長谷川 浩一, 翠川 三郎
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
41-47
発行日: 1999/07/30
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As the basis for seismic microzoning on damage of non-wooden buildings, the spatial distribution of the population of non-wooden buildings should be evaluated. In this study, a procedure to estimate the population of non-wooden buildings with different construction age is proposed using the Grid-square Statistics. The vulnerability functions for different construction age are proposed using the damage survey data in Kobe area during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu, Japan earthquake. The proposed vulnerability functions are applied at five strong-motion stations in Kobe where the main shock records are available. The estimated damage rates agree with the observations. To evaluate seismic risk of non-wooden buildings, the damage ratios are estimated from the peak ground velocity computed for a hypothetical earthquake and the proposed vulnerability functions. Then estimated populations of non-wooden buildings and the damage ratios are integrated to obtain the number of damaged buildings. This procedure is applied in Tokyo and Kanagawa prefectures, and the building damage maps in the area are shown.
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古山田 耕司, 宮本 裕司, 酒向 裕司, 古江 守
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
49-56
発行日: 1999/07/30
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Pile foundations near the shoreline were severely damaged during the Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake, January 17, 1995. The damage is obviously caused by soil liquefaction. The objective of this study is to investigate the responses of pile foundations due to the liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. Earthquake response analyses of a structure on pile foundation are conducted using the numerical model taking into account the effect of excess pore water pressure. As a result, it is found that soil responses near the shoreline are greatly affected by the liquefaction-induced lateral spreading, and that the damaged mechanism of piles are very different by the distance from the shoreline.
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末岡 禎佑, 白濱 敏行, 近藤 一夫, 古賀 掲維
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
57-64
発行日: 1999/07/30
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A numerical method of rectangular plates based on the Hellinger-Reissner principle is presented in this paper. Independent functions are displacement components and new stress functions introduced by Prof. Tosaka and Prof. Sueoka to express stress components. Particular solutions and general solutions obtained through direct method are used in analysis of numerical example. Uniformly loaded continuous rectangular slabs supported with beams and columns at constant distance in orthogonal directions are analyzed to examine the propriety of the method. An good agreement between results of proposed method and those of Fourier solution is shown in figures.
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藤井 大地, 菊池 昇
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
65-72
発行日: 1999/07/30
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In this paper, we present a method for preventing numerical instabilities such as checkerboards, mesh-dependence and local minima occurring in topology optimization in which SLP method is used as optimizer. The method presented here is that a function based on the concept of gravity (we named "gravity control function") is added to the objective function with a weight. The distribution of density of the topology is concentrated by maximizing this function, and as a result, checkerboards and intermediate densities are eliminated. Some techniques are introduced in the optimization procedure for preventing the local minima. The homogenization design method is used to obtain the optimum topology. The validity of the present method is demonstrated by numerical examples of the short cantilever beam and the MBB beam.
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田川 浩, 大崎 純
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
73-80
発行日: 1999/07/30
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A procedure based on a simulated annealing method is presented for simultaneous optimization of topology and geometry of a plane truss with uniform cross-sectional area. A continuous topology transition model is introduced for simulating continuous transition between truss structures with different topologies. In order to improve convergence property of annealing, constraints on allowable nodal locations are considered and re-annealing procedures are introduced. In the examples, optimal solutions are found for cantilever-type and bridge-type plane trusses, and the effects of annealing schedule on optimal solutions are discussed.
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岸田 慎司, 堀井 昌博, 桑原 文夫, 林 静雄
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
81-88
発行日: 1999/07/30
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In order to investigate the ultimate shear behavior and prevent the brittle fracture of the PHC piles, we carried out the anti-symmetric bending shear experiments by proposing the idea of filing the concrete into the hollow part of the pile and increasing the amount of spiral reinforcement. As the result, it shows that in case of increasing the amount of spiral reinforcement, the average shear stress increased at the ultimate strength in shear. And, in case of fillng the concrete into the hollow part of the pile, the ultimate strength increased but the brittle fracture happened. In case of using both methods, it makes clear that the deformation behavior becomes better and the same time the ultimate strength increased.
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井上 正文, 後藤 靖
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
89-94
発行日: 1999/07/30
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In this paper, the effect of connecting system at brace end on structural behavior of wooden frame is discussed. From test results, it is indicated that the wall strength factor depends on the connecting method at brace end joints of wooden frame. When the new connecting system developed by authors is adopted, higher seismic capacity than that of the frame with connecting system specified by Japanese Architectural Standard Law can be obtained. The mechanism of seismic capacity is discussed by using structural analysis results and test results.
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田中 礼治, 大芳賀 義喜, 熊谷 元行, 小澤 昌広
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
95-102
発行日: 1999/07/30
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Many RC and SRC structural buildings were damaged at the 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake. This paper is the research study on the cause of damages of gas-pressure welded joints of reinforcements that were used in those damaged RC and SRC structural buildings. The research study in this paper consists of two researches, Research 1 and Research 2. The Research 1 is a field work of a visual research on the joint failures of gas-pressure welded joints in the damaged RC and SRC structural buildings. The Research 2 is a static tension test research of the 365 gas-pressure welded joint test pieces that were picked up from the damaged RC and SRC structural buildings. From Reseach 1 and Research 2, we taked mainly the following conclusions. (1)The joint failures of gas-pressure welded joints were confirmed academically. (2)The joint failures of gas-pressure welded joints were caused by the poor execution of joint works. (3)The ratio of joint failures was 12.6% in the static tension test of the 365 gas-pressure welded test pieces.
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加藤 真人, 勅使川原 正臣, 菅谷 憲一
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
103-110
発行日: 1999/07/30
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Seismic test on 12-story T-shaped coupled shear walls have been conducted under the U.S.-Japan cooperative structural research project on composite and hybrid structures. This paper discusses the mechanisms of the energy dissipation focusing on strength ratio of coupling beams to walls for coupled shear walls system (HWS). The factors affecting on the mechanisms of the energy dissipation are appointed as the ratio of the rotational angle and the yielding rotational angle of the coupling beams and the shear walls, and the ductility factor of the coupling beams. And the rationality strength ratio of coupling beams to walls on the energy dissipation is guessed by the expectant total energy dissipation and the ductility energy dissipation ratio of the coupling beams to walls.
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見村 博明, 田部井 哲郎
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
111-118
発行日: 1999/07/30
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Low cycle fatigue test was carried out on cruciform type specimens which were modeled on beam-to-column welded connection in steel structure. The column flange and the beam flange were used 22mm thick plate of SM490A steel. And the beam flange was welded to the column flange by CO_2 gas shield are welding with K-groove. The specimen types were as weld one, weld termination ground smooth one and base metal one. The fatigue tests were performed completely reversed strain-controlled with strain amplitude 0.2% to 2.7%. The test results showed that (1) crack initiation life and failure life of as weld specimens deteriorated to about 10%, and about 20% of those of base metal specimens, respectively, (2) crack initiation life and failure life of weld ground smooth specimens had tendencies to near the test values of as weld specimens at high-strain-amplitude, and to near the test values of base metal specimens at low-strain-amplitude,respectively,(3)low-cycle fatigue life process was dominated by fatigue crack growth life,(4) fracture patterns changed from fatigue fracture to ductile one on the border of 1.0% to 1.5% cyclic strain amplitude.
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小川 厚治, 加村 久哉, 井上 一朗
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
119-126
発行日: 1999/07/30
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It is important to estimate the required cumulative plastic deformation of members against strong earthquake for seismic design. The conventional model which has been generally used for seismic response analysis is equivalent multi-mass shear vibration system. The collapse mode of steel structure can not be predicted in a strict sense with this system, because the strength and stiffness ratios of the column and the beam are not estimated by the model. On the other hand, multistory planar frame model is not undesirable for practical use, because too much effort, such as design of the frame and analysis to carry out parametric study, is needed. This paper proposes the formulation of modeling of the multistory planar moment resistant frame to fishbone-shaped frame, which can predict the collapse mode, and cumulative plastic deformation of member for the seismic response analysis. And the propriety of the modeling is presented by numerical examples.
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鈴木 敏郎, 木村 祥裕
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
127-132
発行日: 1999/07/30
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In this paper, we propose lateral buckling strength of beams with rotational spring at the edge. The rotational spring rigidity is replaced torsional rigidity of column connected to the beam. It is important to satisfy the assumed boundary condition, so the rotational rigidity for the column is estimated by the energy method of compression member with rotational spring. The rigidity for column is relatively calculated by the torsional rigidity of the column and the bending stiffness of the beam. We clarify the effect of this torsional rigidity of column as the boundary condition by theoretical analysis and elastic eigen analysis.
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秋山 宏, 山田 哲, 松本 由香, 田中 宏志, 三山 剛史, 寺田 岳彦
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
133-140
発行日: 1999/07/30
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Currently, cold formed RHS members are extensively used as columns of the steel moment frames. Cold formed RHS columns are greatly influenced in their material properties by manufacturing processes, and have a possibility of brittle fracture when the local buckling is prevented. In this study, full scale shaking table test was carried out for cold formed RHS columns produced by different manufacturing processes, that is, roll-formed column and press formed column. The sizes of the specimens were about the same as those usually used for the medium height of buildings. From the experiment, the following results were obtained. 1) The ultimate behavior of the roll-formed column was governed by local buckling. 2) The ultimate behavior of the press-formed column was governed by brittle fracture. 3) The differences of both ultimate behaviors are ascribed to the differences of manufacturing processes.
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吉田 競人, 三谷 勲, 安藤 信好, 徳広 育夫
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
141-147
発行日: 1999/07/30
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Steel braces perform effectively against horizontal forces. However, because of inferior energy absorbing capacities due to buckling, steel braces are not often used in tall buildings which might be subjected to dynamic forces corresponding to earthquake excitation in Japan. With this in mind, a new composite steel brace called an unbonded brace has been developed. The unbonded brace which is restrained by a reinforced concrete cover or steel tube which prevents buckling without changing rigidity by providing insulation between steel braces and reinforced concrete covers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stiffness requirement of the reinforced concrete cover if it is not fail until the steel brace attain its yield strength.
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吉田 競人, 安藤 信好, 三谷 勲
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
149-156
発行日: 1999/07/30
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The requirements of unbonded brace cover are mainly classified into two factors which are stiffness and shear strength. Those factors should be satisfied simultaneously for the brace to attain the yield strength. Even if stiffness requirement of unbonded brace cover is satisfied, shear failure sometimes occurs at the end of the unbonded brace cover. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the shear stress occurs in the unbonded brace cover. The shear occurrence mechanism is clarified by the consideration of the steel brace behavior in the cover. The obtained results are verified through a series of experiments.
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成瀬 友宏, 菅原 進一
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
157-161
発行日: 1999/07/30
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Following the part 1, this paper discusses about heat release, combustion efficiency, mole weight and density of burned gas of methanol, methane, propane and Douglas Fir in fire compartment and about the difference among them. Consequently on the assumption of previous and this paper, heat release per gram of oxygen in air consumed and combustion efficiency of methanol and Douglas Fir decrease, as equivalence ratio φ (the fuel-air mass ratio normalized by the stoichiometric fuel-air mass ratio) increases, because of the consumption of heat in their latent heat of non-reacted fuel. The combustion efficiency of methane shows relatively good relation to the previous work.
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齋藤 仁, 山本 康弘, 菅原 進一
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
163-168
発行日: 1999/07/30
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This paper is intended to study the evaluation of combustibility of thermal insulation materials at the beginning of fire using a constant flame of gas burner. It was tried to measure the flaming time, burning time, rate of heat release, carbonized extent, etc., immediately after flammability experiment. We discussed the test results of this experiment.
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岡部 猛
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
169-176
発行日: 1999/07/30
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An experimental study was performed to obtain the data about the buckling strength of the column models using new metallic structural material (SA440B) at high temperature. Two kinds of experiments under the centrally compressive load with rectangular cross-sections of thickness lOmm X width 26mm, (1)tests at constant high temperature, and (2), tests at increasingly higher temperature under a constant axial load. By the tests (1), the buckling loads of column models which were enforced axial edge compression at a constant high temperature were examined. And, by the tests (2), the collapse temperatures of the column models at increasingly higher temperature under a constant load were examined. The results of these tests were compared on a chart of buckling curves, and it is observed that the buckling load of the tests(2) was larger than the tests(1) in the region of small slenderness ratio, and the result was reverse in the region of large slenderness ratio. Furthermore, in order to explain this result, numerical analyses were carried out, and the influence of the strain rate and P-Delta effect on the buckling strength of the column models under the elastic-plastic-creep behavior were confirmed.
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金 徳印, 松井 徹哉
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
177-184
発行日: 1999/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/03
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The fatigue is one of the most important considerations in the design of tesion-leg platform (TLP) tendons. Due to the natural frequencies of the vertical-plane motions of the platform that are substantially higher than the frequency band of the ocean waves and the relatively low damping, the resonant high-frequency oscillations caused by higher-order nonlinear wave excitations may have a significant effect on the fatigue damage. In this paper, the fatigue damage of the TLP tendons is predicted with consideration of the second-order sum-frequency wave load effects. A spectral method of analysis based on the Palmgren-Miner rule and the S-N curves is adopted to evaluate the cumulative damage of the tendons during the service life of the platform. Assuming the stress response spectra to be narrow-banded, the stress amplitudes are considered to obey the Rayleigh probability distribution. Through an example study for the single-column TLP, it is revealed that the second-order sum-frequency wave loads contribute to a dominant part of fatigue damage of the TLP tendons.
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柏木 光博
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
185-192
発行日: 1999/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/03
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The generalized conjugate gradient method (the GCG method) is a powerful method to solve large sparse symmetric positive definite linear systems than the direct methods for the solution of linear equations with banded or skylined matrices and is able to check the singularity of matrices. In this paper, modified equations to find the singularity of coefficient matrices, the ordering effect of the GCG method, improvement of diagonal matrix in the incomplete modified Cholesky decomposition and numerical simulations of plane and space frames in ill-condition are given. The results of numerical simulations show that the GCG method is useful in the solution of large sparse systems of equations by the accuracy and stability of this method.
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瀧口 克己
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
193-
発行日: 1999/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/03
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In the above paper, one figure (Fig. 1) and 11 photographs (Photos. 1-11) are not clear. Would the author answer next two questions? 1-1 Did the author have any intention to use obscure figure and photographs? 1-2 Were the figure and photographs for the referees of the paper similar? In the conclusive remarks, the following contents were described. "To paint pictures on the large wall surface of a building by using the newly developed robot is one manifestation that residents' consciousness on urban landscape is improving." 2-1 What are logical grounds of the above opinion?
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鷹巣 征行
原稿種別: 本文
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
195-196
発行日: 1999/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/03
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Recently, the harmony of buildings and concrete structures, and scenery around them has been a big issue. Designing has become important and more consideration is given to the effect that building appearance, wall painting and picture-painting on surrounding scenery. It was decided to build a cover over these facilities as local citizens found the appearance of concrete plant unsuitable. Besides, I reached an idea of paintings on walls due to the need improve acceptability of huge concrete wall Surface.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
App42-
発行日: 1999/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/03
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原稿種別: 表紙
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
Cover27-
発行日: 1999/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/03
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原稿種別: 表紙
1999 年 64 巻 521 号 p.
Cover28-
発行日: 1999/07/30
公開日: 2017/02/03
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