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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
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発行日: 2003/01/30
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
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李 柱国, 大久保 孝昭, 谷川 恭雄, 森 博嗣
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
1-8
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This paper presents a theoretical study on the shear flowing behavior of high fluidity concrete in fresh state. The yield stress and the flow curve are investigated by the microscopic approach, that is, it is thought that fresh concrete is a kind of particle assembly constituted by cement particles and aggregate particles, and the time-dependence of its deformation and flow is caused by the movements of cement particles. The effects of temperature, normal stress and time point of shear rate measurement on the yield stress and the flow curve of high fluidity concrete are also discussed quantitatively. And the dependence of measured Bingham constants on the level and distribution range of shear rates applied in measurement is clarified.
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松村 宇, 桂 修, 吉野 利幸
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
9-13
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This study was carried out to develop the method that evaluates degree of frost damage of concrete Experiments were carried out on the effect of frost damage to strength properties and carbonation of concrete Number of cracks was observed microscopically The relation between number of cracks and degree of frost damage was investigated Consequently we can evaluate the degree of frost damage from the number of cracks on the section of concrete
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名知 博司, 小野 正
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2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
15-22
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In this study, the deformational performance of tile facing to differential movement was verified by the compression test using concrete specimens coated with tile facing. In the test, the deformations of concrete and tile at initiation of the segregation were measured. The deformation ratio of concrete and tile ("the deformation transmission ratio"), the deformations of concrete at initiation of the segregation of tile ("the failure point"), and the difference in deformation between concrete and tile at the failure point ("the critical deformation difference") were evaluated by the measured results. As a result, the critical deformation difference could be obtained by multiplying the deformation transmission ratio by the failure point. An evaluation method of the deformational performance of tile facing could be suggested using the critical deformation difference.
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篠崎 征夫
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
23-28
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Recently, mud wall-style diatomaceus earth finish materials have been used for exterior finish work for buildings. However, the finish materials are not preferable as the exterior finishes exposed to severe environmental conditions such as cold regions, because they have originally been developed for interior finish work. In this paper, highly durable mud wall-style superlightweight finish materials using superlightweight polymer-modified motars are developed for exterior finish work. Mud wall-style finish materials are experimentally prepared using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer-modified mortars and a superlightweight aggegate, and tested for strength, density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, adhesion, adhesion durability and freeze-thaw durability. From the test results, their excellent durability is confirmed.
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冨板 崇, 樫野 紀元
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
29-35
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Time of Wetness CTOW), an index of moisture deterioration factors suffering building materials, was monitored by a dew detector: EKO MH-045 on south/30 deg tilted plane at outdoor exposure site in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, for a year. Ratio of Dewing is expressed as a multiTegression equation including relative humidity, ambient temperature, and wind speed/direction. Referring to the meteorological data observed around Japan for 1991-2000, yearly total of TOW was plotted on a map to be discussed on the local difference. Another estimated TOW based on previous ISO's criteria is less than those shown in this paper.
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横山 裕, 天野 豊章
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
37-44
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A quantitative value indicating the human sense of the vibration caused by road traffic is established in this paper. First, a sensory test is carried out in two ways. One is on four actual roadside spots. The other is using a test house and two test vehicles. During the sensory test, the vibration exposed to the panel is measured. After the test, the psychological scale relating to the greatness of the vibration is constructed. Finally, on the basis of the relationship between the psychological scale and the vibration, the maximum value of "Vibration Level" in the vertical direction is proposed.
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冨板 崇, 樫野 紀元, 濱崎 仁
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
45-51
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The frost deterioration of various exterior finishing materials was quantified by the cycles of freezing and thawing based on the black panel temperatures set at horizontal, tilted and vertical positions estimated referring meteorological data, ambient temperature, wind direction and velocity and solar radiation, during 1991-1998 observed around Japan. The frequency of the minimum freezing temperature in the each freezing cycle was calculated at major cities locating in Hokkaido, Tohoku and the central Honshu. Considering the insulation by snow covering, frost damage in the northern Kanto and central Honshu may differ from those in cold regions.
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高田 毅士, 越智 紗香, 神田 順
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
53-59
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Controlling earthquakes based on the probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA) are directly linked with a specified hazard level, which are currently considered to be promising concept for future performance-based seismic engineering and design. For further use of this useful concept, in the first place, it is important to study the fundamental characteristics of the controlling earthquakes derived from the previously proposed methods, which have not been intensively comparatively discussed so far. Secondly, it is demonstrated in this paper that there may be several possible methods to select controlling earthquakes, one of which utilizes the structural reliability theory in a rational way.
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池内 淳子, 谷池 義人, 谷口 徹郎
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
61-66
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Wind direction changes all the time in natural winds Many results of field measurements have pointed out that wind pressures on claddings have been influenced by the instantaneous change of wind direction But there are a number of unclanfied points, because it is difficult to reproduce the phenomenon in wind tunnel And so we carried out wind tunnel experiment which could reproduce the change of wind direction by turning of the model This report studies the process of the pressure field due to the change of wind direction and tries to clarify its relation to large negative pressure which deals with an important problem on the wind resistant design As a result of analysis, we confirmed the existence of the large negative pressure on the flat roof when the vortex before a change in wind direction was stretched to leeward by the change of wind direction.
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小野 佳之, 田村 哲郎
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
67-74
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This paper discusses turbulence effects on aeroelastic instability of a square and a rectangular (B/D=2, B:breadth, Drdepth) prisms by large eddy simulation. We show the accuracy of the computed results for a stationary prism in the oncoming smooth and turbulent flows. Next, the simulation applicability to an oscillating prism is examined and the physical mechanism of the turbulence effect on aeroelastic instability is investigated by the visualized flow structures. Consequently, we showed the turbulence effect on characteristics of nonlinear bifurcation of the response of a square prism. Also, it is recognized that the unstable oscillation of a rectangular prism disappeared under high intensity of the oncoming turbulence.
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中田 信治, 福和 伸夫
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
75-82
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Traffic-induced vibration is one of principal problems for residence in urban area. Mid- and low-rise steel-framed buildings sometimes pose problem related to vibrations caused by road traffic as a principal road, a highway or a railroad. Traffic-induced vibration influences on habitability in the building . Especially on the three story buildings, habitability under horizontal vibration on top floor was reported. Factors of the problems are 1) vibration perception of a resident in a building, 2) dynamic property of a building, 3) predominant frequency of ground vibration, 4) frequency characteristic of vibration source. Each factor affects each other. In this paper, each factor is analyzed in order to get a knowledge for design of a low-rise steelrftamed residential building subjected to horizontal vibration.
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岡田 成幸, 黒田 誠宏
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
83-89
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Based on the idea that indoor space safety ought to be improved in addition to earthquake-resistant construction of dwellings to reduce casualties by earthquakes, we have been developed diagnostic methods aimed at indoor risk reduction system. In succession from the previous paper that one of us proposed the indoor-zoning method for seismic injury risk potential caused by furniture overturned during shaking, we developed the refuge route network method of evaluating evacuation risk to outdoors immediately after seismic motions end. Our method can quantitatively analyze injury risk for evacuation route by the introduction of new indices as an refuge distance to out-doors, difficulty of passing through the evacuation routes, and inhabitant's walking speed dependent on age, sex, and morbidity.
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稲田 裕, 石井 清, 杉村 義広, 佐々木 建一
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
91-98
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In order to develop techniques for quick and accurate assessment of damage to piles following major earthquakes, authors have been conducting a series of researches on the development of monitoring techniques to detect damage to concrete piles. In Part I, the sensor using carbon fiber has been proposed, and its applicability has been shown by various kinds of tests on carbon fiber and the sensor. In this paper, the performance of the sensor to evaluate the integrity of concrete piles is investigated. Firstly, the required performance in monitoring the integrity of piles is discussed in relation to the different types of damage to piles. Secondly, the applicability of the carbon fiber sensor to monitoring is discussed based on the results obtained by bending tests of piles. Finally, results of various tests of piles are shown to demon- strate the applicability of the technique in actual practice.
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元結 正次郎, 白 奇烈, 金子 健作
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
99-106
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In analyzing structures composed of many members, the plastic hinge method or multi-spring model is applied to simulate the elastoplastic behavior of each member. The plastic hinge method is convenient to analyze the elastoplastic behavior. The method is sometimes applied to the elastoplastic problem with hardening, but it can not evaluate to expansion of the plastic region. This is because the consideration of plastic region is contradictory to the basic concept of the plastic hinge method. In comparison, the standard FEM enables us to solve those problems but it is very costly method. So in this paper, we suggest a convenient analytical method for the beams consists of two flanges with plastic hardening property. The numerical results prove the validity and the effectiveness of the present method, through the comparisons with results by the standard FEM
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皆川 洋一
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
107-114
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Static elastic-plastic behavior of a type of reinforced concrete cylindrical shell roof was examined by both theoretical and experimental study. Truss model analogy was introduced to the roof, which let us get a cubic static determinant truss model to get some stress resultants. Using the stress resultants, we can define an elastic displacement of the roof center. Then, we evaluate ultimate strengths of the roof basing upon three collapse mechanisms. Comparing evaluated ultimate strengths of 15 specimens to these obtained by experiment, we show an estimated ultimate strengths enable to simulate the elastic-plastic behavior of the roof.
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五十田 博, フイリアトロ アンドレ, フォルツ ブライアン
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
115-121
発行日: 2003/01/30
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The main objective of this study is to develop numerical models for deterministic nonlinear time-history analyses of woodframe buildings under various earthquake ground motion. The target buildings are prototypical buildings built in California, USA. The three-dimensional nonlinear seismic analysis model considered is "the pancake model" that simulates the three-dimensional seismic response of a woodframe construction through a degenerated two-dimensional planar analysis. The required input parameters for wood shear walls and finishing walls, such as stucco walls and gypsum walls, are obtained either from the specialized computer platform CASHEW developed by CUREE-Caltech Woodframe project, or from available experimental data. The analytical model is confirmed from the comparison to the shaking table tests! The realistic analytical models are developed for three different construction variants for four basic index buildings. Furthermore, these models are modified to represent five different retrofit measures for the index buildings. The seismic performance for all construction is computed and compared using proposed models.
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冨嵜 修平, 稲山 正弘, 村上 雅美
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
123-130
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Formulae to predict required tensile strengths of connections at top and bottom of columns in wall with openings are theoretically derived for structural calculation of timber wall system structures with conventional post and beam structural system in this paper. Some assumption are introduced to simplify a set of equations, for example ridged beam and uniform stiffness of connections under tension and compression. These formulae are verified with experiments and numerical analyses. The effect into the required tensile strength of connections due to difference between analytical models based on these assumptions and structures in practice is investigated by using numerical analyses.
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瀧口 克己, 橋本 純
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
131-137
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Some recent research on high temperature behavior of concrete shows that its strength will decrease with further increase of temperature, and other mechanical properties also get worse, due to drying shrinkage, thermal stress and so on. Cast-in place anchor bolts are used in many structural applications. There is possibility that these anchor, bolts will be exposed to high temperature in a short time by some accident, and that the pull-out strength will decrease. This paper describes a study on the pull-out strength of a cast-in-place anchor bolt installed in concrete which is subjected to high temperatures up to 500℃ to obtain basic experimental data and to examine the response of cast-in-place anchor bolts to high temperature exposure. Tests results show that the pull-out strength under high temperature decreases significantly. The pull-out strength during heating and after heating up to 500℃ was 20% and 50% of it in normal temperature, respectively.
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北山 裕人, 白石 一郎
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
139-144
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In this paper, the shape of the failure surface and, the difference between the loading direction and the displacing direction of R/C L-shaped shear walls are discussed based on the upper bound theorem of the limit analysis. And those results by the limit analysis are compared with the experimental results and the finite element analysis. In addition, influence of L-shaped shear walls on the shear force in columns in the building are examined. As a results, not the only loading direction shear force but the also loading right-angled direction shear force affect the column by L-shaped shear walls in the building. These influences should be considered in the structural design.
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田畑 卓, 西原 寛, 桜田 智之
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
145-152
発行日: 2003/01/30
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With the reinforced concrete member which cut-off method was used for, the rebars which acts different bond stress exists together in the same section. The study is not done very much so far about the bond properties of the reinforceing bars under such a stress condition . In order to bond splitting strength of bundled bars with uses cut-off method, bond tests were executed in which the bundled form, the transvers reinforcement ratio and the bond stress ratio of through arranged rebars and cutt-off rebars. From this test, it became clear that bond stress ratio has influence on the bond splitting strength of cut-off rebars. The bond splitting strength of the cut-off rebars was formulated based on previous bond splitting strength equation about bunded rebars.
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向井 智久, 菊本 衛, 衣笠 秀行, 野村 設郎
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
153-159
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The observed damage patterns of R/C structure in 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake include first-story collapse and intermediate-story collapse. It is necessary to estimate the maximum deformation for R/C structure before earthquake occurs. Generally, maximum deformation of R/C structure is computed by dynamic response analysis for Multi-story Frame. On the other hand, there are many, simple methods to estimate the maximum deformation for single degree of freedom (SDOF) system without dynamic response analysis. In order to evaluate rationally and simply the seismic performance of existing buildings, it is thought these methods on SDOF are applicable to the estimation of maximum deformation for Multi-story Frame with Soft story (MF-S). This paper deals with two points for estimation method on maximum deformation of R/C MF-S. One is the method to transform R/C MF-S to equivalent SDOF which has the yielding period of R/C structure and the shear strength coefficient of soft story. The other is the each accuracy of two simple estimation methods using equivalent SDOF, which one is to estimate directly the maximum deformation by dynamic response analysis for equivalent SDOF and the other is to estimate the maximum deformation by solving energy balance based on energy input velocity concept in soft story. The result indicates that the accuracy of both methods are generally good.
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向井 智久, 織裳 慎一郎, 衣笠 秀行, 野村 設郎
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
161-168
発行日: 2003/01/30
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The first story collapse of R/C building with soft first story is one of the characteristic damage by the Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake. A large deformation occurs in the soft first story which almost absorbs input energy, and to control the large deformation is necessary. In this paper, the seismic response control method for R/C building with soft first story is proposed, where it is thought that the presentation of seismic response control criteria for SDOF, which has a general characteristics, is rational and simple. This paper deals with the validity about conversion of the R/C building with soft first story into the equivalent SDOF and the design method to apply equivalent SDOF to decision of requisite damper strength to control a large deformation of first story. As a result, it is shown that maximum deformation of R/C buildings and the equivalent SDOF approximately has a good relation by using equivalent SDOF which has same yielding period and yielding base shear coefficient for R/C building with soft first story. The estimation method of requisite damper strength to control a large deformation of first story is applicable to R/C building with soft first story.
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吉田 幸夫, 水野 英二, 畑中 重光
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
169-176
発行日: 2003/01/30
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Two series of FEM analyses have been carried out. Firstly, the optimum values of internal friction angle and dilatancy angle, used in the Drucker-Prager type of plasticity model with the strain softening effect, have been discussed for a single concrete element subjected to uniformly distributed lateral pressure. As a result, following values have been obtained. Internal friction angle: 53 degrees, dilatancy angle: e.g. 40 degrees for uniform lateral pressure of 1 MPa, and 30 degrees for 2 MPa. Secondly, simulation analyses have been carried out for the compressive behavior of cylindrical concrete specimens confined by steel tubes or reinforcing bars, introducing interface element. As a result, it has been pointed out that the distribution of equivalent confining pressure along the longitudinal direction of a specimen and the progress of the degree of damage in horizontal sections differ by element types applied to the confining steel and interface elements.
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林 林, 山崎 真司, 見波 進
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
177-184
発行日: 2003/01/30
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The maximum strength as well as the energy absorption capacity of beam-columns which is determined by lateral torsional buckling is studied by carrying out,experiments under various loading conditions with consideration to the states in which columns are subjected to loads during earthquakes. The loading conditions in the experiments are as follows: (1) Monotonic horizontal loading under constant axial force, (2) Cyclic horizontal loading under constant axial force, (3) Cyclic horizontal loading under varying axial force, (4) Random, cyclic horizontal loading under random fluctuating axial force. It was ascertained that plastic hysteresis lowers the lateral torsional buckling strength of beam-columns.
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鈴木 敏郎, 五十嵐 規矩夫, 常木 康弘
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
185-192
発行日: 2003/01/30
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This study considers the influence which a plastic hinge position and rotation capacity affect the plastic deformation capacity of a beam. The position and rotation capacity of plastic hinge are changed according to beam end boundary condition. It is shown clearly that the plastic hinge is formed in position separated from the bending stress reduction domain, and the rotation capacity of plastic hinge is influenced by web local buckling strength. Finally, the plastic deformation capacity and maximum load of beam are estimated by the position of plastic hinge and the ratio of shear stress to bending stress.
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古平 章夫, 藤中 英生, 大橋 宏和, 西村 俊彦
原稿種別: 本文
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
193-198
発行日: 2003/01/30
公開日: 2017/02/08
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A fire resistance tests had been performed for composite beams composed of rolled steel profile concreted between flanges. In the present paper the fire resistant test results and numerical analysis results are described. As the result of fire resistant tests, the relationship between the fire resistance time and applied bending moment of the composite beam is clarified. Analytical results are agreed with tests results and consequently, the analytical model can be used to predict the behavior of this composite beam in fire.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
App6-
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
Cover3-
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原稿種別: 表紙
2003 年 68 巻 563 号 p.
Cover4-
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