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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
App61-
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原稿種別: 付録等
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
App63-
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山田 寛次, 石山 智
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
1-6
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ASR expansion in mortar specimens made of sieved glass cullet and mixed-size cullet originating from waste bottle glass was examined employing mortar bar test method (JIS A 1146). The findings are as follows; 1) Clear and green glass cullet have different pessimum sizes, ASR expansion ratios and flexural strength after ASR. 2) The expansion ratio of mixed size cullet is similar to that of single size cullet that has the same porosity. 3) The pessimum size of clear cullet was smaller than that of green one, which derives from larger porosity that mitigates ASR expansion.
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山崎 庸行, 清水 昭之, 森永 繁
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
7-13
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It is said that transient thermal creep of concrete develops only during the first heating process. This means that thermal stress of concrete is reduced by transient thermal creep during heating, but during cooling process, concrete can be subjected to large tensile stress because of no reduction of thermal stress by transient thermal creep. Therefore, some experiments was conducted to evaluate the thermal stress of concrete accurately, using concrete specimens under constant compressive strain subjected to temperatures up to 80℃ with different heating rate. The thermal stress of concrete derived from the experiments was evaluated by the coefficient of thermal expansion including transient thermal creep. Consequently, the evaluated stress was in good agreement with the experimental results.
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青野 義道, 松下 文明, 柴田 純夫, 濱 幸雄
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
15-22
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Effect of drying and wetting cycles on frost resistance of concrete was evaluated by the ASTM C666 A and the GIF. Both methods showed that drying and wetting cycles deteriorated the frost resistance of non-AE high performance concrete. Though the micro cracks were observed, the effect on the frost damage was not proven. Change in microstructure of hardening cement paste by drying and wetting cycles was also studied by means of mercury intrusion porosimetry and NMR. Micro pores around 50-100nm in diameter increased. The NMR spectra identified to Q_0 and Q_1 decreased, while Q_2 increased, showing the condensation of silicate anion structure.
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高 正遠, 柳 東佑, 兼松 学, 野口 貴文
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
23-30
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The concrete's strength and properties of concrete's destruction in high temperature are largely influenced by temperature distribution of inside or moisture content. Furthermore, in case of high strength concrete, the possibility of the cross-sectional deficit called spalling is getting stronger according to the rate of surface moisture content. However, according to the existent researches, spalling dose not arise in the range of 3% or less of moisture content rate, even if intensity is high. And the cause can be considered that the influence of pore pressure which generates in concrete's inside becomes larger in the range of high moisture content rate. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to clarify the process of moisture movement and a change in internal pressure caused by changing in the microstructure under high temperature, by the method of changing the microstructure on the surface of concrete artificially and adjusting surface moisture content rate.
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今本 啓一, 山崎 順二, 下澤 和幸, 永山 勝, 二村 誠二
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
31-38
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Permeability of cover concrete strongly affects the durability performance of reinforced concrete structures. This paper deals with a single-chamber method to evaluate the air-permeability of the cover concrete. The original methods have been developed by Schonlin and Hilsdorf in 1987 and by Berissi et al. also in 1987, respectively. In Japan, over 400 thousand RC buildings are newly constructed per year. Hence, authors intend to develop a simplified air-permeability test method which would be suitable to the diagnosis by contractors (not expert engineers). A correlation between the air permeability indexes (A.P.I.) of the proposed method and the air permeability (K_<cembureau>) of RILEM TC PCD method (Cembureau method) was quite good. In this study, the air-permeable area and variances of the full sized concrete walls from the view point of air-permeability were also experimentally investigated.
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伊藤 真二, 奥田 泰雄, 大橋 征幹, 喜々津 仁密, 谷口 徹郎, 谷池 義人
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
39-44
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In order to clarify characteristics of temporal-spatial flow structures above and wind pressures on the roof of a cubic structure, a wind tunnel experiment was carried out in two types of turbulent boundary layers. The flow was measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system and simultaneous multi-pressure measurements on the surface were also performed. The time-averaged separation bubble on the roof had flat shape with a gradual curvature. When the intensity of turbulence of the approaching flow was large, and strong local negative pressure was generated in the windward edge corner, a flat conical vortex was formed, and the spatial structure of the flow was different from the time-averaged flow.
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山本 学, 内藤 幸雄, 近藤 宏二, 大熊 武司
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
45-52
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This paper describes the characteristics of wind-induced responses of a prestressed concrete tower for a propeller-type wind turbine with three blades (Hub height: 50m, Rated power: 600kW). The responses were investigated using field measurement data. As a result, the along-wind dynamic response displacements at the tower top were more dominant than the across-wind ones, due to the rotor of the wind turbine. Furthermore, the response increased at wind speed at a hub height of 5m/sec. This is because the first natural frequency of the wind turbine tower corresponds to the blade-passing frequency, i.e. the 3P frequency. However, its response was smaller than that of the steel tower.
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伊藤 浩資, 笠井 和彦
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
53-61
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This paper discusses simplified theories on cumulative damage evaluation for elasto-plastic damper under earthquake ground motion. The theories are based on the seismic behavior of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) elasto-plastically damped structure, cumulative plastic deformation of damper can be clearly expressed as a function of stiffness parameter, ductility demand, natural period of structure and duration of earthquake ground motion. The relationship between cumulative plastic deformation and maximum deformation is also clarified. Accuracy of proposed evaluation method is demonstrated via numerous time history simulations using a wide range of multiple-degrees-of-freedom (MDOF) models.
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白瀬 陽一, 竹生 修治, 平松 悠, 福和 伸夫, 宮腰 淳一
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
63-71
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In this paper, an earthquake response analysis model which appropriately evaluates actual seismic performance of low-rise reinforced concrete school buildings based on seismic performance indices is proposed. Damage ratios of buildings during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake are calculated using this model and observed seismic ground motions. As a result, the relationships between an index of seismic ground motion and calculated damage ratio of buildings show good agreement with vulnerability function based on actual damage data of buildings in Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. In addition, it is pointed out that damage ratio of buildings could be overestimated, if load carrying capacity which has not been considered in the seismic design is not properly evaluated.
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デ グズマン フィリップ, 緑川 光正, 麻里 哲広, 石山 祐二
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
73-80
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In current seismic design practice, the design yield strength of a structure is typically obtained through the use of strength reduction factor that reduces elastic strength demand to design levels. The strength reduction factor due to the inelastic behavior of structure is usually formulated in terms of target maximum ductility. This conventional approach fails to consider cumulative damage that occurs under cyclic loading. In this study, damage-based strength reduction factor was evaluated from the strength demands computed considering cumulative damage and different site conditions. The results indicate that the spectral shape of damage-based strength reduction factor has similarity with the conventional ductility-based reduction factor. An equivalent limit ductility ratio as a certain percentage of the monotonic ductility capacity may therefore also be used. This reduction depends on the monotonic ductility capacity and while it is not significantly affected by the natural period of the structure, it should be carefully evaluated in the case of soft soil site and where the natural period of the structure is close to the predominant period of ground motion. Simple expressions for estimating the damage-based strength reduction factor are also proposed.
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飯塚 真巨, 高岡 栄治
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
81-85
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The end faces of laminated rubber bearings are subjected to large rotation in cases where the beams to which the bearings are attached are low in stiffness or are omitted. Because there have been few studies on the effect of end rotations on the mechanical properties of bearings, many points remain unclear. This paper presents a newly derived mechanical model for evaluating large-deformation behaviors and for application to frame analyses. The model is created such that a rubber bearing is divided into several units, each of which is composed of two rotational springs, a shear spring, and a rigid rod. The rotations of the end faces are considered with this model. It is easy to apply the model to generally-used frame analyses, because its analytical methodology is the same as that of frame analyses. To check the basic behaviors of this model, material linearity is assumed when deriving fundamental equations of the model. Numerical studies show that this model corresponds to the Haringx theory, which is the classical linear theory of laminated rubber bearings.
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元結 正次郎, 金子 健作
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
87-94
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This paper proposes the macroscopic model which enables us to evaluate partially-plastic states in a cross section of the Bernoulli-Euler beam. In this paper, the basic equations (the yield function, the plastic flow rule, and the hardening rule) in the form of resultant stresses are exactly derived from the assumed ones in the form of stresses. The Helmholtz free energy for the cross section in the form of resultant stress involves additional potential due to partially-plastic states besides the elastic stored energy and the hardening potential. The thermodynamic forces derived from this additional potential describe the post-yielding behavior from partially-plastic states to fully-plastic states. The constraint conditions (the yield function) and the plastic flow rule are also modified to characterize the evolution of plastic regions without the direct evaluation of microscopic behavior. Then, a numerical scheme to calculate resultant stress under cyclic loading is proposed. Finally, the proposed macroscopic model is applied to the beam element and some numerical examples are shown to examine the validity of the present method.
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李 有震, 吉富 信太, 上谷 宏二
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
95-100
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In our previous paper, we have proposed a method for estimating the optimal solutions of unbraced 2D steel frames based on the result of a comparative study. In this paper we apply the same approach to braced 2D steel frames. In the comparative study, the characteristics of optimal solutions of 2D frames with some fixed patterns of brace locations are studied by changing the number of spans and the span lengths. Based on the results of this study, we propose a parametric model to estimate the optimal solutions of braced 2D frames with a variety of span planning. The validity of proposed method is shown through a numerical example of 5 story buildings.
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松井 徹哉
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
101-108
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An analytical solution is presented to predict the sloshing response of a cylindrical liquid storage tank with a single-deck type floating roof under seismic excitation. The floating roof is considered to be composed of an inner deck which may be idealized as an isotropic elastic plate with uniform stiffness and mass, and an outer pontoon which can be modeled as an elastic curved beam. The contained liquid is assumed to be inviscid, incompressible and irrotational. The dynamic interaction between the floating roof and the liquid is taken into account exactly within the framework of linear potential theory. By expanding the response of the floating roof into free vibration modes in air and employing the Fourier-Bessel expansion technique in cylindrical coordinates, the solution is obtained in an explicit form which will be useful for parametric understanding of the sloshing behavior and preliminary study in the early design stage. Numerical results are also provided to investigate the effect of the type (single-deck or double-deck) and stiffness of the floating roof on the sloshing response.
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文 学章, 福和 伸夫, 小島 宏章, 酒井 理恵子
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2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
109-116
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A simplified and efficient soil structure interaction method is presented for foundation with a large number of piles. Some adjacent piles are replaced by a single equivalent pile to reduce the number of degrees of freedom. Thus, in order to correspond with the equivalent piles, the multi-point load solutions, which are the weight average of the results derived from the thin layered element method, are introduced to compute the compliance of soil. Using the method, not only impedances but also foundation input motions can be estimated. The method can also be expanded to the analysis of piled raft foundation and embedded foundation on pile group. The comparison of the results by the method with those by rigorous method is made and it is verified that the method is of sufficient accuracy and good efficiency.
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鈴木 康嗣, 安達 直人
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
117-124
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Horizontal loading tests and shaking table tests were conducted to describe the pile group efficiency in the liquefied ground. It is shown that (1) In the non-liquefied ground, subgrade reaction and pile top shear force of the front pile increase the most. (2) In the liquefied ground, there is no difference between the piles top shear forces, when the subgrade reaction is almost zero. (3) In the liquefied ground, the difference in the pile top shear forces for different pile positions is not clear, since there are factors that the subgrade reaction of the inside piles increases for cyclic mobility of the ground, and that of the outside piles increases for relative displacement between pile and ground.
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青島 一樹, 島田 博志, 小室 努
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
125-132
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This paper proposes an improved simplified method which connects a pile head and a pile cap. The improved simplified connection method consists of a pile head embedded in the pile cap up to about 100mm depth and a tapered clearance around the pile head. To investigate mechanical characteristics of the proposed connection method, full-scale structural tests under various axial load conditions are conducted. From the test results, it is revealed that the maximum bending moment of the proposed pile head joint does not reach the ultimate bending moment of the pile, and that the relationship between bending moment and rotation angle of the pile head can be explained well by hyperbolic curves under various axial load conditions. Therefore the proposed connection method is very useful to reduce the bending moment of the pile head. It is reasonable to use hyperbolic function for seismic design of the proposed connection method.
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下村 祥一, 大熊 武司
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
133-140
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In this paper, two kinds of statically cyclic loading experiments are carried out in order to obtain the restoring force characteristics of timber framed shear walls for evaluation of wind resistance performance. The cyclic loading programs are made in consideration of features of wind forces. One of loading programs is carried out under displace control state and the other is carried out under load control state. The restoring force characteristics obtained from those experiments are modeled for response analyses. Although the basic idea of modeling is based on the combination of a normal bilinear model and a slip model, the reduction of stiffness and energy absorption ability, or shift of displacement are also taken into consideration.
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八十島 章, 金久保 利之
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
141-148
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To obtain the local bond stress versus slippage relationship with confinement of lateral reinforcement, pull-out test is conducted. The test results show that maximum bond stress has an increment as lateral confinement stress also increases, and the slippage at maximum bond stress is influenced by splitting crack width and shape of main reinforcement. A new relationship between bond stress and slippage in case of confinement of lateral reinforcement is proposed using these results and effect of lateral confinement. A numerical analysis is performed to confirm the model with experimental results. The analytical results show a good agreement in bond splitting strength with experimental results of previous studies.
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藤井 賢志, 中埜 良昭
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
149-156
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A nonlinear static procedure for multi-story unsymmetric frame buildings subjected to bi-directional excitation is presented and its applicability is discussed. In this procedure, their responses are predicted through a pushover analysis of MDOF model considering the effect of bi-directional excitations and an estimation of the nonlinear response of equivalent SDOF model. The predicted results are compared with the nonlinear dynamic analysis results, and satisfactory predictions can be obtained by the proposed procedure.
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玉井 宏章, 高松 隆夫, 檜谷本 浩二, 尾木 靖夫, 原田 秀秋, 森下 邦宏
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
157-165
発行日: 2006/09/30
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We proposed the new rehabilitation technique of RC frame using hysteretic damper installed in beam lower space. A short steel lever is attached in the middle of beam. Two hysteretic dampers are installed between a steel lever and RC column. Hysteretic damper consists of notched steel strip and channel stiffener to prevent the buckling. It is so called buckling constrained brace. Two methods of connection between hysteretic damper and RC column are proposed. One is tension-bolt-type connection and the other is compression-plate-type connection with wedge device. To show the availability of the present rehabilitation technique, cyclic loading tests on scaled RC frame with hysteretic damper were performed. Results and conclusions obtained from loading tests are summarized as follows. 1) Damper yields within small story drift, so that the system absorbs the seismic energy effectively. 2) There is no significant difference in total absorbed energy between tension-bolt-type connection and compression-plate-type one.
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笠原 基弘, 中込 忠男
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
167-174
発行日: 2006/09/30
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As ceramic tabs have been increasingly used in welding constructions in recent years, they result in closed distribution of defects. As that result, the conventional ultrasonic angle beam testing has been anxious about the reliability of detection of weld defects. We had already submitted the applicable ultrasonic testing technique based on the artificial defects. This paper describes the reliability of evaluation on the natural defects using the conventional maximum echo height sizing technique and tip echo technique. In addition to the advanced tip echo technique, the reliability of evaluation of defect sizing has been remarkable progress.
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竹内 徹, 津曲 敬, 渡辺 秀司, 小河 利行, 熊谷 知彦
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
175-182
発行日: 2006/09/30
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Truss frames generally have fragile characteristics led by member buckling, however, designing truss structures elastically against large earthquake is not economic and remaining risks for fragile collapse for the seismic level exceeding the design criteria. In this paper, damage controlled design for truss frame structures for high-rise automatic rack warehouses using energy dissipation devices at column bases are discussed. Real size mock-up tests using practical devices are carried out, and their performances for reducing seismic response are discussed comparing to the conventional truss frames.
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王 敏, 高田 毅士
原稿種別: 本文
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
183-191
発行日: 2006/09/30
公開日: 2017/02/17
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Improving the prediction of strong ground motion intensity is one of the interesting research subjects in the earthquake engineering. Site-specific attenuation relation based on the Bayesian approach is developed in this paper. The site factors of observatories in K-NET and KiK-NET are inferred as well as the uncertainty associated with the site with the observations. The parameters are inferred as random variables so that the all uncertainties can be expressed in terms of PDF, which is conceptually different from the classical regression analysis adopted to develop the empirical attenuation relations. The uncertainty is different with different sites in Bayesian framework and the result shows the uncertainty can be reduced, while it is identical with disregard with site in the empirical attenuation relation. The sequential use of Bayesian theorem makes it feasible to update the inference with new observations again.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
App64-
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原稿種別: 表紙
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
Cover35-
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原稿種別: 表紙
2006 年 71 巻 607 号 p.
Cover36-
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