Objectives: This study aimed to clarify factors related to Japanese nurses' tolerance toward Indonesian nurse trainees. Methods: We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from May 21, 2015 to June 13, 2015 targeting Japanese nurses in a hospital accepting Indonesian nurse trainees. Results: We received responses from 97 of the 109 participants (collection rate: 89%, valid response rate: 100%). “Length of education,” “overseas travel experience,” “number of countries traveled,” “length of stay,” and “foreign language learning experience” were significantly related to tolerance and this supported results from previous research targeting residents. Foreign language learning experience had a significantly greater influence on increasing tolerance compared to agreement with policies on introducing foreign nurses. These are important findings when considering future nurse education and smooth cooperation with foreign nurses. Conclusion: Factors related to tolerance were length of education and experience with different cultures.

The arts are becoming an increasingly important feature of care and their value in promoting increased levels of wellbeing is continually being experienced but not yet well understood. Similarly, the arts, and especially music appear to be able to bring increased levels of wellbeing to clients, family members and nursing staff, when used as an integral part of hospice, or end of life care. This article adopts an expanded definition of the word 'asylum' in order to assess the extent to which a series of musical concerts can contribute to the well being of all those involved in end of life care contexts. The research involved carrying out observations and interviews with clients, care workers and family members who experienced a musical event. Interviews were carried out with individual participants before and after a one hour concert taking place within an open social space either within a hospice or a care facility. All concerts were given by one or two musicians with significant levels of experience of performing in such concerts. Observations of responses were also carried out during each of the concerts and notes were recorded accordingly. Ethical permission for the work was provided by the lead university. Results suggest that the concert experience provided significant levels of emotional support, was an ideal medium for promoting new and positive memories, and provided brief periods of respite for all those involved.

This paper based on qualitative cross-national research at national, municipal and local level in England, the Netherlands and Taiwan explores whether relevant actors were sharing the same goals, whether they communicated well with each other and whether they were working together with the service users. Through horizontal and vertical partnership analysis, the study found the care actors from top to bottom were not always sharing the same goals and priorities about how long-term care should be delivered. The split between health and social care in the care system has constituted a great challenge in working in partnership in English and Taiwanese practice. Whereas having a strong culture and ideology of solidarity and consultation embedded in the care system has helped the Dutch care actors to have a more equal working partnership. Most importantly, the involvement of all the care actors in policy and practice planning and decision-making is crucial if a better joint-working structure to fulfil the policy intention of providing a seamless long-term care service in practice is to be achieved.

In Korea, social service has been introduced by the Korean government in the early 2000 as the last component of the nation's Social Security system. Despite the government's arduous efforts, the development of social service sector has been sluggish, and today the social service market lacks vitality. The primary cause of this problem is the government's control over social service prices; yet, the alteration of the price control policy cannot be a feasible solution to the problem. A 3-year-R&D project aiming at formulating a solution to the problem was proposed by the authors and approved by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. For the last two years, the authors have developed an online portal ‘Social Service Market' and implemented various demonstration programs. By using the online portal, the authors have attempted to turn latent consumers and providers of social services into active participants of the social service market. So far, the attempt has been found successful; and the objectives and outcomes of the last years of project are discussed detail in this paper. During the remaining one year of the R&D project, the authors are to improve the online portal so that it serves the consumers and providers of social services as a limit free platform.

The purpose of this study was to examine social services for the family, with the specific focus on the service provision system. To do so, we first comparatively analyzed the provision system of family social services with that of general social services. Since service provision structures or types may vary according to the provision environment, the comparative analyses were also conducted based on the regional characteristics, such as big city, small/mid-sized city, and rural areas. The results suggest that family social services differ from general social services in terms of provision subsystems and their relationships. In addition, the regional differences were found in the characteristics of service provision system as a whole. These results may serve as useful basic information for the future development of family social service policies or programs more suitable to the specific regional characteristics.

This study examined factors contributing to the strengths of elderly community residents living alone, and appropriate methods to support them to continue their independent lives while making the most of such strengths. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted involving 825 single-person household elderly and 600 elderly individuals living with other people in A City, and 757 that obtained an effective answer was analyzed. In the study involving elderly community residents living alone, although the proportion of those perceiving a decline in their physical functions and requiring assistance based on the Long-term Care Insurance System was high, the rate of independence in 2 IADL items (‘managing savings/deposits' and ‘preparing meals') was higher than other households. Moreover, a high proportion of the respondents regarded ‘paying attention to health in daily life' and ‘actively speaking to others' as their strengths. It was not a standpoint as weak up to now existence as for single elderly-person households who tended to be caught, and the necessity of the setting of a place that was able to be active of single elderly-person households voluntary standpoint elderly of ‘conversations with friends', ‘Health' , and ‘Meals' in the key word was suggested.

Cardiac rehabilitation(CR) can help improve cognitive function in sedentary older adults. However, there is no systematic review about effects of CR on cognitive function in these older adults. We have performed a systematic review to assess the validity of the current data, including recent randomized controlled trial(RCT) and prospective studies that the effect of CR on cognition in older adults. All studies were searched on the PubMed and Cochrane Library from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2016. Seven hundred sixty-eight studies were identified using the database as described in the Methods section. After removal of duplicates and determined whether it met inclusion criteria, 68 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility. Sixty-one studies were excluded, leaving 7 studies that were eligible for review. A total of 7 studies were included in the analysis. Only two studies were RCT. The majority (n=5) were categorized as prospective studies. a meta-analysis of two studies demonstrated that improved executive function in sedentary older adults after CR sessions when compared to controls. In conclusion, our meta-analysis showed that CR improved executive function in sedentary older adults.

The effective cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the effects of CR on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with CVD. We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, The Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar (from the earliest date available to September 2016) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of CR versus control on quality-of-life (HRQOL) in CVD. Mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Six studies met the selection criteria (total 482: 261 CR and 221 control patients). The results suggested that CR compared with control had a positive impact on HRQOL. Global HRQOL Physical Component Summary (SF-PCS) standardized mean differences (4.77, 95%CI 2.32 to 7.22, p=0.0001) and Mental Component Summary (SF-MCS) score 2.65 (95%CI -3.96 to 9.27, n=294, p=0.43) improved in the CR group compared to the control group. Our results suggest that CR compared with control had a positive impact on HRQOL. CR enhances HRQOL in patients with CVD Larger RCTs are required to further investigate the effects of CR in patients with CVD.

The Special Needs Education Assessment Tool (SNEAT) were verified of reliability and validity. However, the reliability and validity has been verified is only Okinawa and Miyagi Prefecture, the national data has not been analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the reliability and construct validity of SNEAT in Kagoshima Prefecture as part of the national survey. SNEAT using 32 children collected from the classes on Jiritsu-Katusdo (independent activity) for children with disabilities in Kagosima Prefecture between October and November 2015. Survey data were collected in a longitudinal prospective cohort study. The reliability of SNEAT was verified via the internal consistency method; the coefficient of Cronbach's α were over 0.7. The validity of SNEAT was also verified via the latent growth curve model. SNEAT is valid based on its goodness-of-fit values obtained using the latent growth curve model. These results indicate that SNEAT has high reliability and construct validity in Kagoshima Prefecture.