Japan’s long-term care insurance system, which was put in place in 2000, is roughly divided into at-home care services and facility services. Facility services comprise three types: special nursing homes, geriatric health service facilities, and medical care facilities. To obtain useful findings for the promotion of discharge to home, this study analyzed the discharge-related data of a geriatric health services facility promoting home care. On examining the 52-month data (from 2012) of 541 users discharged from the facility, the energy intake was shown to most markedly influence the feasibility of discharge to home, followed by the duration of the time spent out of bed and nocturnal incontinence rate. The importance of mealtime assistance and necessity of prolonging the duration of the time spent out of bed by supporting diurnal arousal and independent urination during the night-time were also suggested as effective approaches to promote discharge to home.

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The present study aimed to clarify information-gathering during the process of designing care plans regarding nutrition improvement in nursing care insurance services. A total of 2,000 nursing care insurance service providers were randomly selected from the nursing care insurance service networks throughout Japan, and an anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey was conducted care managers. This study identified a low rate of including nutrition indices as information-gathering items during the process of designing care plans regarding nutrition improvement. This was suggested to be attributable to the type of service, fundamental qualifications, and education. To design care plans aimed at nutrition improvement for older people requiring care, it is necessary to provide care managers with standardized education on nutrition indices and older people’s independence. In addition, the need for education in basic professional education courses was suggested.

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the implementation contents of independent excretion care of elderly pneumonia patients, including nurses' thoughts, by acute care hospital nurses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 nurses working on a respiratory ward, and the obtained data were qualitatively and inductively analyzed. The acute hospital nurses approached to independent excretion care included: performing such care through multi-professional liaison and learning from senior nurses. On the other hand, they faced dilemmas when performing excretion care that did not meet patients’ requirements due to insufficient manpower and the prioritization of treatment in the clinical setting. To perform independent excretion care for elderly patients with pneumonia, the following nursing support approaches may be necessary: continuously providing education focusing on excretion care, and tool development for independent excretion care.

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Background: Psychopathy is a controversial psychological construct used within forensic settings to understand the psychology of forensic service users. Contemporary research into psychopathy indicates ontological confusion, limitations with assessment practices and the presence of a negative bias towards individuals identified as psychopathic. Aims: A moderate social constructionist epistemology underpins this study. Its purpose was to widen the clinical frame of psychopathy via sociological inquiry through an examination of how ‘the psychopath’ is constructed discursively by a particular group of specialists working directly with individuals with a psychopathy label. Methods: Subjects were eight clinical psychologists currently working throughout the UK in forensic mental health settings (low, medium and high-secure hospitals). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analysed qualitatively, using Discourse Analysis methods. Findings: Analysis demonstrated that persons with psychopathy are constructed as problematised individuals, located within four overarching, recurrent discursive sites: dangerous, challenging, manipulative, and psychologically deficient. Participants utilised ‘at risk’ and ‘trauma’ discourses to explain the aetiology of psychopathy and ‘intuition’ talk was employed as a marker of the presence of psychopathy. The findings of the study and their clinical implications are discussed.

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Due to the broad variety of network resources and the fast pace of day-to-day living, more and more consumers are switching to the network for shopping. In this context, characteristics of network consumption behaviors are studied in this paper. The Howard & Sheth pattern is modified based on the S-O-R model (stimulus-organism-response). Human behavior is usually following the S-O-R model, which was first set up by Reynolds in 1974. This paper adjusts the Howard and Sheth theory based on the S-O-R model and classifies the factors influencing online consumption behaviors into five categories: individual consumers, risk awareness, retailer characteristics, marketing, and consumption intentions. Hypotheses regarding the factors which influence network consumption behaviors are proposed. A questionnaire survey is then performed to collect sample data. The structural equation model is then adopted to test each of the hypotheses.

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The IN-Child means of ″inclusive education needs child″. There is In-Child who shows remarkable difficulty in a behavior face about 3.6% in Japan (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 2012). However, there are a few concrete teaching programs to improve social skills according to the characteristics of ADHD tendency, and the effectiveness of its teaching programs has not yet been verified. The purpose of this study is to decide on the social skill training program for the children with ADHD tendencies in regular classes. We searched the practical reports on children with ADHD tendencies in foreign countries by using the ERIC-Institute of Education Science thesis database. Among them, 23 papers were related to practical reports. Since there were practices listed in the review paper, a total of 12 cases were analyzed. There were many programs that used rewards, such as token economy, thereby indicating that a program promoting voluntary activities with a reward is believed to be effective for children with ADHD tendencies.

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