We compared awareness of functional recovery care among employees of welfare facilities for older persons in Japan and South Korea, with the aim of obtaining basic materials to develop an education program for functional recovery care, which is also useful for other countries. We conducted a questionnaire survey in both countries, sending 2,000 and 254 copies of a questionnaire to 200 Japanese and 5 Korean facilities, respectively, and obtaining 540 (valid response rate: 27.0%) and 220 (86.6%) valid responses from them, respectively. An older age, higher proportion of non-regular employees, and similar or higher level of awareness of the necessity of expertise and support were characteristic of Korean compared with Japanese care workers. The results support the feasibility of providing education for functional recovery care based on basic medicine in South Korea. It may be necessary to develop a practical education program for the dissemination of functional recovery care through active collaboration with Korean researchers.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a draft Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate empathy, sympathy and “perspective taking” in nurses. Creating a Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index is expected to contribute to improving the mental health of nurses. Participants were five nurses who were able to talk about empathy and who were recommended by a facility administrator. Research data were collected in semi-structured interviews. The rigor of the items was verified by comparing the items with two existing theories, a nursing theory by Travelbee and a psychological theory by Rogers. Results: All participants were female and aged between 34 and 64 years (average 47.4 years). As a result of the interviews, 27 items were developed. The dependability of all items was confirmed since they conformed to Travelbee’s and Rogers’ theories, and the credibility was confirmed by discussion between eight nursing researchers, including the authors. Twenty-seven items were developed to evaluate the empathy, sympathy and “perspective taking” required for nurses providing patient care and were considered appropriate for the draft Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Statistical verification of the items is necessary for use of the Clinical Interpersonal Reactivity Index in the future

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The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of communication in interprofessional collaboration for team medical care. Analysis of interview data from 18 doctors, nurses, medical social workers, care managers, and visiting nurses revealed [[Speaking/Conveying]] characteristics such as [Speaking freely, speaking unilaterally] and [Overbearing and superior attitude and manner of speaking], [[Listening/Not Understanding]] characteristics such as [Does not listen to people] and [Not understood due to technical terms and lack of information], and [[Awareness in Interprofessional Collaboration]] characteristics such as [Assumptions and Misinterpretations] and [There is a hierarchy depending on profession], as well as [[Consultation & Information Sharing]] characteristics such as [Discussion, Consultation & Adjustments] and [[Information Sharing]]. There are also [[Negative Feelings in Interprofessional Collaboration]] such as [Feeling intimidated] and [Hurtful manner of speaking/interaction]. Perceptions of [[Interprofessional Collaboration]] include [Collaboration means each professional doing what he/she should do] and [Collaboration means making adjustments and providing support among professionals], perceptions of [[Professional Role]] include [Professional roles and division of roles is not clear] and [Respective professional roles are not understood], perceptions of [[Patients]] includes [Understanding of the patient differs because of different points of view] and [Patient attitudes differ between home and hospital], and perceptions of [[Discharge]] include [Interprofessional Discrepancy in Opinion] and [Objectives for discharge are different].

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To promote care planning that prevents the progression of care dependency among care service users by improving their nutritional conditions, we examined the status of ICT use for such planning and contents of care plans, involving 714 care managers throughout Japan. Based on the results, we propose an ICT program to prevent the progression of care dependency among care service users by improving their nutritional conditions through interprofessional collaboration, adopting the following approaches: 1) standardizing assessment to create care plans that facilitate nutrition improvement, and organically reflecting challenges of such improvement on care plans, actively and effectively using ICT; 2) encouraging communities to share their care planning systems to promote the sharing of care plans for nutritional improvement with service providers; and 3) promoting interprofessional collaboration by sharing the systems.

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The research objective is to clarify the awareness of nursing care workers how they perceive “Individuality” of users and what they actually do to respect “individuality” when providing cares. We had semi-structured interview among 20 nursing care workers who worked at care welfare facilities over three years. We prepared verbatim and qualitatively analyzed data using inductive approach. As a result, we had 52 codes, 13 sub-categories and 6 categories, and found that nursing care workers provide essential care “now” and “here” for individual users. The word, “individuality” includes the consistency sought when providing cares and the uniqueness of individual nursing care workers with a certain balance, and this shows unique relationship of users and nursing care workers.

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The number of females who complain of dysmenorrhea has increased compared to 30 years ago; however, they are not good at performing self-care. Hence, we attempted to create a self-care scale for dysmenorrhea, and examine related factors. We investigated the factors which affect self-care for dysmenorrhea using qualitative surveys, and created 10 constituent concepts based on a revised Pender's health promotion model. Then, we conducted preliminary and main surveys, and a survey for the related factors. We obtained 23 items in 6 elements for a self-care scale for young females with dysmenorrhea, and confirmed the validity and reliability in the main survey and the survey on its related factors. In the survey for related factors, people with more serious dysmenorrhea were less willing to try to improve their symptoms and self-care. It became clear that their short weight loss plan was related to self-care. People who often eat many snacks or sweets had they felt it would be more difficult to improve their dysmenorrhea. We obtained 23 items in 6 elements for a self-care scale for young females with dysmenorrhea, and its reliability and validity were confirmed. As relevant factors, it was implied that the degree of their dysmenorrhea, their eating habits, sleeping habits were all co-related.

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The present study investigated the mediating effect of switching barriers in the relationship between social service quality and switching intention for social service users. The purpose of this study is to provide baseline data on lowering switching intention by increasing social service quality, in order to promote policies and stable organizational management of service provider agencies. To this end, social service users in Busan were surveyed; 719 survey responses were used in the final analysis. The main results are as follows. First, social service users showed lower switching intention with higher perceived service quality. Second, higher switching barriers resulted in lower switching intention. Third, switching barriers in social services were found to mediate the effect of service quality on switching intention. Based on these results, implications regarding the reduction of switching intention that contributes to the success of social services are provided.

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In Japan, the number of students with developmental disorders has been increasing every year since 2007, so developmental disorders are now prevalent in Japanese classrooms. In this paper, the definitions of "developmental disorders" are summarized for each of seven countries. Results showed that among the seven, only Japan and South Korea have established definitions for developmental disorders. Educational inclusivity for children with disabilities is currently increasing around the world. The United Kingdom, one of the most advanced countries in terms of educational inclusion, provides education "to enable people to take into account not only disability but also all other factors." As a way to make this possible in Japan, new initiatives are being developed. One such initiative is the concept of "IN-Child" and "IN-Child Record" proposed by Han, Ota, and Kwon (2016). Research that enables educational evaluation and continuous support tailored to individual needs. This research will enable Japan to achieve inclusion without lagging behind the world. We hope that this will halt the "developmental disorders bubble" in Japan.

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This study aimed to identify educational challenges in career education for children with chronic diseases and to consider constructive constructs for building future education curriculum management models. The 12 literature were extracted and analyzed. The literature corresponds to the "career" area of the Scale C³ and examines the constructs needed for education curriculum management models for children with chronic diseases from the perspective of career education. Construct of education curriculum management models for chronically disease children suggested the following; "Describe the disease", "Ask about the disease", "Answer questions about the disease", "Express one's opinion", "Understand the disease", "Understand the treatment and medications prescribed", "Understand and respond to signs of disease deterioration", "Understand the range of motion", "Understand how to relieve stress", "Practice science to avoid delays in studying", "Accurately gather information about the disease", "Explain and select medical insurance", "Collect information for transition to adult health care", "Choose work that takes into consideration the physical condition", "Understand the precautions when choosing an occupation" and "Understand how to interact with others, marriage, and childbirth precautions".

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It is known that people with intellectual and developmental disorders (IDD) have more deficits in syntactic than other linguistic abilities. However, only a few studies on the syntactic development of people with IDD have been conducted in Japan. As a result, basic studies, accumulated data and the development of assessment methods have been deficient in Japan compared to other countries. This review compared international research findings with studies conducted in Japan. The results indicated that various factors affect the acquisition of syntactic knowledge, including the type of disability and the educational environment, which have not been sufficiently investigated. Based on the results, we have discussed the need to conduct future studies in Japan. It is suggested that future studies need to undertake the following tasks. (1) Developing scales for assessing language development to objectively and comprehensively evaluate syntactic development. (2) Investigating factors affecting syntactic development in people with IDD from perspectives other than the mental age (MA) and intelligence quotient (IQ), including the type of disability, life experience, and cognitive development, among others. (3) Investigate syntactic development in IDD people based on their stage of development, i.e., before or after acquiring grammar.

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