This study explores the phenomenon of bullying as a prominent element within the American film "Wonder." Movies serve the dual purpose of providing amusement to audiences while also conveying messages of communication, morality, culture, society, and education. The problem of this study lies in understanding how language is used in the context of school bullying to exert power, control, and harm others. It involves examining the speech acts, discourse patterns, and pragmatic strategies employed by bullies. It tries to fill the gap left unbridged by other studies where many pragmatic aspects are addressed in different data. The data are subjected to analysis based on pragmatic theories, viz., speech act theory and theory of impoliteness. The questions the paper tries to answer are: what are the types and directness of verbal bullying, what are the types of speech acts, what are the illocutionary acts and the directness of speech acts, and what are the impoliteness strategies? This study aims to identify the types and directness of verbal bullying, investigate the types of speech acts in the selected data whether it is used directly or indirectly, identifying the illocutionary acts, and investigating the impoliteness strategies and it is sub-types in Wonder movie. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that direct verbal bullying of verbal abuse is the predominant type, all the types of speech acts are employed by bullies, the impoliteness strategies are used equally. The results indicate that the predominant kind of bullying observed is direct verbal bullying, characterized by instances of verbal abuse and name-calling. The direct expressive speech acts of mocking/taunting are widely used, and that positive impoliteness strategy is the most frequent strategy.

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Introduction: This study aimed to clarify the experiences of visually impaired Japanese in their interactions with others after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants of this study were ten individuals (six women) aged 30 to 70 years, with severe visual impairment, who required a guide helper to navigate their way in the outdoor environment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The following major themes formed the core of the interview questions: (1) approaching guide helpers in view of infection control measures, (2) lack of understanding by society/worrying about being judged by others, (3) maintaining connections with persons familiar to them and friends, and (4) facing the challenges of exchanges and interactions using information and communications technology. Discussion: Based on the participants’ experiences of interacting with others after the COVID-19 pandemic, the support systems and strategies required for people with visual impairment to continue their social activities in the event of a disaster such as the pandemic could be clarified. Implications for Practitioners: Ensuring the quality of guide helpers as professionals, removing the disparity between the various types of providers, and preventing the social isolation of people with visual impairment by creating a support system that allows them to have multiple people to depend on during normal times are essential.

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University students are at a vulnerable age to develop eating disorders, particularly owing to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, identifying the factors related to eating disorder tendencies among university students is necessary for early intervention. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with eating disorder tendencies among university students after the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. A questionnaire survey, in both offline and online form, was administered to 561 students from four universities. Eating disorder tendencies, depressive symptoms, narcissistic vulnerability, stress management, self-esteem, and the impact of COVID-19 on their life were assessed and analyzed. The characteristics of students with eating disorder tendencies were related to gender, social networking service interaction, club/circle activity status, depressive symptoms, narcissistic vulnerability, stress coping, and self-esteem. In addition, depressive symptoms and characteristics of "distraction" and "planning" also influenced eating disorder tendencies. Our findings clarified that university students with eating disorder tendencies were characterized by depressive symptoms, narcissistic vulnerability, and low stress coping and self-esteem. Owing to their tendency to seek support to alleviate distress and achieve emotional stability, self-help groups and peer support activities are suggested in universities for early intervention and to deter these tendencies from reaching a clinical stage.

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This study aimed at developing scales for Japanese high school students to assess their contingencies of self-worth and contentment of sources of self-worth and to clarify the relationship between contingencies of self-worth, contentment of sources of self-worth, and self-esteem among students. A web-based survey of 192 Japanese high school students was conducted. Two scales with sufficient degree of validity and reliability were developed after determining discriminant and convergent validity and internal consistency through alpha coefficients. A single regression analysis was conducted with self-esteem as the objective variable and with each factor of contentment of sources of self-worth as the explanatory variable. The results showed that athletic competence, academic competence, interpersonal relationships, and enthusiastic activity affect self-esteem.

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Rapid increase in access to information and communication technology among youths have changed their approach towards life. Present study aims to find the relationship between philanthropy and functional motivation among fresh DREAMS volunteers. Study adopted two standardized tool to measure philanthropy and functional motivation. Study selected all the fresh 255 volunteers who just joined DREAMS afterschool intervention programme (AIP), which included 25 boys and 230 girls. Study employed descriptive correlational design and administered the survey questionnaire to participants of the study. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant positive moderate correlation between philanthropy and functional motivation. Philanthropy could explain 11.8% variation in functional motivation of fresh volunteers. Quartile points explains almost 74% of the participants fared high on functional motivation than philanthropy. Thus, present day youths have high functional motivation to volunteer than philanthropy. Future researchers may delve into the root cause for lack of philanthropic mindset among gen Zs.

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In the field of parenting studies, the experiences of non-cis mothers have remained underrepresented and inadequately researched. This lack of documentation not only neglects the multifaceted roles of non-cis mothers but also contributes to the accumulation of disenfranchised grief within this community. To address this significant gap, this article employs a qualitative study using the theoretical framework of matricentric feminism to examine the queer mothering experiences of the trans-adoptive mother in Myself, Mona Ahmed (2001), a semi-autobiographical work by Mona Ahmed and Dayanita Singh. Through this, the study seeks to elucidate the pursuit of agency and the performative nature of motherhood. The patriarchal construction of motherhood disregards the inclusivity of queer people in parenting but, matricentric theorists assert that motherhood is performative, and they advocate for the concept of “mothering” as a transformative and active practice. Indeed, Queer mothering is an evolving field that asserts parenting as a performative entity. It acknowledges the legitimacy of maternal roles for adoptive parents, genderqueer persons, and anyone who cares for the “preservation, growth, and social acceptability” of the children⁴⁰⁾. This study's implications extend beyond academic discourse, shedding light on the unique joys and struggles of queer mothering. It encourages broader societal acceptance of diverse parenting narratives, underscoring the importance of recognizing and validating the experiences of non-cis mothers. This research fosters inclusivity in parenting studies and promotes social change in perceptions of motherhood. In this context, Myself, Mona Ahmed (2001) provides a scope for critical discussion on queer motherhood which is academically less researched and also explores the disenfranchised trauma experienced by trans women within the realm of mothering.

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Background: The objective of the study was to determine the impact of unethical behavior of the officials of different departments on citizens’ trust with reference to good governance in Pakistan. The livelihood, way of life, and general standards of living of the general masses take all benefits from good governance. It is generally acknowledged that effective governance is an essential component in the process of attaining the trust of citizens. Methodology: The current study was quantitative in nature and linear regression analysis with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics was conducted. A three dimensional five point likert scale covering good governance, unethical behaviour and citizens’ trust was adapted. A sample of 784 male and female was collected from the four provinces of Pakistan. Results: Results of the study revealed that unethical behavior has a significant impact on citizens’ trust. Conclusion: It is concluded that governance is directly linked with the performance of government public servants and they are in need of citizens’ trustand Officials with Unprofessional and unethical behaviour are serious threat for good governance. Recommendation: It was recommended that a transparent accountability system should be launched in order to eradicate different forms of unethical behavior among the government officials so that the trust of citizens might be restored.

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To clarify the current status of family caregivers providing excretion care for older people requiring care while using multiple home life support services. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 family caregivers who had provided or were providing excretion care for older people requiring care while using multiple home life support services, and qualitatively analyzed the interview data. The family caregivers’ current status of providing excretion care and thoughts/feelings about such care were summarized into 6 categories: [utilizing equipment that supports excretory function], [aiming for excretory care that protects the dignity of people requiring care], [finding it burdensome to assist with excretory movements], [facing difficulties in adjusting the defecation rhythm], [finding it burdensome to deal with urinary and fecal incontinence], and [finding it burdensome to provide excretion care for older people with dementia]. The status of home life support service use by these family caregivers was represented by 6 categories: [complex services], [relationships with professionals], [rest for family caregivers themselves], [emotional support], [physical and mental limitations], and [various caregiving and living challenges]. The results revealed that, as excretion care is provided several times a day, including the night-time, temporary use of services does not reduce the burden of excretion care on family caregivers in home care, even if the services are combined according to individual circumstances. On the other hand, building good relationships with professionals and receiving emotional support through the use of home life support services was suggested to be an important support for these caregivers to continue caregiving.

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Critical Discourse Analysis is a research approach which examines how language use reflects and maintains societal power dynamics. It seeks to reveal hidden meanings and ideologies in speech by investigating how language establishes social reality, reinforces power hierarchies, and shapes social practices. In the current study, Fairclough's (2001) model is adopted to analyze a speech delivered by the UK’s Prime Minister Boris Johnson, on April 12, 2020, during Easter Sunday to the nation. In this speech, Boris Johnson thanked The National Health Service for saving his life from Covid-19 after leaving the hospital. The problem of the study is of three-folds:(1) understanding the speech's context and backdrop, particularly the COVID-19 epidemic and its effects on the UK (2) Recognizing the possible impact of political objectives and biases on the speech's linguistic construction (3) overcoming the difficulty of locating and examining hidden meanings and presumptions in the speech. It is hypothesized that the speaker uses language reflecting a strong national unity. It is hypothesized that the speaker uses language reflecting a strong national unity. The study concludes that the speech involves using different discoursal and ideological features and structures (such as nationalism, calling for action, increasing solidarity, etc.) that directly reflect the power of the language used to make the speaker influence his audience positively. Also, the analysis confirms the hypothesis raised.

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The Teknaf region in Bangladesh experienced a massive Rohingya refugee influx from Myanmar in 2017, where more than a million refugees fled to Bangladesh. This influx exerted considerable pressure on the local socioeconomic structures, livelihood activities, and environmental resources. This study evaluates the refugees' impact on the agricultural dynamics in Teknaf where farming is the major livelihood means for the local community. Based on primary data from interviews with a representative sample of 98 farming households, the study elucidates shifts in agricultural practice post-influx. It was observed that while the acreage of crop cultivation contracted, enhanced agricultural methods and the introduction of modern crop varieties facilitated a rise in production. Consequently, there was a modest 4% increase in annual household income from agriculture. The cropping pattern shifted from rice dominant to vegetable based. The shift was facilitated by the available of lower waged (450-500 BDT vs 350-400 BDT daily wage) refugee laborers compared to local laborers. The employment of Rohingya laborers at wages below the local standard was prevalent, yet approximately 44% of farmers reported dissatisfaction with the laborers' productivity. The agriculture sector faced notable adversities, including diminished arable land, environmental resource depletion, inflated input costs, and a scarcity of irrigation resources, which collectively compound the challenges faced by the farming community. Addressing the challenges identified, the study advocates for the creation of targeted agricultural support programs to enhance the value addition within host communities. Additionally, fostering small-scale farming projects for the refugees and host community could be instrumental in promoting sustainable livelihoods and engendering economic resilience at the local level.

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This study aimed to develop a scale for assessing the comfort in the daily life of community dwellers with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia (MD), the Comfort Scale for Mild Dementia (COSMID). A questionnaire survey was conducted for community dwellers with MCI or MD. A principal component analysis was performed using the responses to the items of a trial version of COSMID and other items of conceptually relevant established scales to confirm the dimensional allocation and the independence/similarities of these components. Then, we examined the reliability and validity of the entire COSMID item candidates. Of the six components extracted, the COSMID items were allocated to two components, "Comfortable living (PC1)" and "Fulfillment of physiological needs (PC4)." These components were positively correlated with other components reflecting relevant concepts. Both Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω of these components were at an acceptable level (>0.70). Finally, the COSMID comprising 15 items was completed, and its component reliability coefficients were α = .880 and ω = .873. PC1 was a principal component of COSMID. Furthermore, PC4 was composed of five components of COSMID, thereby demonstrating its independence as a component of COSMID. PC1 and PC4 were the principal components with independence and similarities in the measured content on the factor space. The COSMID showed high internal consistency, and it was suggested to be an effective tool for objectively assessing comfort in daily life for people with MD.

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Acute care hospitals in Japan are struggling to manage the elderly with cognitive decline. In this study, we performed text mining analysis of 312 nurses at 78 hospitals with over 200 beds in the top 10 prefectures in Japan with a large population aged 65 and over to assess scenes in which nurses wanted someone to be involved with the elderly with cognitive decline. The collection rate was 75.3%, and the valid response rate was 77.4%. Of the 294 sentences in the text data of the 164 participants, the total number of extracted words was 5,133 (2,183 words used), and the number of different words was 704. Among the top 100 frequently occurring words in the list of extracted words, the top 10 extracted words were "correspondence" (47 times); "time" (40 times); "need" (24 times); "fall" (17 times); "many" and "listen" (16 times); and "nurse call," "watch over," "person," and "talk" (all 15 times). From the data created by KH coder, it clarified that nurses in acute care hospitals recollected scenes, such as scenes in which they needed someone to provide basic care based on the symptoms of dementia, scenes in which they needed someone to be involved with patients with dementia for safe and comfortable recuperation, and scenes in which they wanted someone to execute work in the acute phase.

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Drawing upon Saiki's theoretical framework, this study employs a qualitative, grounded theory approach to assess the feasibility of introducing art workshops in disability facilities across Japan. The primary aim of this study is to meticulously examine the impact of art-based workshops on individuals with disabilities. This approach facilitates a thorough understanding of the extent to which art workshops affect the everyday lives of participants. Findings indicate a pronounced tendency among participants to persist in their engagement with the workshops. This tendency is marked by a significant increase in their motivation and a growing appreciation for art. Furthermore, there is a noticeable rise in interest in professional artistic pursuits among the participants. In its conclusion, the study underscores the necessity of tailoring art workshops to meet the specific needs and expectations of participants in disability welfare facilities. It argues that such customization not only bolsters the efficacy of the workshops but also substantially contributes to the overall satisfaction and personal development of the participants. This research endeavors to identify and elaborate on four critical factors—Preparationof an Environment suitable for workshops, Enhancement of Participation Support, Diversification of projects, and Understanding of Scientific Data—that are essential for the successful execution of art-based workshops in disability facilities, thus enhancing their impact and effectiveness.

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The Senior Employment and Social Activity Support Program (SESAP) has been promoted as a policy to realize old-age income security, social participation in old age, and active aging by creating jobs and providing opportunities for the elderly aged 65 (or 60 or older) to participate in economic and social activities by investing state financing. As SESAP has been expanded over the past two decades, social interest has increased in the appropriateness, feasibility, and sustainability of the government-funded job policies on SESAP. This paper uses cost-benefit analysis to examine the economic effects of SESAP, especially focusing on the Senior Internship Program. As a result of the cost-benefit analysis, we obtain the benefit-cost ratio of 3.39 for the Senior Internship Program (3.45 if the healthcare savings are included). In other words, the Senior Internship Program generates more benefits than the financial costs and is therefore considered to have a policy and economic feasibility. The findings suggest that SESAP is effective in increasing income, improving health, and reducing socio-economic costs (including healthcare costs). Considering Korea’s situation, which is experiencing a rapidly aging population and a lack of a public old-age income security system, the SESAP is significant as a multi-player policy that can respond to the "four hardships" of old age–poverty, no one to rely on, loneliness, and illness. Therefore, SESAP needs to be continually expanded and promoted as a social safety net for the elderly, and it is necessary to verify the effectiveness of SESAP from various perspectives.

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This study aims to clarify the current status and related issues regarding support for users, who are also persons with selective mutism (SM), of Employment/Career Transition Support Offices for People with Disabilities (hereafter, "Job Support Offices") in Japan. Survey request documents were sent by postal mail to 4,096 Job Support Offices throughout Japan, with requests for survey questionnaire responses to be provided online. The response data received from 586 offices were analyzed. As a result, the following items (among others) were clarified: users with SM symptoms are registered at approximately 40% of Job Support Offices; numerous and diverse communications means are used in daily communications with said persons; support toward finding employment is provided for these persons, but almost no support is given to alleviate/eliminate their SM symptoms. Based on these results, future support for said persons is discussed.

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Background: Phenomenology is concerned with lived experience as a medium to understand the underlying reality of the problem that is undergone. It stresses the body as a vehicle of our being. Sexual abuse is one of the major causes for psychological trauma among individuals. Especially childhood trauma results in after effects like anxiety, depression, PTSD etc. Inability of the victims to seek help results in psychological fear. In India, people are very much hesitant to talk about child sexual abuse and most of the time parents are unaware of the incidents This study attempts to explore the lived experiences of sexual abuse during COVID-19, with a special interest in understanding the contemporary problems faced by them. The study also attempted to uncover the thoughts, feelings and actions of the individuals using the lens of existentialism. Method: The Qualitative method (phenomenological study) was used in the present study. A questionnaire was distributed to 400 respondents through online in which the questions related to sexual abuse they had undergone during COVID-19. 8 respondents were selected from 400 randomly based on consent. These 8 participants were interviewed using structured interview schedule to understand the kind of abuse they had undergone and psycho-social issues they had faced. All interviews were audio recorded. Results: Thematic analysis of the data was done. Themes such as curiosity, helplessness, loneliness, trauma and preventive measures emerged. The results indicated that the victims never sought help from anyone. Conclusion: The study implied that logo therapy can be used to help victims. To sum up, this study implied the need to create awareness among school children.

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