This paper analyzes case details and the current situation of coffee production under processor vertical integration in China by examining two case studies of the raw material procurement, processor Y in Baoshan and G in Dehong, both of Yunnan Province, the main coffee production district in China. Coffee production in China started under national control, but which changed after foreign-affiliated firms like Nestle began to participate. Thereafter, domestic coffee processors came to play an important role. In China, most farmers plant coffee under a contract with coffee processors who provide materials such as seedings or machines. Until now, research has shown that this vertical integration of coffee processors not only successfully controlled the raw material source, but also brought positive economic effect to farmers' income. However, farmer autonomy and independence was seen to decrease. The case study suggests that processors not only built self-owned farms, but also made contracts actively with farmers. The extent of integration increases when the large processors develop new contracts with non-experienced farmers, which can be seen as a trend of coffee industry in China for the next few years. In this, these farmers are strongly effected by processors' strategies. It is very likely that the processor would transfer the majority of risk to farmer while a market failure occurs. As a threat to the sustainable development of coffee agriculture and industry of China, this predicts an important issue.

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This paper analyzes collaboration in the procurement of traditional vegetables in Tsuruoka, Yamagata Prefecture. In concrete terms, traditional vegetables were divided into types and the present state of regional collaboration in a process from production to consumption were elucidated. Focusing on the state of collaboration in procurement, the research analyzed the transactions between the entities in detail, focusing on the background as well as the present state and other factors of such efforts. First, the reseach clarified that collaboration on a commercial basis between Japan Agricultural Cooperatives (JA) and the processors (the pickle producers) has progressed and that stable business relationships have formed between JA and the processors. Second, collaboration between JA and the pickle producers has a coordinating function connecting traditional vegetable producers and the pickle producers, and currently plays an extremely important role in the local consumption of locally produced traditional vegetables. Third, as an outcome of the efforts made, not only production but also local consumption are maintained due to smooth collaboration between JA and the pickle producers. However, from now on, in addition to traditional processing, product development that meets modern dietary habits and consumer taste will be required, and collaboration with other entities, for instance local restaurants, will become increasingly important. In spite of this, JA is not functioning in these fields. Therefore, it can be pointed out as a present problem that horizontal expansion of activities is difficult, because these two types of consumption are not sufficiently connected.

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This paper examines milk consumption among college students in China. Although college students are financially supported by their parents, they still posses limited financial resources. However, as college students are recipients of the Chinese government's school milk program, they play an important role in expanding China's future milk consumption. The results of the survey indicate that the person who purchased the milk usually accounts for a large share. While health issues are considered when students decide to make milk purchases, they also consider budget, nutritional benefits of milk, taste, and different types of milk producers. However, the price of milk is the most important consideration given the limited financial resources of students.

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This paper focuses on LT company's Chinese domestic sales strategies. The LT company, which handles frozen processed soy products, is a local subsidiary of the food processing company F-Corporation and was founded in Laiyang city, Shandong province in China in 1995. At first, the LT company exported frozen processed soy products such as tofu, soy milk skin and rice cakes wrapped in fried tofu, only to Japan. However, at present, LT company is rapidly increasing its sales of frozen processed soy products in China, South Korea and Southeast Asia. Its major sales strategies include: selection of high quality soybeans; expanding sales to Japanese restaurants in Asian markets; the development of new products such as vegetables and meats wrapped in fried tofu; and targeting specific markets such as Chinese-style hot-pot restaurants.

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This study analyzes through a questionnaire survey the influence of the farmland liquidation promotion program by an Agricultural Cooperative (JA) on its members' level of awareness and degree of using businesses the JA provides. JA Aichi Toyota is characterized by many farmers renting their farmland to two large scale agricultural corporations that have accumulated farmland supported by JA. The results indicate that, first, JA's business usage rate by members who do not cultivate their field is low. Second, the members who cultivate their paddy field for private consumption or only as an upland field use JA's business less than members who cultivate all fields. Third, the members who consulted with JA about leasing their farmland and requested JA to find a tenant farmer use JA's business are more than the members who found a tenant farmer by themselves or with the assistance of other institutions.

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Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear accident, it has been difficult for Fukushima Prefecture farmers to sell their rice to consumers. Therefore, farmers have expanded shipments to agricultural cooperatives and these cooperatives have expanded shipments to the National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations. However, in order to promote the sale of rice for restaurant use and medium-edible consumption use, the National Federation of Agricultural Cooperative Associations has also reduced the price.

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This paper clarifies the present situation of the Chinese wine market and the behavior of Chinese wine makers. The Chinese wine market in households is trending toward maturation, however, outside of household consumption, the wine market is expanding. Furthermore, wine consumption of upper income group has stabilized. Therefore, Chinese wine makers increasingly construct wineries aside and combined with grape farms, hotels, golf courses, restaurants, etc. while also making wines of high rank. For that purpose, wineries are supported by local governments, which combine farmland plots, guarantees comparatively good incomes, and manages the grape production process from start to finish.

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As cherry cultivation is considered to have succeeded in production development after the lifting of the import ban, the factors of the increase of domestic cherry production were analyzed. Even after the lifting of the import ban, domestic cherry production stood at an advantage over imported cherries in terms of market competition such that imports has decreased. The advantage factors for domestic cherries are relatively little difference in supply cost, direct marketing by which domestic cherries can be sold at high price, and so on. However, it must be noted that Japanese position in the international cherry market has declined because of an increase of imports by East Asia countries other than Japan.

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This study organizes a previous study on the roles of intermediary organizations in terms of endogenous development in rural areas and reveals the significance and roles of intermediary organization in the promotion of migration to rural areas from urban areas. The findings indicate that, first, promotion of migration by intermediary organizations can restore the lost dignity of residents and can offer an opportunity for them to think about the future of the region. Second, migrants are likely to serve in positions such as area managers, and intermediary organization can serve as the site where they can make important contributions. Third, migrants who belong to intermediary organizations can promote new endogenous development in rural areas.

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