The aim of this paper is to make clear the characteristics of 'The new wheat policy' which is a part of policies under 'The Basic Law on Food , Agriculture and Rural Areas' by comparing with wheat policy in recent years, and to examine its influences to wheat production in Japan from now on. In recent years, Japanese Wheat policy has maintained the framework of indirect state control that involves government unlimited buying, but it has lowered the wheat producers' price by introducing market mechanism to the government-bought price. As a result of that, the domestic production has dropped and import has increased. 'The new wheat policy' attributes the causes of reduction of domestic wheat production to 'mismatch between demand and production' which is said to be from indirect state control, and to solve the mismatch, it advocates abolition of government unlimited buying and introduction of private distribution. It makes the market mechanism stronger in making wheat producers' price. The Government says that 'The new wheat policy' will enable to produce wheats which are strongly demanded and therefore the domestic production will increase. But its framework has characteristics which will lower wheat producers' price still more. Under this, the domestic production will drop and import will increase all the more, although the mismatch will be rather solved. To increase the domestic wheat production, the effective measures of boundary adjustment and the effective price support policy are required

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Until the 1980s' , most meat was distributed through the wholesale market and the quasi-wholesale market in Korea. But by the early 1990s' , the government policies towards meat distribution changed dramatically from the wholesale market oriented one to the one placing great emphasis on the diversification of meat distribution system. As a result of these policy changes, a new meat distribution channel, called the "out-of-wholesale- market" distribution has emerged and expended its shares gradually. In this paper, the following subjects are considered ; (1) overview of the nature and meaning of the "out-of-wholesale- market" distribution in Korea through surveying the vegetable direct marketing (sanchoku) and livestock integration in Japan. (2) to describe the current status of the "out-of-wholesale" meat market distribution in Korea. (3) to clarify the issues and problems facing the "out-of-wholesale" meat market distribution in Korea, through a case study on the pork integration conducted by NLCF (national livestock cooperatives federation). (4) to examine the influences of the "out-of-wholesale" meat market distribution on the current structure of meat distribution and several additional important topics regarding the out-of-wholesale- market distribution.

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At the end of its meeting on 24/25 March 1999, the Berlin European Council reached a political agreement on the agricultural aspects of Agenda 2000. The decision includes a reduction in the intervention prices for butter and skimmed milk powder of 15% in three steps over three years starting 2005, combined with milk quota increases. Farmers' incomes are supported through directs payments! EURO 17.24/t of milk, supplemented by payments from the EU funded national envelope. As with milk producers, important changes have occurred over the last 20 years in the structure of dairies, which was accelerated with the introduction of the milk quota system. Most of the biggest dairy co-operatives in Ireland, which have dominated the dairy industries in this country, have quickened the concentration process and the expansion of the overseas business through acquisitions, have made a controversial choice of the 'demutualization' , i.e. the changeover of the co-operative to the public limited company. Dairygold Co-operative Society Limited, the second biggest milk collector in Ireland and has kept on its organisation as a 'pure genuine co-operative', has managed its business all right. But the drastic concentration of milk production on big farms may force the co-operatives to meet their economic expectation, who are firm managers rather than family farmers, and to manage more efficiently. The development course of Irish dairy co-operatives brings up an important question on the co-operative movements in the turn of the century.

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Since its agricultural reform China has achieved great progress in improving the supply of food provisions and paying more attention to food safety. On the other hand, with its transition from a traditional organic-based agriculture to a fossil-fuel dependent agriculture, the contamination of food and the environment has become so serious that sustainable food production systems have become necessary. Under these conditions, the Chinese government has, since 1990, advocated and carried out "Green Food" projects in order to improve food safety and the environment. This paper analyzes the development progress and present conditions, and points out the problems in the development of "Green Food" production in China by using available statistical and survey data.

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