Broadcillin ‘Banyu’, which contains an equal amount of ampicillin and oxacillin was given intravenously to children with acute bacterial infections and the following results were obtained.
1. Patients were 55 children with the following bacterial infections; respiratory tract infections (8 cases), pneumonia (34), sepsis (1), meningitis (1), cutaneous and subcutaneous suppurative inflammation (5), osteomyelitis (1), urinary tract infection (2), enteritis (1), and chemoprophylaxis (2). They ranged in age from newborns to 8 year old, but most of them were infants. In the majority of the batients, broadcillin `Banyu' was administered 50-150mg/day in three to four equally divided doses by one shot-injection or by a continuous drip infusion for a period of 2-10 days. The overall efficacy rate was 88.7% in 53 cases after two cases of chemoprophylaxis were excluded, i.e., excellent in 28, good in 19 and failure in 6: excellent in 4 and good in 4 in 8 cases of respiratory tract infections; excellent in 20, good in 11 and failure in 3 in 34 cases of pneumonia (an efficacy rate 91.2%); failure in sepsis and meningitis: excellent in 2 and good in 3 in 5 cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous suppurative inflammation; excellent in osteomyelitis; excellent in 1 and good in 1 of 2 cases of urinary tract infection; failure in enteritis.
2. Adverse reactions were noted on 10 occasions in 9 cases (16.4%), including 1 case of skin eruption, 1 case of eosinophilia, 5 cases of slight elevation of GOT, 1 case of slight elevation of GPT and 2 cases of slight elevation of BUN.
3. Based on the above results, it was concluded that clinical effect of broadcillin `Banyu' by an intravenous administration is comparable to its intramuscular route and that safety of intravenous usage seems to be verified as long as the above described dosage is followed.

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Twenty-four hours after staphylococcal meningitis was induced in rabbits by inoculating Staphylococcus aureus into the cisterna magna, the following penicillins were given by one-shot intravenously and their passage into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), was evaluated. Occurrence of meningitis was histologically confirmed after the specimens were obtained: The penicillins used for this study were ampicillin, carbenicillin, sulbenicillin, methicillin and cloxacillin, and the results of the current investigation are presented below as well as those with, piperacillin (T-1220), mezlocillin (BAY-f-1353) and PC-904, which were published elsewhere.
1. The CSF concentration (μg/ml) [CSF/serum ratio (%)] 1/2 hour and 1 hour after an intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg of each antibiotic was follows: ampicillin, 3.0 (9.9) and 3.4 (18.3); carbenicillin, 5.4 (7.7) and 4.2 (49.4); sulbenicillin, 9.5 (9.9) and 6.8 (42.2); T-1220, 3.5 (9.7) and 2.0 (17.1); BAY-f-1353, 8.5 (10.0) and 7.3 (35.4); PC-904, 7.5 (2.8) and 6.3 (6.5); methicillin, 4.9 (14.7) and 3.8 (45.8); cloxacillin, 1.9 (2.0) and 0.6 (8.0).
2. Blood and CSF concentrations, after an intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of ampicillin respectively showed a definite dose response.
3. In some cases, blood concentrations were quite variable even after the same dose was given. As the concentration of a given antibiotic in the blood is expected to correlate to that in CSF to some extent, an efficiency of passage into the CSF could not be determined solely, by, the absolute value of the CSF concentration.
4. With either penicillin, a half-life of CSF concentration was longer than that of blood concentration. Consequently, a CSF/serum ratio of a given antibiotic at each Sampling time increased with the lapse of time. However, as both half-lives were different from one drug to another, it was also difficult to determine the superiority of one drug to another in the passage into the CSF based on the comparison of percentage alone but for some exceptions.
5. Based on the combined evaluation of CSF concentration and CSF/serum ratio, cloxacillin and PC-904 were estimated to be inferior to other 6 drugs. Among these 6 drugs, the advantage of one drug over another was hard to be decided. However, sulbenicillin, and BAY-f-1353 appeared to be slightly superior to ampicillin and T-1220.
6. Correlation between protein binding rateAmd passage into the CSF was evaluated. Protein binding rate of cloxacillin and PC-904 which had less passage into the CSF had a remarkably high protein binding rate, i.e., over 90%. However, with other 6 penicillins whose protein binding rate ranged between 20 and 50%, it was difficult to obtain a close correlation between binding rate and passage.
7. The above observations indicate the further necessity in the improvement of experimental conditions in order to decide the advantage of one antibiotic among those which passage rate is comparatively close each other.

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Amoxicillin tablets (50mg (potency) /tablet) were administered to 14 cases of acute tympanitis and one case of acute tonsillitis, and the following results were obtained.
(1) Of 15 cases in total, 3 cases were remarkably improved, 11 improved, and one not improved; that is, the effective rate was 93%
(2) Acute simple.tympanitis:.6 cases, effective rate 100%.
Acute suppurative.tympanitis: 8 cases, effective rate 88%.
Acute tonsillitis: 1 case, improved.
(3) There was one case of diarrhea which appeared to be a side effect of this drug.

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