All issues
Predecessor
Volume 31, Issue 6
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
YASUTO ITAMI, TERUYA OTO, HIROSHI UENO, MASATO NISHIKAWA, HIRONORI KOB ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 295-302
Published: June 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPostoperative infection, particularly its prevention, is a serious problem which requires constant attention by all surgical specialties. This is especially true in orthopedic operations which are primarily performed on extremities for the restoration of function.
The concern for elimination of all possible sources of infection during joint replacement has even led to the employment of the elaborate clean air operation enclosure and techniques, 1, 2, 11). The advent of antibiotics, of course, has resulted in a dramatic decrease in postoperative infectionis. As cited by various investigators, postoperative infections vary between 2% and 6%, while a reduction of below 2% is considered almost unattainable4, 5.8.9).
As we consider the crucial conditions necessary for the prevention of postoperative infection are “a completely sterile field” and “the disinfection of subsequent contamination of the surgical field by airborne bacteria”, we have directed our efforts in these directions in all of our operations since 1966. In this paper we describe the methods which we have applied in 2,842 cases to achieve these advances toward the prevention of postoperative infections and our results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1165K) -
On dibekacin (DKB) and ampicillin (ABPC)HIROSHI TAKABATAKE, TAKAHISA ODA, MASAKI SHIINA, YUHJI SATOH, TORANOSH ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 303-306
Published: June 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
On dibekacin (DKB) and ampicillin (ABPC)HIROSHI TAKABATAKE, TAKAHISA ODA, MASAKI SHIINA, YUHJI SATOH, TORANOSH ...1978 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 307-309
Published: June 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
MASAYOSHI KAWASHIMA, MASAAKI TAKAHASHI1978 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 310-314
Published: June 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
KOJI HIRABAYASHI, ETSUKO OKADA1978 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 315-324
Published: June 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Serum concentrations of cefoxitin (CFX) was lower than that of cefazolin (CEZ), but the tissue concentrations of CFX were higher in ovary, oviduct and uterus compared with CEZ.
2) CFX was administered to 15 patients with moderate intrapelvic or urinary tract infections at a dose of 4 g per day for 5-7 days. The overall results obtained were as follows; excellent in 6 cases, good in 6 cases.
The CFX treatment was effective in all patients, 8 cases, with intrapelvic infections.
3) The majority of organisms detected were E. coli (12 strains), and the antimicrobial activity of CFX against them was superior to those of CEZ and CET.
4) No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed.
5) It is considered that CFX will be a useful drug in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.View full abstractDownload PDF (1273K) -
II. CEPHALORIDINE, CEPHALOTHIN AND CEFAZOLINYOSHIRO MORIKAWA, TSUNEKAZU HARUTA, TORU FUJIWARA, YUTAKA KOBAYASHI1978 Volume 31 Issue 6 Pages 325-333
Published: June 25, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPassage of cephaloridine, cephalothin and cefazolin into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus meningitis in rabbits and the following results were obtained.
1. Concentration in CSF (μg/ml) [CSF/serum ratio (%)] was determined 1/2, 1 and 2 hours after a single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg of each antibiotic, respectively; cephaloridine-7.5 [8.9], 9.7 [13.8], 9.1 [22.6]; cephalothin-0.42 [3.6], 0.23 [6.4], not detectable [0]; cefazolin-7.5 [11.8], 5.2 [19.3], 2.0 [17.5].
2. When results with cefazolin after an intravenous injection 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were compared, a definite dose response was noted in blood concentration but not in CSF concentration.
3. A standard error of CSF concentrations of each antibiotic was larger than that of penicillins, and “Unpredictability” of their passage into CSF was considered to be one of the characteristics common to these three drugs in respect of their passage into CSF.
4. There was no significant difference noted in antibiotic passage into CSF between cephaloridine of low protein binding rate and cefazolin of very high binding rate. Cephalothin, of which binding rate was intermediate, showed a remarkably lower passage into CSF. These results indicate that a correlation does not always exist between protein binding rate of the antibiotics and their passage into CSF.
5. Based on the above results, a review of the literature was made on clinical applicability of these three antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Low transport rate of cephalothin into CSF and nephrotoxicity of cephaloridine make them to be unsuitable for bacterial meningitis. Cefazolin is considered to be suitable in the treatment of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli meningitisa nd Grampositive coccal meningitis in which penicillins are not applicable.View full abstractDownload PDF (1426K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|