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Volume 32, Issue 5
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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MASATOSHI KONNO, KIMIKO UBUKATA, HIROKO TAKAHASHI, MINORU SAWAI, KOTA ...1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 583-597
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Cefotiam was demonstrated to be more potent than cefazolin in its antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of E.coli, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus morganii and proteus inconstans. MICs of cefotiam with 106 cells/ml inoculum size were considerably lower than those with 108 cells/ml.
2. Organisms lysed when exposed to cefotiam at concentrations higher than the MICs with 108 cells/ml. Morphological changes of organisms into filament occurred even at concentrations lower than the MICs with 106 cells/ml. This indicates that cefotiam is incorporated into organisms at remarkably low concentrations and exerts its antibacterial activities.
3. Cefotiam showed a high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) 1A, 1Bs and 3. The formation of filament at low concentrations of cefotiam is possibly attributable to the high affinity of cefotiam for PBP 3 in addition to its high permeability through outer cell membrane.
4. As the antibacterial activities of cefotiam are displayed at lower concentrations, it is reasonable to consider that doses of cefotiam on clinical use can be reduced in comparison with those of conventional cephalosporins.View full abstractDownload PDF (7758K) -
REPORT OF TWO CASES WITH FAVORABLE RESPONSE AND DETERMINATION OF THE CONCENTRATIONS IN CSFYUTAKA KOBAYASHI, YOSHIRO MORIKAWA, TSUNEKAZU HARUTA, TORU FUJIWARA, S ...1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 598-605
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo patients with purulent meningitis, of which causative organism was presumed to be E.coli, were treated with intravenous administration of cefmetazole, 300-400mg/kg/day in 4-6 divided doses, and the following conclusions were obtained.
1) Clinical response was favorable and a complete cure was obtained without sequelae in both patients. There were no adverse reactions noted except for a mild and transient eosinophilia (12%) in one case.2) Of two strains of E. coli recovered from CSF, one was sensitive to ampicillin, cefazolin and cefmetazole, among which ceflnetazole had the highest bacterial activity. Although another strain was sensitive to ceftnetazole, it showed resistance to cefazolin (>12.5μg/ml) and to ampicillin (>100μ9/ml).
3) Concentrations of ceftnetazole in CSF following 1-2 hours of its intravenous administration were either equal to or higher than those of ampiciloin, which was given to the same patient for a short period of time. The concentrations in CSF were higher than 3.1μg/ml on each occasion except fbr in some specimems during the convalescent phase and exceeded well the MIC of the causative organlsm.
4) Based on the above results, cefmetazole is considered to be a potent antibiotic in the treatment of E. coli meningitis. Although further studies are needed as to the dosage, an intravenous administration at 4-hour interval appears to be warranted based on the studies that the half-life of the drug is short in CSF in animal experiments.View full abstractDownload PDF (1280K) -
YOICHI KASAI, MASAMI NAKANISHI, YASUO SAWADA, TAKASHI NAKAMURA, IKUO H ...1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 606-611
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new antibiotic drug of cephalosporin, which has the resistance for β-lactamase, cefmetazole (CS-1170, abridged CMZ) for parenteral was used to patients of 6 acute and subacute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. Cefmetazole was given by drip infusion at a daily dose of 2-4g. Clinical response was excellent in 1 case, good in 5 cases and fair or poor was none. Clinical adverse effect was not recognized.
Cefmetazole in a dose of 1 g was given by intravenous administration during the operation to those same 6 patients. Tissue specimens of different places were taken from removed organs. The materials were taken, as much as possible, both tissue specimens and bile samples at intervals. Determination of cefmetazole concentration was performed according to the bioassay method with Micrococcus luteusATCC 9341 strain.
Cefmetazole concentration in the A-bile increased gradually till 1 hour after intravenous administration, and then decreared slowly. Cefmetazole was observed in white B-bile, through the gall bladder wall at 30-40 minutes after intravenous administration. Cefmetazole concentration in infectious gall bladder wall reached to a peak at 15 minutes after intravenous administration, and then decreased slowly. Cefmetazole concentration in the gall bladder wall with infections was directly proportional to the degree of pathological changes of inflammation.
On the cefmetazole concentration of patients with cholecystitis, the concentration in A-bile, B-bile and gall bladder wall were observed higher than the MIC of cefmetazole for majority Escherichia coli and Klebsiella.
Therefore, cefmetazole is a very useful drug when used for the infections of the biliary tract.View full abstractDownload PDF (1015K) -
TOYOKAZU SAITO1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 612-613
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
II. THE ABSORPTIONO F SULBENICILLINF ROM THE BLADDERNOBUO KAWAMURA1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 614-623
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present series of experimental studies was undertaken to give solutions to the following questions: (1) can antibiotics administered intravesically be abiorbed from the wall of the bladder?,(2) if so, does their intravesical injection prove to be effective in the treatment of cystitis? and (3) if this true, can their intravesical injection provide an advantage over their systemic use since a larger dose can be given at a higher concentration by the former method of administration?
If an antibiotic is transferred in a substantial amount to the blood following its intravesical administration, the end result of such medication may be identical with that of administration by systemic routes since the antibiotic transferred into the circulation will eventually be recovered in the urine after being excreted by the kidney or through the wall of the bladder. It may be said, then, that a large intravenous or intramuscular: dose can be used more advantageously than cumbersome, frequent intravesical doses, although. this may not always be true with all types of antibiotics. If, on the other hand, an intravesically administered antibiotic is not transferred to the blood in substantial quantities or is promptly eliminated from the circulation after being transferred to it and, moreover, proves to be comparable to its systemic administration in terms of therapeutic efficacy against infection, this particular mode of antibiotic therapy may be suited for the treatment of patients with hepatic and/or renal impairment, those in whom injection is impractical as well as piegnant women
These considerations led us to conduct basic and clinical studies of sulbenicillin (SBPC) in order to determine whether this antibiotic can permeate into the blood or can pass through bladder walls following intravesical injection, to what extent it is recovered in urine and whether or not it is clinically effectiveView full abstractDownload PDF (1427K) -
YUTAKA KANAZAWA1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 624-626
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
MASATOSHI TAKIMOTO, HAJIME YOSHIOKA1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 627-630
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntending to improve the accuracy of determination of antibiotics, a two-dimensional diffusion method using large agar plate was introduced. Three antimicrobialagents, ampicillin, PC-904, and tobramycin, were used. Inhibition zones of B. subtilis on the agar plate were measured which were formed as a result of diffusion of these agents. The relationship between the concentration of antimicrobials and the size of inhibition zones was studied. Plotting the data-points on the graph, it was predicted that there might be a relationship of quadratic equation between the diameter of inhibition zone and the logarithm of concentration of the agents.
On the other hand, mathematical considerations were taken to find out a physical principle or an equation which governs the diffusion of antibiotics in the agar. Assuming that antibiotics spreads in the agar after the principle of simple diffusion, an equation was lead which shows how the antibiotics distributes in the agar in relation to time. The equation was written as, C=S/4πDt·exp (-γ24Dt) where, S is amount of antibiotics, D diffusion constant, γ distance from the center of diffusion, tperiod during which the diffusion proceeds.
As a result of the mathematical calculations mentioned, it was confirmed that the relation between the size of zones and the logarithm of concentration of antibiotics is described by aquadratic equation as predicted on the basis of experimental data.View full abstractDownload PDF (3223K) -
KEISUKE OHHARA, HIROYOSHI KUBOTA, HISANAO HASHIBA, TOSHIYUKI KOHCHI, T ...1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 631-637
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical effects of PC-904, a new semisynthetic penicillin, were studied in patients with biliary tract diseases, and the results were as follows:
1) PC-904 showed an average peak serum level of 40.7±11.6μg/ml 2 hours after an intravenous drip infusion of 1g of the agent. The biliary level showed a peak value of 126.5±85.4μg/ml 2 hours to 3 hours after the infusion.
2) Isolated organisms from bile before the treatment were E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus and Bacteroides. MIC of PC-904 on 18 strains of isolated organisms was almost 6.25μg/ml or less. All isolated organisms except one strain of Klebsiella oxytoca disappeared after the treatment.
3) Six patients with cholelithiasis were medicated with PC-904 to prevent post-operative infections. The clinical effects were good in 4, poor in 1 and unknown in 1 case.
4) As to side effects no adverse reactions and allergic reactions were noted. Also no significant abnormalities of laboratory findings were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (958K) -
MIZUSUKE OHTA, AKIRA IKEBE, KIN-ICHI IZUMIKAWA, HIROMARU IWASAKI, KOHE ...1979 Volume 32 Issue 5 Pages 638-641
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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