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Volume 32, Issue 6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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FUMIKAZU KOUI, MINYU RAI, SEIICHI YORIMITSU, NAKAYUKI KITAGAWA, MASAAK ...1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 649-654
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
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MASAHIRO TAKAMOTO, YASUKO HARADA, HOZUMI YAMADA, TSUNEO ISHIBASHI1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 655-660
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
with special reference to hospital infections. II.HIROSHI YAMA, KAORU YAMADA, TAKEHIRO TSUJIMOTO1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 661-667
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
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KOICHI DEGUCHI1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 668-674
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe susceptibility of microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp. and Haemophilus influenzae) frequently occurring in outpatients (treated by practitioners) to six kinds of antibiotics [ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), erythromycin (EM), minocycline (MNC), gentamicin (GM) and thiamphenicol (TP)] was determined by the standard method established by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy.
1) There were few multiple-antibiotiogesistant urine isolates from 1patients with a simple urinary tract infection, whereas urine isolates from patients with a complicated urinary tract infection contained many multiple-antibiotic resistant organisms.
2) Isolates from patients with a respiratory tract infection (sputum and tonsillar secretion isolates) and isolates from patients with acute purulent otitis media (purulent discharge isolates) contained few multiple-antibiotic-resistant organisms except for EM-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes.
3) Superficial pus isolates contained many multiple-antibiotic-resistant organisms, while bile isolates were relatively free from multiple-antibiotic resistant organisms.
4) When the results of the previous8, 9) and present investigations were compared with the. reports of other Japanese investigators1, 5, 6), suggestive evidence was provided that organisms resistant to macrolides and chloramphenicol showed a tendency to decrease, whereas organisms resistant to penicillins, cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics were on the increase.View full abstractDownload PDF (915K) -
RYOCHI FUJII, KEIKO YAMAOKA1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 675-684
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe real state of antibiotic consumption at an university hospital from 1974 to 1976 was studied by checking all of the prescriptions including antibiotic for oral antibiotics and by counting whole number of ampules and vials of antibiotics used in the hospital for parenteral antibiotics.
The incidence of usage and the total amount of respective antibiotics used was calculated and analyzed according to oral or parenteral antibiotics, inward or out patients, as well as to clinical specificity.
At the same time the whole consumption of antibiotics in Japan during the years was studied and a comparison was made on the trend of antibiotic usage with ours.
It was disclosed clearly that prescriptions for oral antibiotics is most frequently done in the pediatric field and the usage of injectable antibiotics probably for prophylactic purpose is quite high in the surgical fields. Parenteral macrolides antibiotics is not the exception to the latter.
It is easily understood that at any university hospital where inward patients hold much more importance than outpatients do, the consumption of parenteral antibiotics are larger than that of outside hospital.
During this period the consumption of beta-lactam antibiotics increased yearly having become the majority of hospital usage. On the contrary chloramphenicol, tetracyclines and macrolides antibiotics have been losing their importance having turned into minor antibiotics.
The increase of gentamicin and dibekacin in the frequency of and total amount of use was definitely observed contrary to the decrease of antipseudomonal penicillins.
All these trends seemed to be considerably reasonable but some peculiar phenomena like a remarkable increase of fixed dosage antibiotics and a preferable use of parenteral macrolides remained to beexplained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1640K) -
TAKAICHI ARITA, KATSUMI MIYAZAKI, TOMOHIKO KOYANAGI, ICHIRO TSUJI, SHU ...1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 685-692
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn vitro enzymatic degradation rate of ampicillin (AB-PC) in urine of patients with complicated urinary tract infection and its protective effect of dicloxacillin (MDI-PC) was studied using a specific fluorometric assay for aminobenzylpenicilloic acid (AB-PA), which is converted from AB-PC by bacterial β-lactamase. The results showed that average degradation rate of AB-PC in the urine of 10 patients were 12.2%, 21.5%, 34.3% and 48.2% at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, respectively. While MDI-PC prevented the enzymatic transformation of AB-PC in such urinary samples and the average degradation rates at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes were considerably reduced to 7.7%, 12.2%, 21.6% and 32.8%, respectively.
In vivo urinary excretion rate of AB-PA was compared between a total of 5 patients and 4 healthy volunteers after oral administration of 250 mg AB-PC. It was found that the patients excreted 9.1%, 10.7% and 12.7% of total dose at 0-2 hours, 2-4 hours, 4-6 hours, respectively, while the average excretion rates in healthy volunteers were 1.54%, 2.88% and 7.94%, respectively.
In 4 patients cross-over administration study, the combined dose of AB-PC and MDI-PC has been proved to clearly decrease the urinary excretion rate of AB-PA in 2 cases, but there was no significant difference in the average rate between the single and the combined dose.View full abstractDownload PDF (1139K) -
1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 693-694
Published: May 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (454K) -
1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 694-
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
1979 Volume 32 Issue 6 Pages 694a-
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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