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Volume 37, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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TSUNEO ISHIBASHI, MASAHIRO TAKAMOTO, ATSUSHI SHINODA, KOTARO SUGIYAMA1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 185-197
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForphenicinol, a small-molecular immunomodulator, was orally administered to 10 long-term hospitalized patients with decreased pulmonary function, mainly, due to obsolete tuberculosis. The patients were grouped equally into 2, the first group received 50mg of forphenicinol/day for 4 weeks and the second group received forphenicinol for a total period of 1 year, according to the following dose-schedule; 100mg/day for the first2 months, 400mg/day for the next 6 months and 200mg/day for the last 4 months. Investigations were made on the serum levels and safety of forphenicinol in all of these patients. The results of the investigations were as follows.
1. Peak levels of forphenicinol were attained, in most cases, 2 hours after the administration and the average peak levels on the 14th day were 1.37μg/ml for the dose of 50 mg/day, 5.02μg/ml for 100mg/day, 7.49μg/ml for 200mg/day and 15.02μg/ml for 400mg/day.
2. There was no difference between the serum peak levels on the 1st and 14th days, in the patients who received forphenicinol at the dose of 50 or 100mg/day. This finding led us to conclude that forphenicinol may not be accumulated in the body when it is administered repeatedly.
3. Neither any side effects nor any abnormal values in the laboratory analysis of samples were observed for forphenicinol.
4. The following improvement were observed, in the patients who received forphenicinol on a long-term basis (1 year); diminution of thick-walled cavity in 1 patient with atypical mycobacteriosis and in another patient with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, negative sputum culture for bacteria was observed during this whole period of forphenicinol treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (3353K) -
MASAHARU MURANAKA, SHUJI SUZUKI, HISANORI KAWAJI, MUTSUSHI ARAKAWA1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 198-208
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPatients having previously not received cefotiam (CTM), a recently introduced cephem antibiotic, were subjected to skin tests with a 300μg/ml solution of CTM in physiological saline before and after CTM therapy to detect sensitization with the drug. Anti-CTM antibody titration was carried out on sera from patients who showed a positive skin test and those who developed signs of hypersensitivity during CTM therapy. The results were as follows:
1. Of 1,927 patients examined by skin test with CTM prior to initiation of CTM therapy, 31 patients (1.61%) showed positive reactions with formation of a wheal and erythema. There were 7 patients (0.36%) who proved negative in the skin test but developed mild symptoms of hypersensitivity in association with the skin test.
2. The 847 patients negative on the CTM skin test were retested after a completion of CTM therapy, of whom 6 (0.71%) were found to have become positive showing formation of a wheal and erythema and 3 others (0.35%) showing a negative skin test developed mild adverse reactions associated with the skin test.
3. Sixty-eight serum samples collected from the patients positive on the CTM skin test and those who developed manifestations of hypersensitivity following CTM therapy were examined for anti-CTM antibody by the PRAUSNITZ-KÜTNER reaction, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test and hemagglutination test. All proved negative in these tests.
4. Of various background factors assessed, none was found to have causal relation to the skin reaction in any of the patients showing positive skin reactions to CTM.View full abstractDownload PDF (1304K) -
HIDEYUKI KANOH, KENJI SAKAKIBARA, NOBUO NUKUTA, MASASHI MIZOKAMI, NOBU ...1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 209-218
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperimental and clinical studies on cefotiam (CTM), a new synthetic cephalosporin, were performed in digestive diseases.
1. Among the 7 cases of ‘cholelithiasis and cholangitis’, 6 cases (86%) showed better response than “effective”. Among the 9 cases of infections except ‘cholelithiasis and cholangitis’ which had no connection with cancers, 6 cases (67%) showed better response than “effective”.
2. Among the 15 cases of ‘infections following advanced cancers’, 7 cases (47%) showed better response than “effective”. This inferior result was due to the relation to factors coming from cancers.
3. CTM was effective in not only infections of the aged but that which resisted antibiotics of penicillins and the other cephems.
4. Sensitivity of E. coli, Klebsiellaand S. aureus was made a comparative study of by MIC and disc test. It was founds as a result that CTM had the equal or superior antimicrobial activity to other antibiotics of cephems, penicillins and aminoglycosides.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
OKITSUGU NISHIMURA, KIKUHIRO KOHNO, MANABU SUMIKAWA, YOSHIHIRO KAWAMUR ...1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 219-228
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing 1 hour intraveous drip infusion of 1.0 g of cefotiam (CTM), 38 patients with cholelithiasis were operated at scheduled intervals. The CTM concentrations in serum, common duct bile, gallbladder bile and gallbladder tissue were measured.1. The mean level of CTM concentration in serum showed a peak of 53.1 μg/ml at 1 hour, and decreased in the level of 1.0 μg/ml at 5 hours after administration.2. CTM concentrations in common duct bile revealed a mean level of 162 μg/ml at 1 hour and similarly high concentrations from 1 to 5 times of the peak level in serum were maintained for 3.5 hours. In patients with impaired liver function, the levels of CTM concentration were lower than those without them.3. CTM concentrations in gallbladder bile showed a high value at 2-3.5 hours after administration.In many cases the levels were relatively lower than those in common duct bile, particularly in patients with cystic duct obstruction and/or with marked chronic cholecystitis.4. As for gallbladder tissue levels, CTM concentrations showed low levels less than 50 μg/g in patients with pathological changes of gallbladder, as well as in gallbladder bile. While, favorable concentrations of 50-100 μg/g were obtained in patients without them.5. There was a positive correlation between CTM concentrations in common duct bile and gallbladder bile, and also between the concentrations in gallbladder bile and those in gallbladder tissue in patients without cystic duct obstruction or marked chronic cholecystitis.Then, in the situation, CTM transfer into gallbladder bile or gallbladder tissue might be mainly dependent on biliary excretion of CTM. Moreover, according to the condition of the pathological changes of inflam-mation, another factors such as blood supply to the gallbladder, direct transfer through the liver to the wall and/or mucosal excretion from gallbladder wall are thought to affect on the CTM concentration in gall-bladder tissue or bile.View full abstractDownload PDF (1041K) -
TISSUE AND BLADDER WALLYOSHIKAZU KOSHIDO, MINORU TAKARA, YORIAKI KAMIRYO, NORIO YAMAMOTO, HEI ...1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 229-236
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Cefotiam (CTM) was administered in 31 patients before surgery and the concentration of CTM in serum, extirpated prostatic tissue and bladder wall was measured.
Additional studies on pharmacokinetic parameters were carried out.2. The maximum level of serum concentration, following 1 hour intravenous infusion of 1 g, was 54.0 μg/ml after 1 hour and T1/2 was 1.16 hours.3. Th emaximum level of prostatic tissue was 19.5 μg/g and of bladder wall was 29.9 μg/g after 1.2 hours and T1/2 was 1.14 hours for both.4. An appropriate administration method for single use of CTM in the patient of UTI was discussed and 1 hour infusion of 1 g CTM was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
CEFMETAZOLE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH VESICOURETERAL REFLUX AND HYDRONEPHROSIS PART ITAKESHI MIYANO, HIROSHI SHIMOMURA, TAKEO ARAI, KATSUNORI SASAKI, TOMIO ...1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 237-242
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe urinary excretion of cefmetazole (CMZ) which was administered intravenously from the both kidneys (affected side and normal side) was studied separately after surgery in 11 infants and children (10 cases of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and 1 case of hydronephrosis due to pelviureteric obstruction). In kidneys with VUR of grade IIb to III degree, urinary concentration of CMZ showed rather higher than that we expected from their creatinine clearance. On the contrary in kidneys with VUR of grade IV degree and hydronephrosis, urinary concentration of CMZ showed rather lower compared to their creatinine clearance.View full abstractDownload PDF (3044K) -
TAKESHI MIYANO, TAKEO ARAI, HIROSHI SHIMOMURA, TOMIO OGAWA, KATSUNORI ...1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 243-246
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe correlation between the biliary excretion of cefmetazole (CMZ) and the bile acid metabolism was studied in 17 postoperative children with congenital biliary atresia.
1. B (total bile acid value in bile)/S (total bile acid value in serum) ratio is the best indicator in order to evaluate the postoperative condition of the liver in patients with biliary atresia at this time, that is, the B/S ratio is lower, the condition of the liver is deteriorated.
2. The biliary excretion of CMZ was closely correlated to the B/S ratio, that is, the B/S ratio is lower, the biliary excretion of CMZ is dicreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K) -
EIJI KONAGA, TETSUYA MANNAMI, SADANORI FUCHIMOTO, MINORU HAISA, KUNZO ...1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 247-255
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors treated 415 patients, with injection of 4g cefmetazole (CMZ) per day after operation of the digestive tract. In these cases, the prevention of postoperative wound infections was investigated and the following results were obtained.
Out of 415 cases, 11 cases (2.7%) had postoperative wound infections; 6 cases of which were superficial wound infections and 5 cases deep wound infections. In relation to the degree of infection of the surgical field of them, 10 cases were performed with the contamination by bowel organisms and 1 case was in infected surgical field.
Bacteriological examination was carried out. Twenty-four strains of bacteria were isolated and identified. The major bacterial strains identified were 6 strains of S. faecalis, 4 strains of E. cloacae and 4 strains of P. aeruginosa. These organisms were rarely sensitive to CMZ.
The results suggest that the organisms causing postoperative wound infections are changing compared with the organisms of previous reports and that the use of CMZ as a postoperative medication is useful in the prevention of wound infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (957K) -
KOHEI KAKU, YOJI ISHIDA, MASAMITSU INOUE, KEN YAGA, YOSHIKI YOSHIZAKI, ...1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 256-260
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical and bacteriological efficiencies of cefoperazone (CPZ) in 19 serious infections associated with hematological malignancy were studied.
1. CPZ was clinically effective in 13 cases (68.4%). Excellent effects were obtained in 3 cases (15.8%), good effects in 7 cases (36.8%) and fairly good effects in 3 cases (15.8%). The rate of clinical effectiveness by CPZ was not dependent on neutrophils number in peripheral blood.
2. Bacteriological effectiveness to isolated organisms in 15 cases was obtained in 9 cases (60%).
3. Clinically significant serum concentrations of CPZ persisted over 6 hours after injection (1g/l hour, d. i. v.). In comparative study of MIC against clinically isolated P. aeruginosa, CPZ was superior to other cephalosporins.
4. Adverse reactions were not significant except for 3 cases with abnormalities of hepatic function.View full abstractDownload PDF (595K) -
Yozo WATANABE, ATSUFUMI GONDA, TSUTOMU KIDOKORO1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 261-266
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPharmacokinetic studies were carried out on cefbuperazone (CBPZ) in 9 patients postoperating under-going drainage. The concentration of CBPZ in serum and peritoneal exudate after one shot intravenous administration of 1g was measured by bioassay and calculated respectively by two-and one-compartment open model. The results obtained were as follows:
1. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from the serum levels were compared to those reported previously; T1/2=101min., Vd=4.06L and Cl=76ml/min.
2. The simulation curve of the peritoneal exudate level fit fairly with the mean values of 6 patients. It appeared that CBPZ penetrated somewhat slowly into peritoneal exudate with the peak value of 27.05μg/ml at about 1 hour after the administration. The exudate levels thereafter declined more slowly than the serum ones (T1/2=134min.). It was 6.2μg/ml even at 6 hours after the administration.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
SEISHI ASARI, MASAYUKI HORIKAWA, HISAKO TSUKAMOTO, YOKO SHIMIZU, KAZUM ...1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 267-278
Published: February 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSusceptibilities of 372 strains of bacteria to cefotaxime (CTX) were determined based on the inhibition zone diameter obtained by the single-disc method. Four categories were assessed.
1. Susceptibility of clinical isolates to CTX and 3 other antibiotics
Against most strains, CTX showed higher antibacterial activity than other drugs in the low concentration, especially for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. agalactiae, E. coli and P. morganii.
2. Susceptibility of strains isolated from different clinical materials CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity against most strains isolated from pus, blood and cerebro-spinal fluid and showed higher activity against strains isolated from other materials, too.
3. Susceptibility of clinical isolates in 7 different fields278CTX was shown to have uniformly higher antibacterial activity than other drugs against isolates from such fields as internal medicine, pediatrics, surgery, urology, obstetrics & gynecology, dermatology and otorhinolaryngology.
CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity in dermatology.
4. Susceptibility of all clinical isolates
CTX showed the highest antibacterial activity against isolated pathogenic 352 strains (except for P. aeruginosa of 20 strains).View full abstractDownload PDF (1002K)
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