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Volume 44, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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IPPEI FUJIMORI1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 365-387
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2184K) -
MASAHIKO YAMAMOTO, YASUTAKA INA, KATSUTOSHI TAKADA, MASAHARU NODA, MUN ...1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 388-397
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) was used to treat respiratory tract infections (RTI) in 54 patients with lung cancer.
Out of the 54 patients studied, 53 were evaluable for the utility of IPM/CS; 42 had pneumonia, 9 had obstructive pneumonia, 1 had a lung abscess and 1 had acute bronchitis. The efficacy rate was 71.7%.
Seventeen causative organisms were isolated from 14 patients. They included Staphylococcus aureus 5 strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis 4 strains, Staphylococcus sp. 2 strains, Enterococcus faecalis 1 strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens 2 strains, Acinetobacter sp. 1 strain, and the eradication rate was 81.8%. Clinical adverse effects (nausea and vomiting) were observed in 1 patient.
Abnormalities in laboratory test results were observed in 3 patients. They disappeared or returned to normal values after completion of therapy or discontinuation of IPM/CS administration.
IPM/CS appears to be a useful antibiotic for RTI in patients with lung cancer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1018K) -
HIRONOBU AKITA, YOSHITAKE SATO, SATOSHI IWATA, KEISUKE SUNAKAWA1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 398-411
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteriological and clinical studies on cefodizime (CDZM, THR-221), a new cephem developed by Hoechst AG and Roussel Uclaf, were carried out and the results are summarized below:
1. Against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to those of cefbtaxime (CTX), cefazolin, cefbtiam and piperacillin. Against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniaeand Serratia sp., antibacterial activities of CDZM were similar to that of CTX, and superior to those of other tested antibiotics. Especially against Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis, it showed an excellent antibacterial activity.
2. Although the clinical efncacy was poor in l patient with sepsis caused by Salmonella marcescens and in another with cervical lymphadenitis, in 5 patients with upper respiratory tract infection, 4 patients with bronchitis, 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, 18 patients with pneumonia, 5 patients with urinary tract infbction and 1 patient with enteritis, the c1inical efficacy was excellent or good and the emcacy rate was 95.1% (39/41) including excellent efficacies in 25 cases.
3. Bacteriologically, a11 identified causative bacteria were eradicated except for 1 case of Salmonella sp., thus the eradication rate was 97.4% (38/39). Especially S. pneumoniae in 10 cases, H. influenzae in 12 cases and B. caiarrhalis in 3 cases were eradicated totally.
4. Adverse reactions were studied in 46 cases, and digestive symptoms were observed in 9 cases (diarrhea 5 cases, loose stools 4 cases). Eruption and vascular pain were observed in 1 case each. As digestive symptoms in 9 cases were mild, the treatment were not suspended. In laboratory test values, elevation of GOT, e1evation of GPT, elevation of bilirubin, and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. Influences on blood coagulation parameters were studied. No change was observed between the begining and the end of the treatment.
From above results, we have concluded that CDZM is a useful and safe antibiotic in pediatrics, administered at a daily dose of 20mg/kg divided into 3 or 4 doses and administered intravenously.View full abstractDownload PDF (1293K) -
SATOSHI IWATA, KENICHIRO YAMADA, YOSHIAKI KIN, TAKAO YOKOTA, YUTAKA KU ...1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 412-425
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of cefodizime (CDZM), a new injectable cephem antibiotic, on the intestinal bacterial flora were studied in tetra-contaminated mice and in pediatric patients.
CDZM was intramuscularly administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg once a day for 5 consecutive days to mice contaminated with 4 different species of organisms: Escherichia coil, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacteroides fragilis and Bifidobacterium breve. For 3 species except E. faecalis, bacterial populations in feces were markedly reduced after the start of the treatment.
Subjects in the pediatric study were 5 children with bacterial infections (4 boys and 1 girl) at ages from 7 months to 9 years 6 months and with their body weights ranging from 7.6 kg to 51.1 kg. CDZM was intravenously administered at a dose of 9.7 mg/kg to 23.0 mg/kg 4 times a day for 5 to 15 days. Although some variations in the fecal bacterial flora were noticed among these subjects during the treatment, populations of main aerobes and anaerobes such as Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium decreased markedly in most cases. Glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative rods and fungi tended to increase during or after the administration of CDZM, and they were the most predominant species in some cases. Although these changes tended to return to predosing states after the cessation of the treatment with CDZM, attention must be paid to possible occurrences of diarrhea, superinfection or bleeding tendency when treatment with the drug is continued for long periods of time.
Fecal concentrations of CDZM considered to be closely related to the changes of the intestinal bacterial flora showed pretty high values in all cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (1345K) -
SUSUMU NAKAZAWA, HAJIME SATO, YUICHI HIRAMA, AKIRA NARITA, KIMIKO MATS ...1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 426-439
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations of cefpirome (CPR), a newly developed cephalosporin, were performed in the field of pediatrics.
The results are summarized as follows.
1. Peak serum concentrations cf CPR after a dose of 20 mg/kg via 30 minutes and that via 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion and a dose of 40 mg/kg via 60 minutes intravenous drip infusion were 80.8, 63.7 and 128.8 itg/ml, respectively, with half-lives being 1.41, 1.28 and 1.79 hours, respectively.Urinary excretion rates for CPR in the first 6 hours after administration ranged 66.7-77.1%.
2. The clinical efficacy rate in pediatric infections obtained at daily dose levels ranging 55.6-166.7 mg/kg was 95.7%.
3. The eradication rate for 22 strains identified in the study was 95.5%.
4. Side effects were found in 2 cases of diarrhea. The abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 5 cases with 7 test items (increased number of platelets; 2 cases, increased activity of GOT; 2 cases and increased activity of GPT; 1 case).
According to these results, CPR was considered to be a useful antimicrobial agent in pediatric infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (1233K) -
KUNIYOSHI KUNO, AKIMASA OGAWA, HIDETOSHI TAKEUCHI, KAZUE TOMITA, OSAMU ...1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 440-446
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics.
The results obtained are summarized below.
1. Antibacterial activities of CPR against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were superior to those of ceftazidime.
2. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rates after intravenous bolus injection of CPR at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 5 minutes in 2 cases each were determined. Mean peak plasma concentrations of CPR at these dose levels were 33.9, 62.9 and 96.0μg/ml at 15 minutes with plasma half-lives of 1.58, 1.69, and 2.13 hours, respectively. Mean cumulative urinary excretion rates in the first 8 hours after administration were 51.2, 78.0 and 74.9%, respectively.
3. Ten patients with bacterial infections (pneumonia 5 cases, urinary tract infection 5 cases) were treated with CPR at a daily dose of 16-79 mg/kg/day. The overall clinical efficacy and bacteriological eradication rates were both 100%.
4. No adverse reactions were observed except in 1 case of mild pain in blood vessels.Abnormal laboratory test results were also mild, slight elevation of GOT, GPT and thrombocytosis in 1 case and eosinophylia in 1 case.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
SETSUKO ITO, HIDEO HIGASHI, MITSUFUMI MAYUMI, HARUKI MIKAWA1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 447-453
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was clinically evaluated for its efhcacy and safety in ll patients with ages from 4 months to ll years with bacterial infection. The results obtained are summarized as fbllows.
1. CPR was administered to 6 patients with bronchopneumonia, a patient with pneumonia, apatient with tonsillitis, 2 patients with acute pharyngitis and apatient with suppurative parotitis at daily dosage levels ranging 55.5-91.7mg/kg, divided into 3 using intravenous bolus injection or 30 minutes drip infusion. Clinical responses of the ll patients were as fbllows: excellent; 8 patients, good; 2 patients, poor; 1 patient, hence the efncacy rate was 90.9%.
2. Neither clinical adverse reaction nor abnormal laboratory test value was observed except slight elevation of GOT and GPT in a patient and leukopenia in another.
3. MICs of CPR against 18 β-lactamase producing strains isolated from patients were as follows.
MIC against a strain of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.56μg/ml, MICs against 3 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were less than O.025μg/ml, those against 3 out of 5 strains of Emembacter cloacae were less than 0.025μg/ml and those against the remaining 2 strains were 0.05 and 0.20μg/ml. MICs against 2 out of 3 strains Acinetobacter lwoffi were 1.56μg/ml, and that of the remaining l strain was 0.39 μg/ml. MICs against 2 strains of Pseudomonas cepacia were 1.56μg/ml. MICs against a strain of Pseudomonas putida and astrain of Citrobacter diversus were 0.78 and less than 0.025μg/ ml, respectively.
4. These data described above show that CPR has excellent bactericidal activities against β-lactamase producing bacteria as well as against β-1actamase non-producing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and suggest that CPR is avery useful antibiotic for pediatric patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (616K) -
TADAFUMI NISHIMURA, KAZUO TABUKI, SHIGEYUKI AOKI, MICHIO TAKAGI1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 454-461
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have carried out laboratory and clinical studies on cefpirome (CPR, HR 810). The results are summarized as follows.
CPR was given by 30-minute drip infusion to 3 children at a single dose of 20 mg/kg. After the 30-minute drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of CPR was 65.7-2.2μ at the end of infusion, and the mean half-life was 1.49-0.046 hours.
The mean urinary excretion rate of CPR was 57.0-25.8% in the first 8 hours after the 30-minute drip infusion of 20mg/kg.
Treatment with CPR was made in 9 cases of pediatric bacterial infections; 1 case each of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and bronchopneumonia, 4 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of urinary tract infection. Results obtained were excellent in 6 cases, good in 3 cases.
No sigificant side effects due to the drug were observed except one case of elevated GOT and GPT, and 3 cases of eosinophilia.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
SUGURU MATSUOKA, YOSHIO TAKAHASHI, YASUHIRO KURODA1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 462-465
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCefpirome (CPR), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, was adminstered to 10 patients with infectious diseases.
The patients included 5 boys and 5 girls from 1 month to 5 years of age. They were given the drug intravenously at dosages ranging 53-100 mg/kg/day for 4 to 10 days.
Clinical eMcacy was evaluated in 9 patients: excellent in 2 patients, good in 6 patients and fair in 1 patient. The overall efficacy rate was 88.9%.
No adverse effects were observed except in one patient who showed a slight increase of serum GOT and GPT.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
TAKANORI SEKIGUCHI, YOSHIROU SHIINO, KAZUYOSHI MURAKAWA, MIDORI NISHIM ...1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 466-471
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCefpirome (CPR, HR 810) was given intravenously to 10 children with acute bacterial infections including 8 with acute pneumonia, 1 each with acute pleuritis and urinary tract infections.
Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in all of the 10 patients and bacterial eradications were obtained for all 8 strains found in these cases. Slight elevation of GOT, GPT and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. From the above clinical results, it appears that CPR is a useful antibiotic for treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (558K) -
SEIKYO FURUKAWA, TAKASHIGE OKADA1991 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 472-479
Published: April 25, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCefpirome (CPR, HR 810), a new cephem antibiotic, was investigated for its penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and its clinical efficacy against bacterial infections.
1. CSF concentrations of CPR following intravenous injection were investigated in 2 patients with purulent meningitis. In one of them, the concentrations were 2.11μg/ml and 1.31μg/ml on 3 and 8 days, respectively, after start of administration. In the other patient, they were 24.2μg/ml, and 1.35μg/ml on 2 days and 7 days after administration, respectively.
2. Antibacterial activities of CPR against clinical isolates, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, except those against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were clearly superior to those of ceftazidime.
3. Clinical efficacies evaluated in 15 patients were “excellent” in 9, “good” in 5 and “unknown” in 1. The overall efficacy rate was 93.0%.
4. Clinical efficacies were “excellent” in 1 patient with bacteremia, “excellent” in 6 and “good” in one of 7 patients with pneumonia, and “good” in both of the 2 patients with purulent meningitis. Clinical efficacies against other diseases were “excellent” or “good”, in 1 patient with pyothorax, 1 patient with purulent lymphadenitis, and 2 patients with facial cellulitis. In 1 patient with biliary tract infection, the results of treatment with CPR were “unknown” due to insufficient clinical data.
5. No adverse reactions were observed except in 1 patient who showed an increase in platelet count.View full abstractDownload PDF (728K)
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