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Volume 46, Issue 4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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JUN IGARI, YASUYUKI HAYASHI, SEIJI SHITARA, MASATO SHITARA, KAYOKO YOS ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 285-294
Published: April 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe discussed the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Proteeae isolated in Japan, 1989. Eight hundred six clinical isolates were collected from 47 hospitals. These were comprised of 431 strains of Proteus mirabilis, 155 Proteus vulgaris, 154 Morganella morganii, 44 Providencia rettgeri and 22 Providencia stuartii. Antibiotics tested in this study were 2 penicillins, 5 cephems, 1 carbapenem and2 aminoglycosides. The MIC's were determined using the standard method of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy.
Susceptibilities of the above strains to these antibiotics are described below;
1. Latamoxef, ceftizoxime and imipenem had exellent activities with no evident differences among the species of Proteeae.
2. Ampicillin and cefazolin were less active against Indol-positive Proteeae.
3. Piperacillin and cefmetazole were also strongly active drugs against P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and P. stuartii, and cefotiam against P. mirabilis and P. stuartii.
4. Gentamicin and netilmicin showed exellent activities against M. morganii.View full abstractDownload PDF (820K) -
KOICHI DEGUCHI, NOZOMI YOKOTA, MASAMI KOGUCHI, YUMIKO SUZUKI, KANAE SU ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 295-309
Published: April 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Antimicrobial activity of aspoxicillin (ASPC) in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) was compared with those of other penicillin antibiotics (PCs) against clinical isolates sent to us from medical institutions throughout Japan in 1988, 1990 and 1992 and strains isolated and indentified from samples collected from patients with various infections.
1. The MIC80's of ASPC against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis group were almost the same as those against these isolates in 1985 to 1986.
2. A trend for increasing susceptiblity to PCs including ASPC was observed in the isolates of S. aureus and Haemophilus influenzae. This trend in S. aureus was attributed to the appearance of non β-lactamase producing strains associated with the development of highly resistant strains among the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as to a tendency toward yearly decreasing frequency of MRSA. The trend for the increased susceptiblity in H. influenzae was related to the decrease in the number of β-lactamase production strains.
3. The frequency of the strains highly resistant to PCs including ASPC increased.
4. No PCs-resistant strains were observed among the so-called β-streptococci, while among α-streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae there was a trend for decreasing frequency of strains with lower susceptibility to PCs or those with resistant to PCs. These strains may be variants which were also resistant to cephems and had penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).
Meanwhile, a high frequency of highly PCs-resistant strains were noted among Enterococcus faecium. In view of the fact that the PCs-resistance of E. faecium is known to be related to PBPs, the pattern of the susceptibility of the recent clinical isolates to β-lactams is considered to be multimodal.View full abstractDownload PDF (1449K) -
TETSUO FURUKAWA, CHIE SHIMIZU, TATSUYA UJI, YOSHIYUKI MIYAKE, AKIO HYO ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 310-317
Published: April 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in vivo synergistic effect of cefodizime (CDZM) in combination with minocycline (MINO) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated. A study of fractional effective dose (FED) index showed that either synergistic or additive effect was observed between CDZM and MINO. The postantibiotic effect (PAE) of MINO was not altered by the addition of CDZM. However, a strong synergistic bactericidal effect of CDZM and MINO against MRSA CT-18 was observed for more than 14 hours in the presence of immunocompromised tumour bearing murine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). These results suggest that the strong therapeutic efficacy of CDZM in combination with MINO was caused by synergistic bactericidal effect of the 2 drugs in the presence of PMN.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
TETSURO CHIMURA, TOSHIO HIRAYAMA, MITSUNORI TAKASE1993 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 318-322
Published: April 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antimicrobial activity of cervical mucus is regarded as a local defense mechanism against ascending infections by the vaginal bacterial flora. In this study, the content of lactoferrin in cervical mucus of patients with chorioamnionitis (CAM) and its correlation with other indicators of infection were determined.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The lactoferrin content in cervical mucus was higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women. It was significantly lower in CAM (+) patients than in CAM (-) patients (P<0.001) in preterm labor and was lower in preterm labor than in full-term control (P<0.002). Elastase contents in cervical mucus of CAM (+) patients were significantly higher than full-term control levels (P<0.001), and showed a negative correlation with lactoferrin contents.
2. With regard to other indicators of infection, CRP, ESR, and WBC were higher in CAM (+) patients and fibronectin was detected (>50ng/ml) in the cervical mucus of all CAM (+) patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
MASAKAZU KUROYAMA, KAZUO KUMANO, SHIGERU MOTOHASHI, SETSUKO MURASE, FU ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 323-330
Published: April 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn assessment was made of the serum protein binding of representative oral cephems (cefdinir, cefixime and ceftibuten) for sera from healthy subjects (HS) and patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) using an application of equilibrium dialysis under a same set of conditions in vitro. The protein binding capacity of oral cephems in CRF patients being treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or hemodialysis (HD) was significantly less than that in HS, and a marked increase in free drug concentration was observed. While examining the protein binding of oral cephems with heparin in patients on HD, binding capacity decreased significantly immediately following the completion of dialysis compared to that prior to dialysis. On the other hand, the protein binding of oral cephems did not change when used nafamostat mesilate as an anticoagulant. The addition of palmitic acid (PA), a common non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), to pooled sera from HS caused the binding capacity of oral cephems to decrease, accompanied by increase in PA concentration. It appears from these findings that changes in the binding capacity of oral cephems with HD have possibly been caused by increase in NEFA due to activation of lipase when heparin was used as an anticoagulant. In conclusion, changes in the protein binding capacity of oral cephems in CRF patients should be taken into consideration in attempts to avoid possible side effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (1028K) -
EVALUATION OF CREDE's METHOD USING NORFLOXACIN AND GENTAMICINKANJI SEIGA, TAKASHI SHOJI1993 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 331-336
Published: April 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCREDE'S method was evaluated using norfloxacin (NFLX) and gentamicin (GM) to show the clinical significance of chemoprophylaxis against ophthalmia neonatorum occuring through vertical infections.The obtained results are summarized as follows.
1. NFLX and GM were separately instilled using CREDE's original method in 171 cases selected from all cases of delivary encounterd in this hospital during a period of 5 months in 1991. The two groups had similar backgrounds.
2. NFLX and GM were effective in 70 of 71 cases and in 96 of 100 cases, respectivery.
No side effects were found in either groups.
3. From 4 of 5 inefective cases were isolated staphylococci, which were sensitive to NFLX and GM.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K)
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