All issues
Predecessor
Volume 46, Issue 8
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
NOBUKI AOKI, YOSHIMARU USUDA, YUTAKA KODA, TETSUYA TAKASAWA, NOBUTO WA ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 637-646
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the pharmacokinetics of a new cephem antibiotic, DQ-2556, in patients with impaired kidney function. The peak concentrations of the compound in the serum were observed irrespective of the degree of kidney failure 5 minutes after its bolus administration of 1.0g intravenously, and no significant difference was observed in the concentrations among the patients. On the other hand, the decrease in its concentrations in the serum was impeded in proportion to degrees of kidney failure and, in particular, hemodialysis patients showed markedly delayed clearance of the drug from the serum; the half-lives in the serum (β phase) were prolonged to ca. 6 hours in patients with severe kidney failure (Ccr ca. 20ml/min) and did so markedly to ca. 17 to 21 hours in patients with hemodialysis as compared with ca. 2.5 hours in patients with slight kidney failure (Ccr ca. 50ml/min). Urinary excretion rates (0-to-24 hours values) were ca. 70% in patients with slight kidney failure, ca. 60% in patients with moderate kidney failure and ca. 40% in patients with severe kidney failure, showing a tendency toward a decline in relation to increasing degrees of kidney failure. The compound showed a satisfactory dialytic property.
The clinical efficacy and safety of DQ-2556 were evaluated upon administering if at daily doses of 0.5 g b. i. d. and 1.0g b. i. d. for 7 and 14 consecutive days respectively, in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. The clinical efficacies were excellent in 2 patients, good in 11 and poor in 2, yielding a efficacy rate of 86.7%. No side effects were observed, though, a neutrophil sedimentation ratio decreased in a patient, and a down-shift of prothrombin activities was observed in another.
These results suggest that DQ-2556 is useful for lower respiratory tract infections, but in patients with kidney failures it is required to seek the most suitable regimen since the excretion rates of the compound decrease as degrees of kidney failure become severer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1116K) -
HIDEYO YAMAGUCHI, KATSUHISA UCHIDA1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 647-653
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe susceptibility to fluconazole (FLCZ) were evaluated for 40 strains of 8 yeast species and 4 strains of 3 Aspergillus species, all of which were isolated from clinical specimens during clinical trials of FLCZ in child patients performed from January 1991 to January 1993 in this country.
The in vitro activity of FLCZ against yeast isolates and Aspergillus isolates were measured using the microdilution method with semisolid SAAMF (synthetic amino acid medium fungal) agar and the macrodilution method with Eagle MEM (minimum essential medium), respectively, using amphotericin B (AMPH) and flucytosine as the reference drugs. Out of all yeast species tested, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were the most susceptible to FLCZ with geometric mean (GM)-MICs of <0.4μg/ml that were far less than the corresponding values for AMPH or flucytosine. On the other hand, FLCZ showed the lowest activity against Candida krusei and Candida glabrata with GM-MICs of approximately 10μg/ml that were slightly higher than those for AMPH. The susceptibilities to FLCZ of Candida parapsilosis, Candida pelliculosa (anamorph of Hansenula anomala), Candida famata, and Trichosporon cutaneum were intermediate. Antifungal activities of FLCZ and the 2 reference drugs against aspergilli were determined on the basis of the amount of total protein recovered from drug-treated cultures relative to that from drug-free control cultures. Fifty percent and 90% inhibitory concentrations of FLCZ against 2 isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus were 6.25-25μg/ml and 50μg/ml, respectively.
Against this and 2 other species of Aspergillus, AMPH appeared more highly active than FLCZ.View full abstractDownload PDF (935K) -
RYOCHI FUJII, SHUZO MATSUMOTO, YUKIO SAKIYAMA, YORIKAZU ISHIKAWA, TAKE ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 654-685
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFluconazole (FLCZ) is an antifungal agent of triazole class developed by Pfizer, Inc. Its oral and injectable forms have been available on the market since June 1989 in Japan. FLCZ exhibits potent antifungal activities against Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and Cryptococcus spp. and, as orally or intravenously administered, is widely distributed into organs and tissues. For its low protein binding rate of about 10 per cent and long serum half life of about thirty hours in adults, FLCZ has been proved highly effective and useful in the treatment of deep-seated mycosis in adult patients.
In the present study, we have investigated the clinical effectiveness and antifungal activities of FLCZ granules, a new dosage form of the drug, and of intravenous form in pediatric patients with deep mycosis. A total of 72 patients were treated either with granules orally or with intravenous injection and 47 patients among them were evaluable on the clinical efficacy of the drug.
Also, a study on the pharmacokinetics of pediatric patients including premature/new born babies was conducted employing multiple dose regimens in a total of 27 patients.
The clinical efficacy rates were 79.5% (35 patients out of 44) in candidiasis and 100.0% (3 of 3) in aspergillosis. The safety of the drug was assessed in 63 patients. No side effects were observed. Clinical laboratory test abnormalities were observed in some patients with an incidence of 9.7% (6 patients out of 62) but most of the abnormalities were only mild and transient. The pharmacokinetics at repeated doses indicated that a steady-state is reached in 4 days after the initial administration of either granules or intravenous form.
From these results, it may be concluded that FLCZ is a very useful medication in the treatment of deep mycosis in pediatric patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (2896K) -
KOUICHI HIRAKAWA, SHOICHIRO TSUDA, SHINICHI MISAWA, YUKO KUZUYAMA, HIR ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 686-696
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated clinical effects and toxicities of a combination in treatment with cefodizime (CDZM) and minocycline (MINO) for infections complicated with hematological disorders in 67 patients. Fifty-nine patients were evaluable, including 32 with acute leukemia, 15 with malignant lymphoma, and 12 with other hematological disorders.
Clinical efficacies were excellent in 17 cases, good in 24 cases, fair in 2 cases, and poor in 16 cases. The efficacy rate was 69.5% (41 cases/59 cases). This treatment was also effective in 8 of 12 cases in which granulocyte counts were less than 500/μl through the course of administration.
No subjective side effects were observed.
Abnormal values in laboratory tests were noted in 5 cases. Mild elevations of GOT, GPT, Al-P and bilirubin were observed, but none was serious.
Thus, the combination of CDZM and MINO is an effective and safe regimen for the treatment of infections in patients complicated with hematological disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (1119K) -
TAKAFUMI MATSUSHIMA, KOUSEI TAMURA, KIYOSHI OKAMOTO, ETSUO KAWADA, KAY ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 697-705
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the efficacy and safety of a combination therapy with sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) and amikacin (AMK) on severe infections in the patients with hematological disorders. We administered SBT/CPZ and AMK to 65 patients and analyzed the result of 57 patients, except for 8 drop outs, for evaluation. The overall clinical efficacy of this combination therapy was 64.9% (excellent in 15 patients, good in 22 patients).
Thirty seven patients had sepsis and suspected sepsis. The efficacy was 67.6% in these patients. The rate of improvement in the cases (18 patients) with neutrophil counts under 500/mm3 during the administration among 28 patients who had not responded to prior antibiotic treatment was 67.9%. Diarrhea was found in 1 patient as an apparent side effect likely related to this drug regimen.
It appears that combination therapy of SBT/CPZ and AMK was a useful regimen in the treatment of infectious diseases complicated with hematological disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (824K) -
ISSEI NAKAYAMA, EMIKO YAMAJI, HIROSHI KAWAMURA, HIROSHI KAWAGUCHI, YOZ ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 706-725
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSparfloxacin (SPFX), a new oral quinolone antimicrobial, was evaluated for the clinical efficacy against skin/soft tissue structural and osteomyelitic infections.
SPFX was administered to a total of 101 patients with various infections such as infected atheroma, periproctal abscess, subcutaneous abscess, wound infections, felon, cellulitis, furuncle, pilonidal sinus, suppurative mastitis, lymphangitis, hemorrhoidal fistula, osteomyelitis.
The clinical efficacy in the evaluable 101 cases was assessed by the physician in charge as excellent in 19 cases, good in 64, fair in 11 and poor in 7, the efficacy rate being 82.2%. In contrast, the clinical efficacy in 101 evaluable cases by the criteria of the committee as excellent in 36 cases, good in 45, fair in 8, and poor in 12, the efficacy rate being 80.2%. Clinical efficacy rating was not significantly difference between 200 mg/day group and 300 mg/day group. The bacteriological eradication rate was 86.5% in 53 cases with monomicrobial infection and 90.3% in 33 cases with polymicrobial infections. Of 18 cases whose infections were previously intractable with other drugs and treated thereafter with SPFX, 15 were judged in the efficacy as excellent or good.
The side effects observed in 2 cases during the treatment were epigastralgia and nausea which were tolerable and did not require withdrawal of SPFX. No abnormal laboratory value was found in the several required tests.
The MIC values measured for 108 strains (90.0%) of 120 clinical isolated of 35 species were lower than 0.78μg/ml.View full abstractDownload PDF (1568K) -
TETSURO CHIMURA, TOSHIO HIRAYAMA, MITSUNORI TAKASE1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 726-729
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLysozyme and lactoferrin, antimicrobial substances present in cervical mucus, play an important role in defense mechanisms against ascending infections in development of chorioamnionitis (CAM). In this study, we measured the concentration of lysozyme in cervical mucus, and studied its relationship with other factors, and obtained following results.
The concentration of lysozyme in cervical mucus decreased more significantly in positive CAM in preterm labor than in negative CAM and control subjects (P<0.001). A direct correlation between the concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin was observed (r=0.709). In positive CAM, the concentration of elastase in cervical mucus reached a significantly high level (more than 8,000μg/L), and a no correlation between the concentrations of elastase and lysozyme was observed. These findings suggest a reduction of the defense mechanism occured because the concentrations of both lysozyme and lactoferrin in cervical mucus during preterm labor (positive CAM) decreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
TETSURO CHIMURA, TOSHIO HIRAYAMA1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 730-735
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical efficacy of cefodizime (CDZM) in obstetric and gynecologic infections and in their prevention, and fluctuations in cervical mucus elastase in gynecologic infections and during pregnancy were studied, and the following results were obtained:
1. Cervical mucus elastase showed high values of ≥5,001μg/L in 68.2% of non-pregnant patients and in 25.9% of pregnant patients (gestational age of 24-42 weeks). Patients with concomitant chorioamnionitis showed a significantly higher rate of elastase elevation than those without this complication (63.2% vs. 25.9%, P<0.005).
2. Cervical mucus elastase in uterine and pelvic infections showed high values before administration of CDZM but tended to decline with the progress of cure (15/19 cases, 78.9%).
3. The efficacy rate of 2-4g/day of CDZM drip infusion against infections was 53/56 (94.6%) while the bacterial eradication rate was 36/38 (94.7%). The efficacy rate of 2g/day of CDZM drip infusion for the prevention of postoperative infections was 429/431 (99.8%). Diarrhea occurred in 3/489 (0.6%) as subjective and objective side effects. Slight rises in GOT and GPT were noted in 13/486 (2.7%) as abnormal laboratory values.
These results suggested the usefulness of CDZM in the obstetric and gynecologic fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (510K) -
THE PURPOSE AND PROCESS FOR ESTABLISHING THE CRITERIARYOCHI FUJII, YUTAKA KOBAYASHI, TADAFUMI NISHIMURA, KEISUKE SUNAKAWA, ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 8 Pages 736-747
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the purpose and process for establishing “Criteria for Clinical Evaluation of Antibiotics in the Pediatric Field”, which was reported in the Japanese Journal of Antibiotics Vol.46, May, 1993. The Criteria Committee was organized in November 1991. Four meetings were held to establish the draft criteria. The criteria were applied to the evaluation of oral cephem S-1108 and parenteral cephem SCE-2787. When the criteria were compared with the conventional criteria, the results indicated that no difference was obtained in the efficacy rate as a whole, the sum of “Good” and “Excellent” cases, but there was a difference in the cases judged to be “Excellent”. Partial alteration was made to the draft criteria and the Committee produced the final version of the criteria. However, the criteria are far from complete, so it will be subjected to further revision it accordance with future advance in chemotherapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1359K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|