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Volume 47, Issue 3
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[in Japanese]1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 219-244
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
YOSHIKO YAMASHIRO, MASAKO SHIMAKURA, SHINZABUROU MINAMI, YOSHIKAZU FUK ...1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 245-254
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antibacterial activity of tosufloxacin (TFLX) was compared with those of other new quinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin and fleroxacin) against clinical isolates. These isolates had been collected from May to June 1993 (22 species, 260 strains) and from June to July 1992 (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 87 strains) in Toyama municipal hospital. TFLX showed the most potent activities against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli in 1993, at MIC50 levels. The MIC50, of TFLX for these species ranged from 0.025 to 0.39μg/ml. TFLX showed potent activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, and the MICyys of TFLX were 0.05 and 0.39μg/ml, respectively. However, new quinolone resistant strains (MIC≥6.25μg/ml) were found among some species. Especially, the number of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains resistant to new quinolone exceeded 60% of all the S. aureus isolates in 1993. More MRSA strains resistant to new quinolones were isolated in 1993 than in 1992, and similar result was observed for P. aeruginosa. The coagulase typing was done, and all MRSA strains of resistant to new quinolones produced coagulase type II.View full abstractDownload PDF (974K) -
JUN IGARI1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 255-267
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of urinary tract isolates to antimicrobial agents examined at 123 hospital laboratories in Japan from September to December in 1991.
In this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory.
The susceptibility testing was performed according to the disk diffusion method recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. MRSA showed high resistance rates to all agents tested except to minocycline (MINO). MSSA had good susceptibility to imipenem (IPM) and cephalosporins with susceptibility rates higher than 90%.
Enterococcus faecalis was susceptible to IPM, ampicillin and piperacillin (PIPC) and highly resistant to cephalosporins, gentamicin (GM), erythromycin, clindamycin and MINO. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were susceptible to β-lactam drugs, GM and ofloxacin (OFLX). High susceptibility rates were observed for strains of Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii to IPM, GM, and OFLX and of Serratia marcescens for IPM and GM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were highly susceptible to IPM, ceftazidime, AMK, cefsulodin, cefoperazone, PIPC in this order.View full abstractDownload PDF (1615K) -
YORIKAZU ISHIKAWA, TAKASHI SHIMIZU, YUKIO SAKIYAMA, SYUZO MATSUMOTO, Y ...1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 268-271
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEfficacies of fluconazole (FLCZ) were evaluated in 8 cases of systemic mycosis (1 case each of candidemia, candiduria, 4 cases of pulmonary candidiasis, and 2 cases of suspected fungemia) complicated in immunocompromised children. Enrolled in the study were 3 patients with acute leukemia, 1 with malignant lymphoma, 2 with congenital immunodeficiency syndrome, 2 with other disorders. The clinical efficacies were good in 6 out of 7 cases. No side effects were observed. FLCZ is a very good and safe agent for the treatment of systemic mycosis complicated with immunocompromised children.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
YOSHITAKE SATO, SATOSHI IWATA, HIRONOBU AKITA, MICHIHIRO KOBAYASHI, TA ...1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 272-279
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on intravenous fluconazole (FLCZ) in deep seated mycoses were performed involving 4 pediatric patients.
Clinical and bacteriological assessments were made on 4 patients; clinical inprovements were good in 3 patients and bacteriological efficacies were rated as “eradicated” in 3 patients.
No side effects nor abnormal laboratory values were observed. The pharmacokinetics were investigated in 2 patients. Good serum FLCZ concentrations were obtained at an intravenous dose of 3-6mg/kg daily. These results indicate that FLCZ is a useful drug in the treatment of pediatric patients with systemic deep-seated mycosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
HITOSHI KAMIYA, TOSHIAKI IHARA, NAOKI YASUDA, MINORU SAKURAI, MASAHIRO ...1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 280-288
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFluconazole (FLCZ) is an antifungal agent of triazole class and has been proven to be effective against deep-seated mycosis caused by Candida spp., Aspergillus spp. and Cryptococcus spp. This time, as we had an opportunity to use fluconazole granules, a new dosage form of the agent, we investigated its efficacy and safety in children with deep-seated mycosis together with the efficacy of the injectable form of the agent.
FLCZ was administered to 6 patients with fungal infections for treatment and 5 compromised hosts with a high risk of fungal infections for evaluation of its prophylactic effect. The patients enrolled in the study were 11 in total, of whom 6 patients were evaluated for efficacy: fungal phlegmon in 2, esophageal candidiasis in 2, fungal bronchitis in 1 and oral mycosis in 1. Causative fungi for those infections were Candida albicans in 4 patients, Aspergillus fumigatus in 1 and Aspergillus flavus in 1. The clinical efficacies were excellent in 3 patients and good in 3. The mycological efficacies were rated as eradicated in 5 patients and reduced in 1. In 5 patients to whom FLCZ was given prophylactically, development of neither fungal infection nor unknown fever was noted. No side effects nor clinical laboratory abnormalities were observed during treatment with either granules or injection, indicative of its safety in children.View full abstractDownload PDF (951K) -
HIDETOSHI SEKI, AKIKO SENO, SINOBU SAKAZUME, KAZUKO SHINODA, NAOHISA S ...1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 289-295
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we have investigated the clinical effectiveness of fluconazole (FLCZ) given intravenously or orally to pediatric patients with systemic fungal infections. FLCZ was administered intravenously to two patients with acute leukemia (multiple hepatosplenic candidiasis and aspergillo-sis) and orally to two mycosis complicated with neuroblastoma and aplastic anemia, respectively. Clinical efficacies were excellent and no side effects were observed in any patients.
Pharmacokinetic analysis in 6 neonates revealed that the plasma half-life is 37-41 hours after administration of single dose of intravenous infusion of 3mg/kg of FLCZ.View full abstractDownload PDF (2754K) -
KUMIKO SUGITA, MUNENORI MIYAKE, KIMITAKA TAKITANI, TAKUJI MURATA, TADA ...1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 296-303
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFluconazole (FLCZ) is a novel antifungal agent and available both in oral and intravenous forms. It is characterized by a long plasma half-life and a good absorbability into tissues. Because of these, it is expected to be used safety and to exhibit good clinical efficacy in the deep seated mycosis of children. We evaluated the efficacy of FLCZ given orally or intravenously to 6 patients. Pathogenic fungi isolated from all patients were Candida, and diagnosises made were candidemia in 3 cases, gastro-intestinal candidiasis in 2 and skin candidiasis.
The clinical efficacies of FLCZ in 5 cases were excellent in 2 cases of gastro-intestinal candidiasis and poor in 3 cases of candidemia.
None of the patients reported any side effect. In clinical laboratory tests, no abnormalities that were judged to be related to FLCZ were noted.
In the study, clinical efficacy was shown to be poor in candidemia, because these cases had severe underlying diseases and the proper therapy was started too late. Thus earlier diagnosis and earlier treatment seem to be important for FLCZ to exhibit good clinical efficacy in the treatment of deep-seated mycosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
HIROSHI WAKIGUCHI, HIROAKI HISAKAWA, MIWA SINOHARA, SEIJI WATANABE, TA ...1994 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 304-308
Published: March 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree children with severe candidal infections were treated with fluconazole (FLCZ). An excellent effect or a partial effect was obtained in each case.
Case 1 was a boy with candida esophagitis. He had been treated for relapsed ALL and became febrile with severe swallowing pain. FLCZ was administered intravenously and he became afebrile after 10 days of the therapy.
Case 2 was a boy with candida pneumonitis. He had been treated for relapsed ALL and became febrile with diffuse infiltration in chest X-ray. FLCZ was administered intravenously and he became afebrile transiently, though fever and abnormal X-ray shadows reappeared soon and died of pneumonia and leukemic infiltrations.
Case 3 was a girl with candida pneumonitis. She had been treated for relapsed neuroblastoma and became febrile and dyspneic. She was treated with intravenous FLCZ with no effects and died of pneumonia.
All three patients showed positive results in 2 of 3 markers for candida infection, including, Cand-Tec, D-arabinitol and fungal index. FLCZ was well tolerated and no adverse effects or abnormal laboratory test results were observed. FLCZ was considered as an effective and safe antifungal agent in the treatment for fungal infections in children.View full abstractDownload PDF (2207K)
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