The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 2186-5477
Print ISSN : 0368-2781
ISSN-L : 0368-2781
Volume 52, Issue 6
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
  • JUN IGARI
    1999 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 449-457
    Published: June 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    OHYA et al. noted that the antibacterial activity of carbapenem-family antibiotics against Pseudomonasaeruginosa was significantly enhanced through lowering the basic amino acid concentration in the culture medium.They reported that there was a marked difference in antimicrobial activity of panipenem (PAPM) againstPseudomonas aeruginosa between the culture medium with Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) diluted with distilledwater and the non-diluted culture medium. We used 2,312 strains of fresh Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolatedfrom clinical materials, to examine the antibacterial activity of PAPM in non-diluted and diluted culture media.For testing the susceptibility, we employed the Showa disc method and agar plate dilution method. In the Showadisc method, the inhibition diameters of the tested microbial strains showed a larger distribution for both 16-foldand 40-fold diluted MHA, compared to the non-diluted MHA. The MIC values in the agar plate dilution methodwere also smaller in distribution for the 16-fold as well as the 40-fold diluted MHA, compared to the non-dilutedculture media. Approximately 90% of the strains showed decreased MIC values, 2-8 times in the 16-fold dilutedMHA and 2-16 times in the 40-fold diluted MHA.
    From the above results, we confirmed that the IN VITRO antibacterial activity of PAPM against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was enhanced through lowering the MHA concentration.
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  • MASAKAZU KOUDA, JUNKO FUKUHARA, MIKA TAKEUCHI, MASAFUMI OHGAWARA, HIRO ...
    1999 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 458-468
    Published: June 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Antibacterial activity of various antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from each hospitalsdepends on the variety or amount of antibiotics used in each hospital. The antibiotic, which is effective toP. aeruginosa in a certain hospital is not always effective to that in other hospital. The excellent antibiotics inantibacterial activity have low MIC and hard to progress in resistance, and such antibiotics may be effectiveagainst P. aeruginosa isolated from any hospitals. Therefore we thought that the antibiotic, which was progress toresistance, would show a great difference in MIC among hospitals, and we investigated MIC and difference of MIC of various antibiotics against P. aeruginosa isolated from six hospitals. Furthermore, we converted the dataof MICs and difference of MIC among six hospitals into the score, and tried to estimate antibacterial activity ofvarious antibiotics by using those scores.
    From the results of analysis in this report, we think the antibiotics actually surpass in antibacterial activitymay be imipenem, cefozopran, cefsulodin and amikacin.
    New analytical method proposed in this report will become one of potential methods to estimate antibacterial activity of antibiotics against bacteria isolated from inpatient with bacterial infections.
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  • YOSHIHIRO MATSUMOTO, RIKA ISHIHARA, YUMIKO SUZUKI, CHISATO NISHINARI, ...
    1999 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 469-477
    Published: June 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Antimicrobial activities of cefetamet (CEMT) against clinically isolated strains from patients with communityacquired respiratory tract infections were investigated in comparison with those of other oral β-lactam antibioticsduring the period from January to March, 1998.
    The results are summarized as follows;
    1. CEMT showed strong antimicrobial activities against three major pathogens causing community acquiredrespiratory tract infections, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.However, antimicrobial activities of CEMT against penicillins (PCs)-intermediate S. pneumoniae (PISP) and PCs-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) were slightly weaker than those of some of the reference antibiotics.
    2. No chronological changes of CEMT-MIC level were observed in the antimicrobial activities against S. pyogenes, H. influenzae, Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalisorKlebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae. In contrast to this, due to the increase of PISP and PRSP strains, resistance to CEMT appeares increasing with time.
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  • RIKA ISHIHARA, YUMIKO SUZUKI, CHISATO NISHINARI, YUKIKO ISHII, YOSHIHI ...
    1999 Volume 52 Issue 6 Pages 478-490
    Published: June 25, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated clinical and bacteriological effects of cefetamet pivoxil (CEMT-PI) on community-acquiredrespiratory tract infection and obtained the following results: This method of investigation was almost the sameto those adopted in 1994 and 1996.
    1.512 cases of respiratory tract infection were treated with CEMT-PI under the same protocol at a total of53 institutions in Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba and Yamanashi prefectures from January, 1, 1998 over March, 31, 1998. Outpatients accounted for 99.7% of all subjects. Diagnoses given to these patients includedpharyngolaryngitis (51.4%), tonsillitis (37.7%), and acute bronchitis (10.1%).
    2. For the bacteriological study, a manual detailing the method of collecting specimens, storage and transportwas distributed to the above-mentioned institutions. The isolation and identification of suspected causativebacteria, determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and investigation of β-lactamase productionwere conducted all together at Section of Studies, Tokyo Clinical Research Center. Suspected causative bacteriawere detected in 144 (37.2%) out of 387 cases that were the analytical subjects of the clinical efficacy. Themajor bacteria identified were 32 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 19 strains of Haemophilus influenzae.The clinical efficacy (the ratio of improvement) of CEMT by suspected causative bacterium was 84.4% againstCEMT-indicated organisms and 81.2% against CEMT-non-indicated organisms.
    3. We investigated clinical efficacy rates (the ratio of “markedly improved”+“improved”) by disease. Theimprovement rate was 78.4% in pharyngolaryngitis, 87.0% in tonsillitis, and 79.5% in acute bronchitis. The clinical efficacy rate was an average of 81.9% in all CEMT-PI indicated diseases.
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