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Volume 53, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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TOSHIMI KIMURA, HIDEYA KOKUBUN, SHIGEHIKO SHIMADA, MAKOTO NISHISAKO, M ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 185-193
Published: April 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pharmacokinetics of panipenem /batamipron (Carbenin®; PAPM/BP) wasstudied in 17 neonates of the postconceptional age (PCA) of 25.6 to 43.1weeks. PAPM/BP was administered at 10mg/kg to 20mg/kg every 12hours over 60 minutes by intravenous infusion. Blood samples were obtained just prior to the infusion, one or two hours and six hours after the infusion. All the data for the 85 serum PAPM concentrations were analyzed by one-compartment model using a nonlinear mixed-effect model (NONMEM). The pharmacokinetic parameters in these population are given below: CLPAPM; 0.239±0.206 (L/hr), VDPAPM; 0.97±0.80 (L), Half Life; 3.1±0.5 (hr). Half life in the patients with PCA<34 (2.66±0.44hr) were significantly lower (p<0.001) than that with PCA 34 (3.39±0.23hr). Our results suggest that postnatal alterations in the PAPM excretion are related to maturational changes in the renal function and that we should consider the values of PCA when determining the initial PAPM/BP dosing regimen in neonates. We conclude that the dosage of 10mg/kg to 20mg/kg every 12hours are adequate treatment for neonatal infectious disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (879K) -
YOSHIKO YAMASHIRO, NAOKO OGAKE, MASAHIRO TAKAHATA, SHINZABURO MINAMI2000 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 194-200
Published: April 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in vitro interactions of piperacillin (PIPC) and imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) combined with 5 kinds of aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin (AMK), isepamicin and netilmicin) were investigated against IPM/CS-susceptible (MIC of IPM/CS was<3.13μg/ml) and IPM/CS-resistant (MIC of IPM/CS was >12.5μ/ml) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The following results were obtained.
1. In the checkerboard dilution studies, the combinations of PIPC with aminoglycosides showed synergistic effect for more than 50% of the each 54 strains of IPM/CS-susceptible and IPM/CS-resistant P. aeruginosa. The synergistic/additive effects of PIPC with aminoglycosides were demonstrated for all tested strains.
2. In the checkerboard dilution studies, the combinations of IPM/CS with aminoglycosides showed no antagonism against any strains. The synergistic effects of IPM/CS with aminoglycosides were demonstrated for 0 to 14.8%, and these values were smaller than the combinations of PIPC with aminoglycosides.
3. Corresponding to the results of checkerboard dilution studies, the combination of PIPC with AMK was more effective than the combination of IPM/CS with AMK on the killing curve for IPM-resistant P. aeruginosa.
In conclusion, PIPC showed the synergistic effects in combinations with aminoglycosides against IPM/CSresistant P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that the combination therapies of PIPC with aminoglycosides are useful for the clinical treatment of serious infections due to P. aeruginosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
YOSHIAKI KUMAMOTO, TAIJI TSUKAMOTO, TAKAOKI HIROSE, MASANORI MATSUKAWA ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 201-233
Published: April 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe frequencies of bacterial isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 538 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 hospitals during the period of June 1998 to May 1999. Of the above bacterial isolates, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.3% and Gramnegative bacteria accounted for 69.7%.
Susceptibilities of several isolated bacteria to antimicrobial agents were as follows; against Enterococcus faecalis isolated from patients with UTIs, vancomycin (VCM), ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM) had strong activities. Among E. faecalis strains, those with low susceptibilities to all drugs have increased in 1998, compared with those in 1997. VCM showed the highest activity against MRSA isolated from patients with UTIs. The MICs of VCM for all 34 strains were equal to or lower than 2μg/ml. Arbekacin (ABK) was also active against MRSA with the MIC90s of 2μg/ml. Against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, all drugs except penicillins were active. Particularly, meropenem (MEPM) showed the highest activiy with the MICs of 0.125g/ml or below. Almost all the drugs except minocycline (MINO) showed high activities against ProtμEus mirabilis. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all drugs were not so active, with the MIC90s of 16μg/ml or above. MEPM, IPM and gentamicin (GM) showed high activities against Serratia marcescens. Generally, it seemed that resistant strains of S. marcescens had decreased since 1996.View full abstractDownload PDF (2414K) -
YOSHIAKI KUMAMOTO, TAIJI TSUKAMOTO, TAKAOKI HIROSE, MASANORI MATSUKAWA ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 234-248
Published: April 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClinical background was investigated on 449 patients with urinary tract infections(UTIs)from whom 591 bacterial strains were isolated in 9 hospitals during the period from June, 1998 through May, 1999.
About distribution of age and sex of patients and type of infections, among males, patients less than 50years old were few, and uncomplicated UTIs without indwelling catheters was most frequent. Among females, patients less than 20 years old were few, and uncomplicated was most frequent. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated in uncomplicated UTIs, and the higher the ages of patients, the higher were became the isolation frequencies of Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus spp. and Klebsiella spp. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheters and without indwelling catheters, the types of pathogens had no relation with ages. The complication of infections had decreased E. coli but that had increased Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Until last year, use of antibiotics had decreased pathogens isolated from patients with uncomplicated UTIs drastically in our study. But, pathogens isolated after antibiotics had increased in 1998. As for surgical procedures and types of causative organisms in UTIs, E. faecalis were more isolated when surgical procedures were experienced, and E. coli were more isolated when they were not in uncomplicated and complicated UTIs without indwelling catheters. In complicated UTIs with indwelling catheters, types of causative organisms had no relationship with surgical procedures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1801K) -
2000 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 249-260
Published: April 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1140K)
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