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Volume 53, Issue 7
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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MAKOTO SUNAGAWA, KATSUNORI KANAZAWA, HIROSHI NOUDA2000 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 479-511
Published: July 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo date, three carbapenem antibiotics have been introduced for clinical use, and they can be structurally classified into two types. One is a natural type that has the naturally-occurring carbapenem skeleton and a strongly basic (cationic) moiety in the C-2 side chain, like imipenem or panipenem. The other is a new generation carbapenem, meropenem, which has the 1β-methyl carbapenem skeleton and a less basic group in the C-2 side chain. It was reported that there were some significant differences among these two types of carbapenems concerning the antimicrobial profile, especially the antipseudomonal activity. Since Pseudomonas aeruginosa was one of the target pathogens of carbapenem antibiotics, these facts prompted us to overview the different mode of action among imipenem, panipenem and meropenem and clarify the structure-activity relationships of carbapenems with regard to the antipseudomonal activities.
In this article, we discuss that both the chemical structure and the physicochemical properties of carbapenems greatly influence a variety of antipsedomonal actions including MIC, affinity for PBPs, outer membrane permeability, interaction with various β-lactamases and multidrug efflux systems etc., and that the cationic center in the C-2 side chain plays an important role in antipseudomonal activities. This review will be helpful in developing new types of antipseudomonal carbapenems and/or new clinical applications of carbapenem antibiotics for treating pseudomonal infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (3782K) -
KUMIKO SUGITA, EIJI WAKAMIYA, TADAFUMI NISHIMURA, SUMIKO HIJIOKA, YUKO ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 512-521
Published: July 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne hundred and thirteen strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) were isolated from the clinical specimens of patients with respiratory tract infections between January and December 1998 in three hospitals in Hokusetsu area of Osaka.
We investigated susceptibility of 113 strains of S. pneumoniae to benzylpenicillin (PCG) and other antimicrobial agents and their serotypes.
1) Of the 113 strains of S. pneumoniae isolated, 25.7% were susceptible (PSSP), 51.3% were intermediate (PISP) and 23% were resistant to benzylpenicillin (PRSP).
2) The MICs of cefaclor, cefditoren, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, erythromycin, clindamycin and minocycline were elevated, but the MIC values of cefditoren ranged from_??_0.03 to 1.0 μg/mi. The susceptibility of 113 strains to cefditoren was comparatively high.
3) The MIC values of imipenem, meropenem and vancomycin for 81 strains of PISP and PRSP ranged from_≤_0.015 to 1.0μg/ml, from _??_0.015 to 2.0μg/ml and from 0.13 to 0.5μg/ml, respectively. The susceptibility of these strains to three ntimicrobial agents was superior to that to the other antimicrobial agents examined.
4) Of the 60 strains examined, 19, 6, and 23 serotypes were 30, 25 and 18.3%, respectively. The three serotypes were observed in PISP and PRSP with a high frequency.
5) Isolates of S. pneumoniae were 37.2% for children under 2 years of age and 30.9% for children from 2 to 6 years of age. Most of the strains isolated from these children were resistant.View full abstractDownload PDF (1057K) -
MASAFUMI FUKUYAMA, KATUNORI FURUHATA, KENJI OONAKA, TETSURO HARA, KEIS ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 7 Pages 522-531
Published: July 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in vitro antibacterial activities of fosfomycin (FOM) and 3 fluoroquinolones against Salmonella spp., pathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp. and Shigella spp. were investgated. The activity upon the environmental condition in the inflammation was compared with standard condition in vitro. On standard condition, the MIC90 of tosfloxacin (TFLX), norfloxacin (NFLX) and levofloxacin (LVFX) against E. coli (77strains), Shigella spp.(50) and Salmonella spp.(41) were _≤_0.025-0.10, 0.10, and 0.05μg/ml, respectively. The MIC90 of FOM against those organisms was 0.39-1.56μg/ml. The MIC90 of TFLX, NFLX, LVFX against Campylobacter spp. were 6.25,100 and 3.13μg/ml, respectively. The MIC90 of FOM was 50μg/ml. The activity of FOM was unaffected by pH and in anaerobic condition. On the other hand, the activity of NFLX was decreased in low pH and in anaerobic condition. In the presence of horse blood and addition of Na+, the activities of both agents were unaffected. These results suggested that FOM is equally active with or superior to fluoroquinolone in the intestinal infection treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K)
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