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Volume 53, Issue 8
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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KEIJI MASHITA, NAGAO SHINAGAWA, KOICHI HIRATA, TADASHI KATSURAMAKI, MI ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 533-565
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe annual multicenter studies on isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery and heir antimicrobial susceptibility have been conducted in 19 facilities in Japan since July 1982. This paper describes the results obtained during the period from April 1997 to March 1998.
The number of cases investigated as objectives was 215 for one year. A total of 420 strains (170 strains from primary infections and 250 strains from postoperative infections) were isolated from 174 cases (80.9% of total cases). In primary infections, the isolation rate of anaerobic bacteria was higher than in postoperative infections, while in postoperative infections, those of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were higher than in primary infections.
Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Enterococcus faecalis was the highest, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, which was frequently isolated from postoperative infections. Among anaerobic Gram positive bacteria, Peptostreptococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were commonly isolated from both types of infections. Among aerobic Gramnegative bacteria, Escherichia coli was most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae in this order, and from postoperative infections, P. aeruginosa was most predominantly isolated, followed by E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Amonganaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Bacteroides fragilis group was the majority of isolates from both types of infections.
We found neither vancomycin nor arbekacin resistant strains of S. aureus, and found no vancomycin resistant strains of Enterococcus spp. The susceptibility of P. aeruginosa against carbapenems did not decline in the year 1997, while resistance of B. fragilis group against cephems advanced increasingly.View full abstractDownload PDF (3250K) -
IN REFERENCE TO MRSA, PRSP, BLNAR AND P. aeruginosaKAORU MATSUZAKI, HIDEAKI KOYAMA, KAORU OMIKA, MIYUKI HASEGAWA, YUMIE S ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 566-572
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated antibacterial activities of piperacillin (PIPC) for several resistant strains of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infections from 1998 to 1999 in comparison with reference drugs and obtained the following results:
1. The majority of methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showed high resistance to β-lactam antibiotics including PIPC.
2. MIC90 of PIPC was 1 and 4μg/ml for penicillin intermediate and penicillin resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (PISP/PRSP), respectively.
3. MIC90 of PIPC was 0.25μg/ml for β-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae (BLNAR), showing higher antibacterial activity than the reference drugs.
4. PIPC exhibited the MICs of 8μg/ml or less in 19 out of 40 IPM resistant (MIC≥16μg/ml) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
From these results, PIPC is proved to possess extremely favorable antibacterial activities for BLNAR, and it was suggested that PIPC might be a drug of choice even for PISP/PRSP and IPM resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.View full abstractDownload PDF (707K) -
KAORU MATSUZAKI, HIDEAKI KOYAMA, KAORU OMIKA, MIYUKI HASEGAWA, YUMIE S ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 573-581
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated activity of piperacillin (PIPC) in comparison with 8 antibacterial reference drugs against several fresh clinical strains isolated from patients with infectious diseases in the respiratory tract and after surgical interventions in 1999. The following results were obtained:
1. PIPC had its MIC90 of 0.12-6 μg/ml in Gram-positive bacteria (Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis) and showed its MIC of 1μg/ml or higher in 9 possible PRSP strains out of 38 isolates of S. pneumoniae but there were no possible isolates with evident resistance in other species of bacteria.
2. PIPC showed favorable antibacterial activities as its MIC90 were 2-8μg/ml in Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae), except for P. mirabilis in which its MIC90 was as high as 64μg/ml. 11 out of 39 isolates of P. mirabilis were resistant to other drugs such as PIPC, ABPC, CTM and CZOP.
3. PIPC had its MIC90 of >128 μg/ml in Bacteroides fragilis.
From these results, PIPC was considered highly effective in several infections in view of maintaining its favorable antibacterial activities in several causative bacteria even today when 20 years had passed since its first application to clinical practice.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
RITSUKO HORI, MASAKO SHIMAKURA, YOKO ARAMATA, KAZUO KIZAWA, ISAO NOZAW ...2000 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 582-591
Published: August 25, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNephrotoxicity of piperacillin(PIPC)was evaluated in rats after combined administration with furosemide. After intravenous administration of PIPC(1600mg/kg), the rats showed no change in urinalysis, biochemical analysis of plasma and histopathological analysis. The rats receiving furosemide(100mg/kg)showed elevation of urinary NAG, BUN and creatinine concentrations, and showed slight degeneration of the renal proximal tubules. The rats receiving PIPC(1600mg/kg)and furosemide(100mg/kg)showed elevation of BUN and creatinine concentrations, and showed slight degeneration of the proximal tubules. These changes were comparable to those in rats receiving furosemide alone. The rats receiving cephaloridine(1600mg/kg)showed elevation of urinary protein, BUN and creatinine concentrations, and showed moderate degeneration and necrosis of the proximal tubules. The nephrotoxicity was enhanced by combination with furosemide. In conclusion, no enhanced effect of nephrotoxicity was observed by combination of PIPC with furosemide.View full abstractDownload PDF (7534K)
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