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Volume 56, Issue 1
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 1-14
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (21823K) -
NAGAO SHINAGAWA, KENJI SUZUKI, MAKOTO ODA, YOICHI ISHIZUKA, NOBORU YAM ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 15-26
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA questionnaire survey on postoperative infection prophylaxis was conducted to achieve the consensus on the perioperative antimicrobial use among otolaryngologists in Japan during the period of time from April to July 2000. Fifty-two out of 84 otolaryngologists replied, and the following consensus was obtained. An antimicrobial prophyaxis (AMP) agent should be chosen based on their efficacy against the pathogens expected to be contaminants, such as Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacteroides fragilis group; Use an AMP agent that achieves a bactericidal concentrations in both the serum and operating site. Use an AMP agent that has little unfavourable side effects. Newer agents should be considered as therapeutics for postoperative infections.
Therapeutic antimicrobial agents having no cross-resistance to the AMP agents should be used, if postoperative infection is suspected or developed. The most commonly used agent for clean operations is cefazolin (CEZ), followed by cefotiam (CTM) and piperacillin (PIPC), in this order. For clean-contaminated operations, the most commonly used agent is CEZ, followed by flomoxef (FMOX) and CTM.View full abstractDownload PDF (1489K) -
MASAKO MAEKAWA, YOSHIKO FUKUDA, YOKO SUGIURA, TOMOKO KAMIYAMA, NAOKO F ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 27-35
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tosufloxacin (TFLX), levofloxacin (LVFX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), gatifloxacin (GFLX), sparfloxacin (SPFX), azithromycin (AZM), cefteram (CFTM), cefdinir (CFDN) and cefpodoxime (CPDX) against 337 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Japanese hospital from 1997 to 2002 were investigated by agar plate method. The incidence of penicillin-susceptible S. pneumoniae (PSSP), penicillin-intermediate resistant S. pneumoniae (PISP), and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP) in each year was studied, and the MICs of antibacterial agents against these strains were determined.
As the results, the total incidence of PSSP, PISP, and PRSP was 51.0%, 40.4% and 8.6%, respectively. The incidences of PSSP from 1997 to 2002 were 46.0-55.9%, and were almost definite in each year. In quinolone antibiotics, the differences of antibacterial activity among TFLX, SPFX, and GFLX against PSSP, PISP, and PRSP, were not observed, and these 3 quinolones had potent antibacterial activity. Although CPFX and LVFX showed antibacterial activity as well as other quinolones by 2001, the CPFX-resistant or LVFX-intermediate resistant strains of PSSP were seen with 56.5% and 91.3% in 2002, respectively. Thirty percents of each PSSP, PISP, and PRSP strains were AZM-resistant strains. Such tendency of increase was recognized in PSSP.Against cephem antibiotics, the incidence of intermediate resistant and resistant strains was higher for PISP and PRSP than for PSSP. No difference in the incidence of resistant strains was noted among CFTM, CFDN, and CPDX.View full abstractDownload PDF (999K) -
MAKIKO TABATA, MASAKI SHIMIZU, MINAKO ARAAKE, HIROSHI OGAWA2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 36-43
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe susceptibilityto arbekacin (ABK) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated to find out how it related to aac (6′) /aph (2″) gene.
In 49 isolates of MRSA for which MIC of ABK ranged from 0.125 to 64μg/ml, the MICs of ABK for 38 strains carrying aac (6′) /aph (2″) gene were widely distributed from 0.25 to 64, whereas those for 11 strains without that gene were all ≤0.5μg/ml.
Residual rate of ABK activity was higher than that of gentamicin after the reaction with each crude enzyme preparation extracted from 3 isolates of MRSA, carrying aac (6′) /aph (2″) and aad (4′, 4″) genes.
Furthermore, 97 strains of MRSA isolated at Kanagawa prefecture in Japan in 1999 were all sensitive to ABK, although 28 strains of them carried aac (6′) /aph (2″) gene.
These results showed that ABK resistance was not necessarily related to carrying aac (6′) /aph (2″) gene in clinical isolates of MRSA.View full abstractDownload PDF (3046K) -
KAZUO KIZAWA, MIYONO MIYAZAKI, MINEKO NAGASAWA, NAOKO OGAKE, AKIO NAGA ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 44-54
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe protective effect of pazufloxacin (PZFX) mesilate, a parenteral quinolone antimicrobial agent, on arbekacin (ABK)-induced nephrotoxicity was evaluated with 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were injected with ABK at a dose of 32mg/kg intramuscularly, or a combination of ABK in the same manner with PZFX mesilate at a dose of 208mg/kg (160mg/kg convert to PZFX, active principle of PZFX mesilate) intravenously once a day for 4days. In consequent, ABK induced increases in protein, β2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-β-(D)-glucosaminidase in urine, and histopathological phospholipidosis in kidneys. The extent of these changes was reduced when ABK was given in a combination with PZFX mesilate. Renal cortex level of ABK increased after an administration of ABK 1 hour to 4 hours; however, the increase was suppressed by coadministration of PZFX mesilate. Taken together, these results suggest that PZFX mesilate has the protective effect on ABK-induced nephrotoxicity, and that this was attributable to a suppression of uptake of ABK in cortical renal tubules.View full abstractDownload PDF (4395K) -
YOSHIHITO OTSUKA, YUKIO SHIMAMURA, TAKAKO YOSHIBE, TAKAYUKI EZAKI2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 55-60
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe clinically evaluated the efficacy of the combination therapy of teicoplanin (TEIC) with cefmetazole (CMZ) in two patients, one (case 1) had developed surgical site infection and the other (case 2) mediastinitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after cardiovascular surgeries. TEIC (400mg twice a day on day-1 and 400mg once a day thereafter) was administered intravenously immediately after the end of drip infusion of CMZ (1.0g twice a day). Both patients showed marked improvement on the 5th-day. The isolated MRSA from these two cases were subjected to the in vitro studies and synergistic effects between TEIC and CMZ were recognized under the checkerboard method.
Thus, the favorable effects of the combination therapy might be attributable to the synergy between TEIC and CMZ recognized in vitro.
These results suggest that the combination therapy of TEIC with CMZ may be useful in the treatment of severe MRSA infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (2988K) -
EFFICACY OF DOSAGE OF ITRACONAZOLETOMOMI TOUBAI, JUNJI TANAKA, FUMIE FUJISAWA, YOKO KONDO, MASAHIRO IMAM ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 61-65
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProphylactic effect of itraconazole (ITCZ) in mycosis associated with hematological malignancy was studied. In a total of 12 patients of hematological malignancy addmitted to Hokkaido University Hospital from April, 2001 to March, 2002, six patients received 100mg per day of ITCZ and the other six received 200mg per day of ITCZ. ITCZ was administrated from the starting of chemotherapy, and from the time point capable of oral administration in bone marrow transplantation patients. ITCZ administration was finished based on docter's judgement. As the results of this study, three cases with 100mg per day of ITCZ had mycosis, but none with 200 mg per day of this drug had it. Mild itching associated with ITCZ was found only one case. In conclusion, we suggest that ITCZ is effective and safe drug in terms of prophylaxis of mycosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (550K) -
2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 66-79
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1377K) -
2003 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 80-92
Published: February 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3953K)
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