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Volume 56 (2003)
- Issue 6 Pages 531-
- Issue 5 Pages 341-
- Issue 4 Pages 249-
- Issue 3 Pages 149-
- Issue 2 Pages 93-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 56, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2003 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 249-258
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
KAORU SHIMADA2003 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 259-271
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVancomycin Hydrochloride for Intravenous Infusion (VCM) was launched as a therapeutic agent for infections caused by Methicillin-Cephem Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in October 1991. The results of the post-marketing surveillance conducted in accordance with GPMSP for 6 years after the launchare as follows.
The population studied included 3,037 patients administered this drug intravenously at 1,099 institutions across Japan from October 1991 through September 1997, and among which, 28 patients were excluded because the follow-up was impossible. Consequently, 3,009 patients were included in the safety evaluation and 2,827 patients in the efficacy evaluation, excluding 182 patients due to the off-label use, etc. The daily dosage of this drug was 40mg/kg for pediatric patients and 1 or 2g for adult/elderly patients, and the duration of treatment was commonly 1-3 weeks. The daily dosage and the duration of treatment tended to be decreased over years. The improvement rate by disease was in the 70 to 79% range for respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia, and 80% or more for other diseases such as sepsis and osteomyelitis. With respect to the bacteriological efficacy against MRSA, the eradication rate was 66.9%. The number of cases with adverse drug reactions including clinical laboratory abnormalities was 404 patients (13.43%) and a total of 561 adverse drug reactions were reported. Although there was no trend of particularly high frequency of adverse drug reactions even among elderly patients.
Based on the above, VCM is a highly useful drug, which is reliably expected to be effective against MRSA infections, and it seems that VCM should be administered promptly to patients in which MRSA has been identified as a causative pathogen. For the use of VCM, if the optimum dose and mode of administration are selected while taking account of the age and renal function, adverse drug reactions can also be reduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (3601K) -
MITSUHIRO KANEDA, JUNKO TSUDA, NAMI IIDA, TOMOMI IGARASHI, HAKUJU TAJI ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 272-280
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince convulsions associated with the concurrent administration of enoxacin and fenbufen were reported in 1986, the concurrent administration of quinolones and anti-inflammatory drugs has been regulated to be contraindicated or carefully administered. However, the real incidence of the co-administration is not clear. We surveyed the incidence of co-administration of these drugs from the prescriptions in a community hospital. Quinolones were prescribed in 1% of the out-patients, and anti-inflammatory drugs were co-administrated in 16% of quinolone-prescribed patients. Among quinolones prescribed, levofloxacin was used most frequently. And acetaminphen (including acetaminophen-combination) was most frequently prescribed with quinolones, and anti-inflammatory drugs, which is regulated to be carefully administrated with quinolones, were frequently co-prescribed. In medical practice, quinolones were revealed to be co-administered with anti-inflammatory drugs. Since our recent report suggests that each quinolone and each anti-inflammatory drug has different activity in their drug interaction, it should be necessary to recognize the interaction of these drugs separately for their effective and safe use in clinical field.View full abstractDownload PDF (1097K) -
TADAFUMI NISHIMURA, KUMIKO SUGITA, KYOUJI TANIGUCHI, TAKASHI UEMURA, Y ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 281-288
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical efficacy and safety of clarithromycin (CAM) and cefdinir (CFDN) were evaluated in 65 pediatric outpatients with group A β-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis. Treatment was “effective” or better in 26 (78.8%) children receiving CAM and in 27 (87.1%) receiving CFDN based on antigen clearance and the “Criteria for Evaluation in Clinical Trials of Antibacterial Agents in Children” proposed by Japan Society of Chemotherapy (p=NS). The causative organisms were eradicated in 94.7% and 93.8% of subjects in the CAM and CFDN groups, respectively (p=NS). Adverse drug reactions were limited to moderate diarrhea in one patient in each group, and subsided during treatment. Causative organisms exhibited good susceptibility to CAM and CFDN.
These results suggest excellent efficacy, safety and usefulness of CAM and CFDN in the treatment of group A β-hemolytic streptococcal tonsillopharyngitsis in children.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K) -
MASAKI FUJITA, MINORU YOSHIDA, TSUNEO ISHIBASHI, NOBUYUKI HARA, HOZUMI ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 289-293
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo verify the indication of intravenous fluoroquinolone in guideline for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia published in Japanese Resipratory Society, the effect of intravenous ciprofloxacin was investigated in this study. 49 cases of community-acquired pneumonia were treated by intravenous ciprofloxacin. Total response rate was 77.1%. 66.7% of response rate was achieved even in the cases which other antibiotics had been already introduced and failed. The data of this study indicated that intravenous ciprofloxacin was one of the effective and appropriate therapeutics for community-acquired pneumonia in adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
I. GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAYUMIKO SUZUKI, CHISATO NISHINARI, HARUMI ENDO, NOBUYOSHI HIRAMATSU, KA ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 294-308
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (CZOP), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, carbapenems, and penicillins. A total of 1,274 strains in 15 species of Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from January to December, and consisted of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, nterococcus faecium, Enterococcus avium, and Peptostreptococcus spp. CZOP possessed stable antibacterial activities against all strains tested thoughout 6 years. The MIC90 of CZOP against MRSA and S. haemolyticus tended to decrease while against S. pneumoniae and Peptostreptococcus spp., tended to increase year by year. However, the MIC90 just changed a little and were consistent with the results from the studies performed until the new drug application approval. Increases in the MIC90 against S. pneumoniae were also observed with ceftazidime (CPR), cefepime (CFPM), flomoxef (FMOX), sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), and imipenem (IPM). Increases in the MIC90 against Peptostreptococcus spp. were also observed with FMOX, SBT/CPZ, and IPM. In conclusion, the annual antibacterial activities of CZOP against the Gram-positive bacteria did not considerably change. It, therefore, was suggested that CZOP had maintained high antibacterial activity during 6 years of post marketing.View full abstractDownload PDF (1192K) -
II. GRAM-NEGATIVEBACTERIAYUMIKO SUZUKI, CHISATO NISHINARI, HARUMI ENDO, NOBUYOSHI HIRAMATSU, KA ...2003 Volume 56 Issue 4 Pages 309-335
Published: August 25, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThein vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (CZOP), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2001 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems and carbapenems. A total of 3,245 strains in 32 species of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from January to December, and consisted of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabillis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providenciaspp.(P. akalifaciens, P. rettgeri, P. stuartii), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobactor baumannii, Acinetobactor lwoffii, Bacteroides fragilisgroup (B. fragilis, B. vulgatus, B. distasonis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron), and Prevotella spp.(P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia, P. bivia, P. oralis, P. denticola). CZOP possessed stable antibacterial activities against M.(B.) catarrhalis, E. coli, C. freundii, C. koseri, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, M. morganii, Providencia spp., P. aeruginosa, and A. lwoffii throughout 6 years. The MIC90 of CZOP against those strains were consistent with those obtained from the studies performed until the new drug application approval. On the other hand, the MIC90 of CZOP againstH. influenzae yearly obviously increased with approximately 64-time difference during the study period. The MIC90 of cefpirome, cefepime, and flomoxef againstH. influenzae also yearly tended to rise. The present results demonstrated that CZOP had maintained the antibacterial activity against almost Gram-negative strains tested. However, the decrease in antibacterial activities of CZOP against B. cepacia, andH. influenzae was suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (1863K)
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