The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ESBL-PRODUCING Escherichia coli AND Klebsiella pneumoniae TO VARIOUS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS

TATSUYA NAKAMURA, MASARU KOMATSU

2005 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: February 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11553/antibiotics1968b.58.1

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With the increasing use of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, the increase in various drug-resistant bacterial strains has become a concern in recent years. Especially, the development of drug-resistance by Enterobacteriaceae which significantly affects therapy and prognosis in sepsis andlower gastrointestinal postoperative infection. The extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated in the Surveillance Program of Bacterial Resistance in Kinki region of Japan (SBRK) were supplied between November 2000 and March 2003. The susceptibilities of them to 16 kinds of antimicrobial agents were investigated. The number of them was 48 strains consisting of 36 Escherichia coli strains (75%) and 12 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (25%). Our focus was on carbapenem and the new quinolone antibacterial agents. Among the 16 major antibacterial agents examined, carbapenem had low MIC50/90 values. Meropenem had a MIC50/90 of 0.03/0.06 μg/ml, followed by biapenem (0.12/0.5), imipenem (0.25/0.5) and panipenem (0.25/0.5). Among cephem, ceftazidime had the lowest MIC50 at 4μg/ml. All four of the cephem agents had a MIC90 of greater than 128μg/ml. Among beta-lactamase inhibitors, tazobactam/piperacillin had the lowest MIC50 at 4μg/ml, and sulbactam/cefoperazone had a MIC50 of 32μg/ml. Among the new quinolones, prulifloxacin had the lowest MIC50 at 1μg/ml, and the other drugs had a MIC50 of 2μg/ml. The resistance rate of ciprofloxacin was 61.1% in E. coli and 16.6% in K. pneumoniae. Comparison of drug-sensitivity to cephem by ESBL-gene type revealed that cefpirome, cefepime and cefozopran had higher MIC50/90 values against the CTX-M group with a MIC50, of greater than 128μg/ml. Ceftazidime and aztreonam had higher MIC50/90 values against the TEM/SHV group than those against the CTX-M group. In the CTX-M group, the MIC50 was 4 and 16μg/ml, respectively.

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COMBINATION EFFECT OF PAZUFLOXACIN AND ANTI-MRSA DRUGS AGAINST β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC INDUCED VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT MRSA (BIVR)

CHIE YANAGISAWA, HIDEAKI HANAKI, TOMOHIRO OISHI, KAZUAKI UEHARA, YUKIE ...

2005 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: February 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11553/antibiotics1968b.58.11

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The in vitro combination effects of pazufloxacin (PZFX) with an anti-MRSA drug such as vancomycin (VCM), teicoplanin (TEIC), arbekacin (ABK), minocycline (MINO), rifampicin (RFP) and sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim (ST) were investigated against 26 strains of β-lactam antibiotic induced vancomycin-resistant MRSA (BIVR) by the checkerboard method.
The additive and synergistic effects were observed with the combination of PZFX and VCM (50%, 13/26 strains), PZFX and TEIC (96%, 25/26 strains), PZFX and ABK (65%, 17/26 strains), PZFX and MINO (46%, 12/26 strains), PZFX and ST (54%, 14/26 strains). The synergistic effects were observed with the combination of PZFX and TEIC (4%, 1/26 strains), PZFX and ABK or MINO (15%, 4/26 strains).
The antagonistic effects were observed with only PZFX and MINO (12%, 3/26 strains), others were all indifference.

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IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITES TO LEVOFLOXACIN AND VARIOUS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS OF 11,475 CLINICAL ISOLATES OBTAINED FROM 52 CENTERS IN 2002

KEIZO YAMAGUCHI, AKIRA OHNO, FUSAKO KASHITANI, MORIHIRO IWATA, MAKOTO ...

2005 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 17-44
Published: February 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11553/antibiotics1968b.58.17

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The susceptibilities of bacteria to fluoroquinolones (FQs), especially levofloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents were investigated using 11,475 clinical isolates collected in Japan during 2002.
Methicillin susceptible staphylococci, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, the family of Enterobactericeae, Haemophilus influenzae and Acinetobacter spp. exhibited stable and high susceptibilities to FQs.
The rate of FQs-resistant MRSA was 80-90%, being markedly higher than that of FQs-resistant MSSA. The FQs-resistance rate of MRCNS was also higher than that of MSCNS, however, it was lower than that of MRSA. No FQs-resistant clinical isolates of Salmonella spp. were detected in any of the surveys.
Thirteen of Escherichai coli 696 isolates, 8 of Klebsiella pneumoniae 630 isolates and 33 of Proteus mirabilis3 73 isolates produced extended-spectrumf i-lactamase (ESBL), furthermore6 of 13 in E. coli, 1 of 8 in K. pneumoniae and 14 of 31 ESBL-producing isolates, and in P mirabilis were FQs resistant. Attention should be focused in the future on the emergence of ESBL in relation to FQs resistance.
The rate of FQs-resistant P aeruginosa isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) was 40-60%, while 15-25% of isolates from respiratory tract infection (RTI) were resistant. IMP-1 type metallo beta-lactamase producing organisms were found in 49 of P aeruginosa 1,095 isolates, 7 of S. marcescens 586 isolates and 4 of Acinetobacter spp. 474 isolates, respectively.
Glycopeptide-resistanetn terococcio r S. aureus was not found.

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ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY SURVEILLANCE OF RECENT ISOLATES FROM OPHTHALMOLOGICAL INFECTIONS TO GATIFLOXACIN AND OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS

KAORU MATSUZAKI, HIDEAKI KOYAMA, EMIKO WATABE, MIYUKI HASEGAWA, YUMIE ...

2005 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 45-49
Published: February 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11553/antibiotics1968b.58.45

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The antimicrobial susceptibility of 240 isolates from the ophthalmological infections during July 2003 to March 2004 wasd etermined to gatifloxacin(GFLX), levofloxacin, lomefloxacin and cefmenoxime applicable for ophthalmological infections. The in vitro activities of these drugs against the fresh isolates were compared. The quinolonesin cluding GFLX were potently active against Gram-positive bacteria, except for MRSA, a major causative pathogens for ophthalmologicianl fection. When MIC ranges, MIC₅₀and MIC₉₀of three quinolones were comparedit, was consideredth at the activity of GFLX was the most active of them. GFLX showed to be more active against opportunistic pathogens includingPseudomonas aeruginosa than other antimicrobial agents, and GFLX was especially potent against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis.
In conclusion, GFLX exhibitsa potently active against fresh isolates from ophthalmological infections, and has an effective potential in the treatment of ophthalmological in fections with the drug to administer eye drops.

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[title in Japanese]

2005 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 53-86
Published: February 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11553/antibiotics1968b.58.53

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[title in Japanese]

2005 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 87-98
Published: February 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11553/antibiotics1968b.58.87

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[title in Japanese]

2005 Volume 58 Issue 1 Pages 99-104
Published: February 25, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11553/antibiotics1968b.58.99

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