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Volume 59 (2006)
- Issue 6 Pages 417-
- Issue 5 Pages 323-
- Issue 4 Pages 217-
- Issue 3 Pages 137-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
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Volume 59, Issue 6
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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NAGAO SHINAGAWA, ISAMU MIZUNO, TAKUJI FUKUI, HIROMITSU TAKEYAMA, AKIRA ...2006 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 417-427
Published: December 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFosfomycin (FOM), a drug with unique mechanism of action against bacteria, was prospectively compared with cefmetazole (CMZ) and flomoxef (FMOX) to assess its effectiveness in preventing postoperative infections after upper gastroenterological and hepatobiliary surgery. FOM (2g/dose), CMZ (1g/dose), or FMOX (1g/dose) was infused intravenously 2-3 times daily for basically 4 days including the day of surgery in order to examine whether or not infections would develop after surgery. According to the analysis results of 162 cases, efficacy in preventing infection was 86.8% for FOM, 73.1% for CMZ and 83.3% for FMOX, showing no significant differences among the 3 groups. Thus FOM was considered as efficacious as CMZ or FMOX in prophylaxis against postoperative infections. There were no adverse reactions in the FOM or CMZ group, but 3 cases of adverse reactions occurred in the FMOX group.
Based on the above results, the usefulness of FOM for prophylaxis against postoperative infections has been confirmed. At present, the first-and second-generation cephems are most frequently used for prophylaxis against postoperative infections. In order to prevent an increase of resistant strains due to inappropriate use of these drugs, FOM, having no cross resistance with currently used drugs, is a promising candidate for prophylaxis against postoperative infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (1388K) -
KEIZO YAMAGUCHI, AKIRA OHNO, YOSHIKAZU ISHII, KAZUHIRO TATEDA, MORIHIR ...2006 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 428-451
Published: December 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 18,639 clinical isolates in 19 species collected from 77 centers during 2004 in Japan were tested for their susceptibility to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and other selected antibiotics.The common respiratory pathogens, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzaeshowed a high susceptible rate against FQs. The isolation rate of beta lactamase non-producing ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae was approximately three times as large as those of western countries. Most strains of Enterobacteriaceae were also susceptible to FQs. The resistance rate of Escherichia coli against FQs has however been rapidly increasing so far as we surveyed since 1994. The FQs-resistant rate in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) showed approximately 90% except for 36% of sitafloxacin while FQs-resistant rate in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was around 5%. The FQs-resistant rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) was also higher than that of methicillin-susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci (MSCNS), however, it was lower than that of MRSA. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, 32-34% from UTI and 15-19% of from RTI was resistant to FQs. Acinetobacter spp. showed a high susceptibility to FQs. Although FQs-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae have not been increased in western countries, it is remarkably high in Japan. In this survey, isolates of approximately 85% was resistant to FQs.View full abstractDownload PDF (2601K) -
NAGAO SHINAGAWA, JIRO YURA, HIROMITSU TAKEYAMA, MASAAKI TANIGUCHI2006 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 452-458
Published: December 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBilophila wadsworthia is a recently recognized nonspore-forming anaerobic Gram-negative rod and is reported to be associated with various surgical infections. In the present study, the isolation rate ofB. wadsworthia from surgical specimens and its antimicrobial susceptibilities were examined. Last 5 years, B. wadsworthia was isolated from 46 (5.2%) out of 884 specimens from the surgical abdominal infections.B. wadsworthia was most frequently isolated from secondary peritonitis such as perforated peritonitis, followed by postoperative peritonitis. There is no case of single isolation of B. wadsworthia. The rate of mixed infectionwith Bacteroides spp.(24.8%) was highest, followed by Escherichia coli (11.6%) and Enterococcus spp.(10.1%). Although B. wadsworthia was highly resistant to many β-lactam antibiotics, clindamycin showed strongest activities with MIC90 of 1μg/mL, followed by minocycline and ciprofloxacin with 4μg/mL, and levofloxacin with 8μg/mL, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1162K) -
HIROSHIGE MIKAMO, KAORI TANAKA, KUNITOMO WATANABE2006 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 459-467
Published: December 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reasonable data on the basis of a PK/PD theory in clinical practice would be provided by the analysis in consideration of renal function because the excretion of meropenem mainly occurs from kidney. We carried out the simulation with pharmacokinetics of meropenem in consideration of renal function, and investigated whether renal function would affect Time above MIC (T>MIC). The % T>MICs were 18.9%, 35.0%, 49.4%, 61.1% in serum creatinine level 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/dL, respectively, when MIC of causative organism was assumed to 4μg/mL. Furthermore, we investigated the association between renal function and clinical efficacy in three patients with peritonitis, who received meropenem. We conclude that the simulation in consideration of renal function would be useful in PK/PD-based analysis, and would give the clinically useful data in clinical practices.View full abstractDownload PDF (8122K) -
HIROSHIGE MIKAMO, KAORI TANAKA, KUNITOMO WATANABE2006 Volume 59 Issue 6 Pages 468-473
Published: December 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the efficacies of various administration methods for levofloxacin (LVFX) and tosufloxacin (TFLX) against 161 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and 309 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in Gifu prefecture, using Monte Carlo simulation. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the fluoroquinolones were calculated from changes in blood concentration in healthy adults. Monte Carlo simulation was performed for 1,000 times to determine the AUC/MIC target attainment rates for various administration methods for fluoroquinolones (LVFX: 100mg×3,200mg×2,500mg×1, TFLX: 150mg×3,300mg×2) with Crystal Ball 7. For S. pneumoniae, target attainment rates of AUC/MIC; 30 were 47.18%, 75.54%, 89.16%, 93.63% and 98.63% for LVFX 100mg×3, LVFX 200mg×2, LVFX 500mg×1, TFLX 150mg×3 and TFLX 300mg×2, respectively. For H. influenzae, target attainment rates of AUC/MIC; 125 were 99.20%, 99.05%, 99.54%, 99.66% and 100% for LVFX 100mg×3, LVFX 200mg×2, LVFX 500mg×1, TFLX 150mg×3 and TFLX 300mg×2, respectively. These results suggest that administration methods might have a large impact on the efficacy of treatment with oral fluoroquinolones, and to determine administration method based on PK/PD would be important in clinical practices.View full abstractDownload PDF (4906K)
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