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Volume 59, Issue 1
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (19179K) -
SHIGEFUMI MAESAKI, TOSHIYUKI YAMAGUCHI, GIICHI HASHIKITA, MASAHARU WAT ...2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 11-20
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effectiveness of antibacterial agents against 70 strains of clinically isolated multiple-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) was measured by the micro dilution method. Fifty of all strains (71%) produced metallo-β-lactamase and the IMP-1 gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MIC90 (the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic necessary to inhibit the growth of 90% of bacterial strains) values of biapenem (BIPM), meropenem (MEPM), tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC), sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), cefepime (CFPM), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), pazufloxacin (PZFX), amikacin (AMK) and aztreonam (AZT) were found to be 265, 512, 256, 512, 512, 64, 128, 128 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. The in vitro combination effects of antibacterial agents were examined against 62 strains of MDRP and the synergy or additive effects were evaluated by fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index calculated by the checkerboard method. The combination of AMK and AZT showed synergy effects on 15/59 (25.4%) strains of MDRP. The synergy and additive effects on the MDRP strains were also found by the other antibacterial agents combination such as TAZ/PIPC and AMK, CFPM and AMK, and SBT/CPZ and AZT. These results suggested the necessity of further investigation of clinical usefulness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1247K) -
SHINICHI ETA, MOTOSHI KAWAHARA2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the agar dilution method, the antibacterial activity of 18 antibiotics inclusive of 4 carbapenems were investigated against 101 strains of urinary pathogens isolated from patients with urinary tract infections who visited the Department of Urology at Kagoshima University Hospital, between January and December 2002. 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 3 strains of Staphylococcus spp.(exclusive of S. aureus), 14 strains of Enterococcus faecalis, 3 strains of Enterococcus spp.(exclusive of E. faecalis), 41 strains of Escherichia coli, 21 strains of Enterobacteriaceae (exclusive of E. coli), 12 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 strains of glucose-nonfermentative Gram-negative rods (exclusive of P. aeruginosa) were examined.
1. Against clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria, vancomycin and teicoplanin were active. Additionally, arbekacin was active against S. aureus clinical isolates and ampicillin was active against E. faecalis clinical isolates. Carbapenems were active against clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria, except for multi-drug resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus.
2. As for clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria, meropenem was most active against Enterobacteriaceae among 13 antibiotics tested. Against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, MIC90 of meropenem was the lowest among 13 antibiotics tested. In addition, resistant rate of meropenem and biapenem against P. aeruginosa clinical isolates was lower than those of the other carbapenems tested.
3. As main urinary pathogens showed no remarkable increase in resistance to carbapenems, it can be stated that carbapenems retain their position as the drug of first choice for severe infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1093K) -
TETSURO CHIMURA, KAZUHIKO MURAYAMA2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 29-34
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe clinical findings of genococcal infection (oral and genital) and the clinical effect of ceftiaxone (CTRX) and cefditoren (CDTR) administration were studied in Commercial Sex Workers (CSW). The gonococci were detected by DNA probe method (mouth), PCR method (genitals) and ELISA method (chlamydial antibody detection).
1) In the oral infection group (n=20), chlamydial infection (65%), herpes infection (25%), and genital gonococcal infection (35%) were noted. Pharyngeal pain was observed in 9 out of 9 patients with tonsillitis and 4 out of 11 patients with pharyngitis. High fever and cervical lymphadenopathy were obseived in 3 out of 9 patients with tonsillitis. 40% (8/20) of the partners had infections. Both CTRX administration (1-2g/day×3 days)(n=11) and consecutive administration of CDTR (300mg/day×3-7 days) following CTRX administration (1-2g/days×1-3 days)(n=9) were effective in all patients.
2) In the genital infection group (n=35), chlamydial infection (65.7%), herpes infection (25.7%) and oral gonococcal infection (17.1%) were observed in 3 out of 6 patients with tonsillitis and 3 out of 6 patients with pharyngitis. The treatment was effective in all patients in the CTRX (1-2g/day×2-3 days) group (n=14), CDTR (300mg/day×5-7 days) group (n=5) and consecutive administration of CDTR (300mg/day×3-7days) after CTRX (1-2g/day×1-3 days) and (n=14). In pelvic peritonitis (n=2), CTRX administration (2-4 g/day×3-7 days) were effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (719K) -
HIROSHIGE MIKAMO, TERUHIKO TAMAYA, KAORI TANAKA, KUNITOMO WATANABE2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 35-40
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years, the number of the patients with pharyngeal infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis is believed to be on the rise due to diversification in sexual behaviors. In addition, pharyngeal infection by C.trachomatis is often asymptomatic, and this is also believed to be a major factor for the increase of the disease. In this study, we conducted a survey among general females and commercial sex workers (CSWs) to study their sexual behavior and prevalence of chlamydial infections (in uterine cervix and pharynx). The results showed that orogenital contact has become a common act, even for general females. Chlamydial infections of uterine cervix were found in 33.3% and 7.9% of CSWs and general females, respectively. Chlamydial infections of pharynx were found in 22.5% and 5.2% of CSWs and general females, respectively. The evaluation of treatments of these infections with clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and azithromycin showed that 7, 10, and 14 days administrations of 400 mg clarithromycin, 7, 10, and 14 days administrations of 300 mg levofloxacin, and a single dose of 1000 mg of azithromycin, would eradicate 100% of C. trachomatis for infections of uterine cervix. For pharyngeal infections, 10 and 14 days administrations of clarithromycin and levofloxacin were shown to eradicate 100% of C. trachomatis. However, the eradication rates for 7 days administrations of clarithromycin and levofloxacin were 83.9% and 86.2%, respectively, and the rate for a single dose of azithromycin was 85.0%. From these results, it was thought that more than 10 days of administrations of clarithromycin or fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents such as levofloxacin are necessary to treat pharyngeal chlamydial infection. Clinical significance of pharyngeal chlamydial infection is still not clear; however, this study have shown the need for more detailed investigations using culture assay, in corporation with doctors in otolaryngology and internal medicine.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K) -
RYOICHI SAITO, KENYA SATO, WAKAKO KUMITA, NATSUKO INAMI, HIROYUKI NISH ...2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 41-43
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presence of fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations within the quinolone resistancedertermining region of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV was investigated genetically in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis recovered from patients with urinay tract infections. Two isolates of fluoroquinolone-resistant P.mirabilis possessed the mutations in GyrA (Ser-83→Arg or Ile), GyrB (Ser-464→Tyr or Phe) and ParC (Ser-80→Ile). A novel mutation with Glu-87→4Lys in GyrA, where suggested to be responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance, was identified. These results demonstrate that the presence of an additional mutation at Glu-87 inGyrA may contribute to high-level fluoroquinolone resistance, too.View full abstractDownload PDF (315K) -
2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 44-50
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
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2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
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2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 57-62
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
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2006 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 63-64
Published: February 25, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (246K)
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