The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 2186-5477
Print ISSN : 0368-2781
ISSN-L : 0368-2781
Volume 59, Issue 4
Displaying 1-2 of 2 articles from this issue
  • III. SECULAR CHANGES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY
    YOSHIAKI KUMAMOTO, TAIJI TSUKAMOTO, MASANORI MATSUKAWA, YASUHARU KUNIS ...
    2006 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages 217-315
    Published: August 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from patients diagnosed as urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 14 institutions in Japan were collected between August 2004 and July 2005. The susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were measured. The bacteria were divided into 2 groups consisting of uncomplicated UTIs and complicated UTIs (with and without indwelling catheter) based on their isolation origins. The results were compared with those obtained between 1995 and 2003.
    The drug sensitivity of S. aureus in this year was similar to those in up to the previous year and S. aureus showed the best susceptibility to vancomycin (VCM) and arbekacin (ABK). The drug sensitivity of E. faecalis in this year also was similar to those in up to the previous year. The susceptibility of E. coli to cephems in this year was generally good and was similar to those in up to the previous year. MIC90 of cefozopran (CZOP) was the most stable and 0.125μg/mL or less since 1995. The susceptibility of E. coli to cefpirome (CPR) and cefotiam (CTM) also was good but to cefaclor (CCL), cefixime (CFI), and cefpodoxime (CPDX) was largely decreased in complicated UTI groups. The sensitivity of E. coli to carbapenems also was good but to carumonam (CRMN) tended to decrease. The susceptibility of E. coli to quinolones, however, has largely changed and has decreased since 2003 in uncomplicated UTIs and 2000 in complicated UTIs. That was suggested the development of the resistance to the drug. The susceptibility of Klebsiella spp.to cefazolin (CEZ), CTM, CCL, CPDX, and cefditoren (CDTR) decreased in the previous year and recovered to the year before the previous year in this year. The susceptibility of Klebsiella spp.to other cephems was stable since 1995, especially against CZOP, the highest sensitivity (MIC90: <0.125 μg/mL) was maintained. The susceptibility of Klebsiella spp.to carbapenems and CRMN also was good. The susceptibility of Klebsiella spp.to aminoglycosides was lower than to CZOP but was stable since 1995. The susceptibility of P aeruginosa was generally low and has largely changed against the majority of the agents since 1995. The susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolated from uncomplicated UTIs has largely changed against ceftazidime (CAZ), cefsulodin (CFS), CZOP, imipenem (IPM), meropenem (MEPM), aztreonam (AZT), CRMN, gentamicin (GM), and tobramycin (TOB). The susceptibility of P aeruginosa isolated from complicated UTIs has largely changed against CSF, CZOP, MEPM, GM, and ciprofloxacin (CPFX). The susceptibility of P aeruginosa isolated from complicated UTIs has been stable against amikacin (AMK). For annual changes in MIC50, TOB and IPM had a relatively stable and high activity (MIC50: 0.5-2 μg/mL).
    Download PDF (9058K)
  • KAORU MATSUZAKI, KAORU OMIKA, MIYUKI HASEGAWA, YUMIE SATO, INTETSU KOB ...
    2006 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages 316-320
    Published: August 25, 2006
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Nadifloxacin (NDFX) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.and is used as a topical drug for the treatment of infections in the field of dermatology. We investigated the susceptibility of a total of 575 strains (two kinds of Staphylococcus species and Propionibacterium species which were isolated from patients with dermatological infections for 3 periods, i.e., 1996, 2000 and 2005) to NDFX and other reference antibiotics.
    The minimum inhibitory concentration of the four antibiotics, NDFX, levofloxacin (LVFX), clindamycin (CLDM) and gentamicin (GM), against the test strains were determined by the agar dilution methods, in according with the Japan Society of Chemotherapy.
    The antibacterial activity of NDFX against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis and P acnes was the most potent of all the antibiotics tested, and there were no test organisms which became resistant to NDFX with period. The MIC90values of NDFX for the four test organisms isolated in 2005 were 0.05 ug/mL; MSSA, 1.56 μg/mL; MRSA, 0.78 μg/mL; S. epidermidis and 0.20 μg/mL; P acnes, respectively. On the other hand, there were LVFX-, CLDM-and GM-resistant MRSA. The MIC50 values of CLDM and GM for MRSA were >100 and 25 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC50 value of GM for P acnes was 12.5 μg/mL, but NDFX was potently active against these organisms as compared with these two antibiotics and the MIC50 values of NDFX were 0.05 μg/mL for MRSA and 0.20 μg/mL for P. acnes.
    These results suggest that NDFX is even at present useful as an antibiotic for the treatment of infections in the field of dermatology though it is more than 12 years since the approval to manufacture and sell the drug was obtained in 1993.
    Download PDF (598K)
feedback
Top