The Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 1881-1469
Print ISSN : 0021-8820
ISSN-L : 0021-8820
Volume 21, Issue 5
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES
    YUKIO ITO, YOSHITAMI OHASHI, YUTAKA SAKURAI, MASAHARU SAKURAZAWA, HIRO ...
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 307-312
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Isolation, purification and properties of two new basic water-soluble antibiotics, BD-12 and BY-81, are reported. These antibiotics are considered to be new members of the streptothricin-like group of antibiotics.
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  • THE FATE OF ENDURACIDIN ADMINISTERED PARENTERALLY INTO RABBITS
    SHIGEHARU TANAYAMA, TAKESHI FUGONO, TOSHIYUKI YAMAZAKI
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 313-319
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A rapid mobilization of enduracidin, introduced into the circulation, to each tissue was suggested from the results of intravenous injection and constant infusion studies in which blood levels and excretion into urine and bile were observed. Following intramuscular injection of 2 mg/kg of enduracidin, a plateau in the blood level (approximately 4 mcg/ml) was reached at 2 hours after the injection and this persisted for the next 2 hours and then decreased gradually. Increase in the dose resulted in the prolongation of the plateau, rather than a further rise in the maximum blood level. Except for the brain, enduracidin was found to distribute widely in the tissues including heart, lung, liver, spleen, adrenal, kidney, testis and muscle. Among these tissues, lung, liver, spleen and kidney contained higher concentrations of enduracidin than others, and in the case of multiple daily intramuscular injections, a parallel was noted in tissue enduracidin levels with doses and number of injections, with the exception of kidney. Enduracidin, once transported to the tissues, was retained for rather long period of time in the liver, and except for the kidney, presumably in other tissues. Enduracidin may be excreted mainly via urinary excretion.
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  • SABURO OKAMOTO, MIKAO MAYAMA, YU TANAKA, KATSUYA TAWARA, NOBORU SHIMAO ...
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 320-326
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new colorless crysalline polypeptide antibiotic, kobenomycin, has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces kobenensis, nov. sp. The morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics of this organism, and the isolation and properties of the new antibiotic are described. Kobenomycin is highly active only against aerobic sporulating bacilli and moderately active against acid-fast bacilli and protozoa. No activity was observed against the other bacteria and fungi. The antibiotic is toxic to mice and hemolytic to rabbit red cells.
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  • T.F. BRODASKY, A. D. ARGOUDELIS, T.E. EBLE
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 327-333
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    U-21, 251 is 7-deoxy-7(S)-chlorolincomycin. The antimicrobial spectrum of this new antibiotic is extended and it is about twice as active as lincomycin in vivo against gram-positive infections. During routine analysis of biological fluids obtained from test subjects, a bio-activity chromatographically different from the 7-deoxy-7(S)-chlorolincomycin was observed on thin-layer bioauto grams. This metabolite has not been differentiated from the N-demethyl-7 deoxy-7(S)-chlorolincomycin by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Although we have not recovered sufficient metabolite from urine for unequivocal identi fication, some indirect evidence supporting the structural assignment is pre sented. A TLC quantitative analysis for the 7-deoxy-7(S)-chlorolincomycin and its metabolite has been developed for biological fluids, particularly serum. The analysis is based on the separation of the two activities on silica gel and subsequent quantitation by regression analysis of the zone sizes obtained by bioautography. The regression lines cover the range 0.5 to 0.0038 meg and show a maximum variation of 3.0%, based on intercepts. This variation covers contributions by serum and TLC plates. Samples, which usually required concentration prior to analysis, may be quantitated with a 7.5% standard error.
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  • TSUTOMU SAWA, YASUO FUKAGAWA, IKUYO HOMMA, TAKASHI WAKASHIRO, TOMIO TA ...
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 334-339
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A strain of Nocardia interforma having low productivity of formycin A was selected. Washed cells of this strain convert formycin B to oxoformycin B (reaction I), while those of the original strain collected during formycin A producing phase convert formycin B to formycin A (reaction II). Reaction I is inhibited by allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Reaction II is inhibited by hadacidin, an inhibitor of adenylosuccinate synthetase, but not by azaserine. As intermediates of reaction II, formycin B-monophosphate and formycin A-monophosphate were detected in the nucleotide pool of the cell. No other organisms than Nocardia interforma perform reaction II except Xanthomonas oryzae. Besides Nocardia interforma, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptomyces kasugaensis perform reaction I.
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  • AKIO FUJII, KENJI MAEDA, HAMAO UMEZAWA
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 340-349
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sixteen N, N', N", N'''-tetraphenylalkylkanamycins (hereafter simply written as tetra-N-phenylalkylkanamycins) were prepared, and their anti microbial activities in vitro were determined. They were less active against most strains tested than kanamycin. But one of them, tetra-N-4-chlorobenzyl kanamycin (XI) was slightly more active against Ps. aeruginosa than kanamycin. It was suggested that their activities relate with their lipophilicity. Seven of kanamycin derivatives were found active against kanamycin-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as well as sensitive strains.
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  • SABURO AYUKAWA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, MASAJI SEZAKI, TAKESHI HARA, HAMAO UME ...
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 350-353
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Aquayamycin was found to be a strong inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase. It inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase by 50 % at 3.7×10-7M. The inhibition is noncompetitive with tyrosine. The inhibition by 4×10-7 Maquayamycin increases when the concentration of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6, 7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine is increased from 2×10-4M to 1×10-3M. The inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by aquayamycin is reversed by Fe++.
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  • TOSHIHARU NAGATSU, SABURO AYUKAWA, HAMAO UMEZAWA
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 354-357
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Aquayamycin was found to be one of the most potent inhibitors of dopamine β-hydroxylase. Aquayamycin at 4×10-7 M inhibited the enzyme by 50% with a Ki value of 2.1×10-7 M. The inhibitionwas non-competitive with substrate and was not affected by cof actors, i.e. ascorbic acid or fumarate. The inhibitory mechanism is possibly due to chelating action of aquayamycin on protein-bound copper. However, the addition of Cu++ did not reverse the inhibition.
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  • BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE KASUGAMINE MOIETY FROM [1-14C]-GLUCOSAMINE AND [1, 2 or 6-14C]-GLUCOSE
    YASUO FUKAGAWA, TSUTOMU SAWA, IKUYO HOMMA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, HAMAO UMEZA ...
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 358-360
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1-14C-Glucose, 2-14C-glucose, 6-14C-glucose and U-14C-glucose were incor porated into kasugamycin in similar fashion, proving that the six carbons of glucose are incorporated into kasugamycin without fragmentation. 1-14C Glucosamine was incorporated into kasugamycin to a greater extent than glucose, and almost exclusively into the kasugamine moiety.
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  • H. HEDING, J. HARTVIG JØRGENSEN, E. STEEN ANDERSEN
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 361-362
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • N. ROSOVA, J. ZELINKA
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 363-364
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • SUMIO UMEZAWA, KUNIAKI TATSUTA, EIICHI KITAZAWA, SHINKITI KOTO
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 365-366
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • SUMIO UMEZAWA, KUNIAKI TATSUTA, SHINKITI KOTO
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 367-368
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • HIROSHI YONEHARA, HARUO SETO, SHOJIRO AIZAWA, TETSURO HIDAKA, AKIRA SH ...
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 369-370
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • NOBORU OTAKE, KATSUMI KAKINUMA, HIROSHI YONEHARA
    1968 Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 371-373
    Published: May 25, 1968
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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