The Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 1881-1469
Print ISSN : 0021-8820
ISSN-L : 0021-8820
Volume 24, Issue 12
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
  • K. MIKULÍK, J. KARNETOVÁ, N. QUYEN, M. BLUMAUEROVÁ ...
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 801-809
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The interaction between protein synthesis and production of tetracycline in Streptomyces aureofaciens was studied. It has been shownthat the amount of tetracycline bound to ribosomes rapidly rises, as compared with the production of the drug. The accumulation of tetracycline in the cultivation medium results in the formation of tetracycline-ribosome aggregates. The highest level of binding was equivalent to 320molecules of tetracycline per ribosome. The results obtained with the S 30 fraction, containing endogenous mRNA suggest that protein-synthesizing system of tetracycline-producing microorganisms is more resistant to the antibiotic effect than similar systems isolated from drug-sensitive bacteria. Tetracycline itself can have a regulatory function in the metabolism of producing cells. Accumulation of tetracycline during growth may lead to limitation of protein synthesis and enzyme systems involved in the machinery of secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
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  • STREPTOMYCES TOLYPOPHORUS NOV. SP., A NEW ANTIBIOTIC, TOLYPOMYCIN-PRODUCER
    MOTOO SHIBATA, TORU HASEGAWA, EIJI HIGASHIDE
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 810-816
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Streptomyces sp. strain No. B2847 producing a new antibiotic, tolypomycin Y, was examined with reference to its taxonomic characteristics. The organism is characterized by the formation of sclerotic granules, which originate from aerial mycelia and are observed on most agar media. Other properties were compared with known species. The strain was judged to be a new species and the name Streptomyces tolypophorus nov. sp. proposed.
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  • PRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARY IDENTIFICATION OF TOLYPOMYCIN Y
    TORU HASEGAWA, EIJI HIGASHIDE, MOTOO SHIBATA
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 817-822
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The culture broth of Streptomyces tolypophorus was shown to contain a new antibiotic, tolypomycin Y, as a main component, from the difference in the loss of antibiotic potency caused by heating or preservation of broths at various culture ages was assumed to contain other antibiotic components. By means of microbiological assay and thin-layer chromatography, the cultural conditions for enrichment of tolypomycin Y were investigated. As a result^ combinations of glucose with glycerol, and peptone with soybean flour were found to be good carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, and the production of tolypomycin Y was increased by the addition of iron-containing salts to such a medium. On the basis of these studies, a suitable mediumfor the enrichment of tolypomycin Y was established. Furthermore, preliminary studies on the antibacterial activity and chemical properties of crude tolypomycin Y in comparison with those of knownantibiotics showed that tolypomycin Y resembles the rifamycins.
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  • HIROSHI NAGANAWA, SHINICI KONDO, KENJI MAEDA, HAMAO UMEZAWA
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 823-829
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The enzymatically inactivated products of kanamycin, paromamine and dihydrostreptomycin have been investigated by proton magnetic resonance at 100MHz in deuterium oxide solution. The low-field shift of resonance position and the coupling constant of P-O-C-H support the previously proposed structures viz kanamycin-3r-phosphate, paromamine-3'-phosphate and dihydrostreptomycin-3''-phosphate, respectively.
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  • HUBERT MAEHR, ROSS G. PITCHER
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 830-834
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The major constituent of the albomycin complex is albomycin δ2. Albomycins δ1 and ε are degradation products of component δ2. Antibiotic Ro 5- 2667 has now been found to be identical with albomycin δ2; the minor antibiotic components, Ro 7-7730 and Ro 7-7731, correspond to albomycins δ1 and ε, respectively. The present studies demonstrate that previously proposed structures of albomycins are inconsistent with our findings.
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  • HERBERT I. HADLER, BARBRA G. DANIEL, JOHN DEMETRIOUS, RAYMOND C. PRATT
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 835-845
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The hydroxy quinone DI-OH-DBAQ [4'8'-dihydroxy-l, 2, 5, 6-dibenz-9, 10-anthraquinone] was shown to be a metabolite of the carcinogenic polynuclear hydrocarbon DBA [dibenz(a, h)anthracene] in 1953 by Heidelberger, Hadler and Wolf. DI-OH-DBAQ induces an ATP energized mitochondrial volume change in combination with the nonmercurial thiol reagent, showdomycin, [an antibiotic and an antitumor agent]. The parent carcinogen DBA when combined with showdomycin does not induce an ATP energized mitochondrial volume change. An appropriate concentration of DI-OH-DBAQ inhibits the ATP energized mitochondrial volume change induced by gramicidin in the presence of the permeant ions potassium and malate. The further addition of showdomysin reinstates the effect of gramicidin. Thus DI-OH-DBAQ exposes the strategically located pivotal mitochondrial thiol group which occupies the position between the cycle which meshes with the respiratory chain and a cycle which meshes with ATP. In these in vitro studies DIOH- DBAQ bears the same relationship to DBA that N-hydroxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene bears to N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene an aromatic amide which is also a carcinogen. DI-OH-DBAQ is an uncoupling agent rather than a respiratory inhibitor as DI-OH-DBAQ stimulates mitochondrial respiration and induces the mitochondrial hydrolysis of adenosine-5'-triphosphate [ATPase activity]. These observations broaden the support for our hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation (1961), the experimental confluence of oxidative phosphorylation with carcinogenesis and our unitary hypothesis for carcinogenesis (1971).
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  • F. SCHROEDER, J. F. HOLLAND, L. L. BIEBER
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 846-849
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The data show that the filipin complex in water has a characteristic fluorescence spectrum with a broad emission maxima at 497nm. Addition of cholesterol to the aqueous solution decreases the absorbance, the corrected fluorescence, and the partial quantum efficiency. The reduction in partial quantum efficiency, which is independent of the concentration of filipin, is definitive evidence that the filipin complex interacts with sterols in aqueous solution. The data indicate that changes in fluorescence may be a sensitive tool for monitoring the interaction of filipins with sterols.
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  • TETSU SAITO, SUSUMU MITSUHASHI
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 850-854
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Megalomicin (MM), one of the macrolide antibiotics, has a lactone structure similar to erythromycin (EM). The antibacterial activity of MM toward Staphylococcus aureus was compared with that of EMusing macrolide-sensitive and resistant strains of clinical origin. The antibacterial activity of MMwas found to be slightly weaker than that of EMand the strains carrying macrolide-constitutive resistance were also resistant to MM.It was found that MM is an active inducer for macrolide resistance in the strains harboring macrolide-inducible resistance, in which only EM and both EM and oleandomycin were active inducers. Induction ability of MM and induction mechanisms for macrolide resistance are discussed.
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  • SEIGA ITOH, HARUO HONDA, FUSAO TOMITA, TAKEO SUZUKI
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 855-859
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two kinds of glycolipids (R-l and R-2) were produced in the culture media by several strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa when grown on n paraffin (mixture of C12, C13. and C14 fractions). These compounds were isolated through the extraction of the culture broth with ethylacetate and the chromatography on silicic acid column. On the basis of chemical analysis, these lipids were characterized as 2-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β- hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate (R-l) and L-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β- hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate (R-2). Bactericidal activity of R-2 which is postulated to be a precursor of R-1 was remarked against grampositive bacteria. Further, these compounds also demonstrated mycoplasmacidal and antiviral activities in vitro.
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  • I. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PANOSIALIN
    TAKAAKI AOYAGI, MORIMASA YAGISAWA, MICHIHIKO KUMAGAI, MASA HAMADA, YOS ...
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 860-869
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the screening of streptomyces culture filtrates for inhibitors of viral sialidase, acid phosphatase and polygalacturonase, a new type of compound was isolated and named panosialin. It had the following ID50 values : 9×10-6 M, 3.8×10-5M and 3.9×10-5M againt sialidase, acid phosphatase and polygalacturonase respectively. In this paper, characters of the panosialin-producing strains and the isolation of panosialin are described. It was found to bind to protein and to have an action similar to that of detergents.
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  • MICHIKO KUMAGAI, YASUJI SUHARA, TAKAAKI AOYAGI, HAMAO UMEZAWA
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 870-875
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Panosialin (I), an enzyme inhibitor, has been shown to be a mixture of 5-alkylbenzene-1, 3-disulfates. The structures of the three major components are 5-isopentadecylbenzene-1, 3-disulfate (Ia), 5-n-pentadecylbenzene-1, 3-disulfate (Ib), and 5-isohexadecylbenzene-1, 3-disulfate (Ic). The 5-n-alkyl homologs including Ib have been synthesized.
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  • REDUCED ABILITY OF SHOWDOMYCIN-RESISTANT MUTANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 TO TAKE UP SHOWDOMYCIN AND NUCLEOSIDES
    YOSHIHIDE KOMATSU
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 876-883
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    I have isolated a number of mutants from Escherichia coli K-12 which are highly resistant to showdomycin [2-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)maleimide]. These mutants were very sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide, which has a structure similar to the aglycone moiety of showdomycin. These mutants took up little 14C-labeled showdomycin and showed altered ability to take up various labeled nucleosides. However, their ability to take up cytosine arabinoside-3H remained essentially the same as that of the parent strain. The ability of caffeinetreated mutant cells to take up adenosine-3H was very much lower than that of caffeine-treated parent cells. The nature of deoxycytidine-14C uptake by mutant cells was markedly different from that by parent cells.
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  • MASAYA KAWAKAMI, YUTAKA NAGAI, SHOJI SHIMIZU, SUSUMU MITSUHASHI
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 884-891
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Antimicrobial activity in vitro of colistin methanesulfonate and chloramphenicol was studied, using gram-negative enterobacteria and Staphylococcus aureus with various drug-resistance patterns and serotypes or phage types.A synergistic growth inhibitory action of both drugs against most of the gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated by a qualitative method and confirmed by a quantitative determination and statistical evaluation. It was also found that the combined action of both drugs obviously suppressed the development of drug resistant mutants of gram-positives as well as of gram-negativemicroorganisms.
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  • II. IN VIVO EFFECT
    MASAYA KAWAKAMI, YUTAKA NAGAI, SHOJI SHIMIZU, SUSUMU MITSUHASHI
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 892-895
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mice infected with a virulent strain of Escherichia coli were treated by multiple injections with colistin methanesulfonate or chloramphenicol, or with a combination of the two drugs. It was observed that, with certain combination ratios, the potency of the combined drugs was 5-10 times higher than the potency, expected from an additive effect of both drugs. A slight elevation of toxicity by combination of the drugs was also observed. No synergistic effect of a combination of both drugs was observed in Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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  • MASAYUKI MIZUNO, YUKIJI SHIMOJIMA, TOSHIAKI SUGAWARA, ISAO TAKEDA
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 896-899
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • TOJU HATA, SATOSHI OMURA, MICHIKO KATAGIRI, KIYOO ATSUMI, JUICHI AWAYA ...
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 900-901
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • SHUJI TAKAHASHI, MUTSUO NAKAJIMA, YOKO IKEDA, SHINICHI KONDO, MASA HAM ...
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 902-903
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • MAKOTO SUZUKI, ISAO TAKAMORI, AKIO KINUMAKI, YOICHI SUGAWARA, TOMOHARU ...
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 904-906
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • KOZO KUDO, NORIYUKI SAITO, KENZO OTSUKI, MIKIO KIKUCHI, NAKAO ISHIDA
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 907-910
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • MORIMASA YAGISAWA, HIROSHI NAGANAWA, SHINICHI KONDO, MASA HAMADA, TOMI ...
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 911-912
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • HIROSHI NAGANAWA, MORIMASA YAGISAWA, SHINICHI KONDO, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, H ...
    1971 Volume 24 Issue 12 Pages 913-914
    Published: 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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