The Journal of Antibiotics

STUDIES ON MIKAMYCIN B LACTONASE

I. DEGRADATION OF MIKAMYCIN B BY STREPTOMYCES MITAKAENSIS

CHANG HAN KIM, NOBORU OTAKE, HIROSHI YONEHARA

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 903-908
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.903

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Washed-cells or cell-free preparations of Streptomyces mitakaensis, the producing organism of mikamycins A and B, were found to inactivate mikamycin B by hydrolyzing its lactonic linkage. The reaction product was identified as mikamycin B acid. An enzyme catalyzing this reaction was named mikamycin B lactonase and its property was investigated by using intact cells.

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BIOSYNTHESIS OF FORMYCIN

ROLE OF CERTAIN AMINO ACIDS IN FORMYCIN BIOSYNTHESIS

KOZO OCHI, SEIICHI IWAMOTO, EIJI HAYASE, SHIGETAKA YASHIMA, YOSHIRO OK ...

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 909-916
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.909

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Working with Streptomyces sp. MA406-A-1, effects of addition of various amino acids on the production of formycin were examined. In replacement culture, it was confirmed that lysine, aspartate or glutamate stimulates the production of formycin and carbon molecules in these amino acids incorporated efficiently into formycin. It is estimated that biosynthesis of formycin in this organism is closely related to lysine metabolism but not to biosynthesis of purine nucleosides.

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MUTAMICINS; BIOSYNTHETICALLY CREATED NEW SISOMICIN ANALOGUES

R.T. TESTA, G.H. WAGMAN, P.J.L. DANIELS, M.J. WEINSTEIN

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 917-921
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.917

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A mutant of Micromonospora inyoensis, the sisomicin-producing organism, has been isolated which requires the addition of 2-deoxystreptamine to the fermentation broth for sisomicin production. The addition of analogues of 2-deoxystreptamine to this mutant resulted in the formation of new antibiotics called mutamicins. Mutamicin 1, produced by the addition of streptamine to the fermentation broth, exhibits broad-spectrum activity with potency similar to or slightly less than sisomicin, with the exception of gentamicin-sisomicin-adenylylating strains against which mutamicin 1 exhibited greatly improved activity. Mutamicin 2, produced by the addition of 2, 5-dideoxystreptamine, exhibits similar broad-spectrum activity but with favorable activity against gentamicin-sisomicin-acetylating strains.

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β-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS. I

COMPARATIVE STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF 6-ACYLAMINOPENICILLANIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND THEIR 6-(D-α-ACYLAMINOPHENYLACETAMIDO) PENICILLANIC ACID ANALOGUES

HARRY FERRES, MICHAEL J. BASKER, PETER J. O'HANLON

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 922-930
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.922

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Structure-activity relationships were compared for two series of penicillins containing a common acyl group. In series I, which included most of the penicillins in clinical use, the acyl moiety was linked directly to the amino group of the penicillin nucleus. For series II the acyl moiety was linked to the amino group of D-α-aminobenzylpenicillin (ampicillin). In the majority of cases a striking similarity between the two series was observed. The correlation provided both a valuable means of classifying and predicting the antibacterial properties of one series from a knowledge of the other.

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CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF NEOMYCIN

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MINOR COMPONENTS

PAUL J. CLAES, FRANS COMPERNOLLE, HUBERT VANDERHAEGHE

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 931-942
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.931

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The presence of a number of minor components was demonstrated in commercial samples of neomycin by column chromatography on a weakly acidic ion-exchange resin (Amberlite CG-50). Some of these components were isolated by ion-exclusion chromatography and identified. The identification was based on chromatographic and nmr data and on mass spectrometry of volatile derivatives. Thesequence of elution from the Amberlite column was : paromamine, mono-N-acetyl-neamine (LP-A), paromomycin II, a diamino-dideoxyhexosyl-myo-inositol (component G), paromomycin I, mono-N-acetylneomycin C (LP-C), neamine, mono-N-acetylneomycin B (LP-B), neomycin C and neomycin B. The LP-B fraction also contained a component (K) whose gross structure corresponds to a neomycin, in which the neosamine C linked to the deoxystreptamine subunit is missing. The presence of the components LP-A, G and K has not previously been reported.

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STOICHIOMETRY OF INTERACTION OF THE POLYENE ANTIBIOTIC, FILIPIN, WITH FREE AND LIPOSOMAL-BOUND CHOLESTEROL

IRENE P. KATZENSTEIN, ANNA M. SPIELVOGEL, ANTHONY W. NORMAN

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 943-951
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.943

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The polyene antibiotic, filipin, is known to interact with cholesterol present in aqueous solutions, artificial membranes and sterol-containing biological membranes. The stoichiometry of interaction between filipin and free or liposomal-bound cholesterol present in an aqueous system was determined by quantitating the ultraviolet spectral change of filipin which occurs in the presence of cholesterol. A preliminary analysis of the data obtained from aqueous dispersions of cholesterol + filipin alone suggested that the stoichiometry was 1:1. According to a more refined analysis of this same data by the SCATCHARD technique, there are 1.11±0.18 molecules of cholesterol associated with filipin in this system. Additionally it was found in a liposome solution consisting of lecithin : dicetylphosphate : [4-¹⁴C]-cholesterol that the maximum spectral change of filipin only occurred where a 1:1 ratio of filipin : sterol was present. Thus the likely stoichiometry of the filipin-cholesterol complex in both these systems is 1:1.
A procedure is described wherein the sterol-mediated spectral-change of filipin can be utilized as the basis of a sensitive assay for quantitating the amounts of sterol in membrane fractions.

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THE PRESENCE OF α-AMINO-β, γ-DIHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID IN HYDROLYSATES OF ACTINOMYCIN Z₁

EDWARD KATZ, KAARIN T. MASON, ANTHONY B. MAUGER

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 952-955
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.952

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Actinomycin Z₁, synthesized by Streptomyces fradiae contains only one residue of the amino acid, threonine. Hydrolysates of actinomycin Z₁ were investigated using paper, gas and ion-exchange chromatographic procedures. Identification of an unknown amino acid in actinomycin Z₁ (and other actinomycins of the Z series) as α-amino-β, γ-dihydroxybutyric acid (hydroxythreonine) was confirmed by massspectrometry.

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SOME CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SHOWDOMYCIN

YOITI TITANI, YUJI TSURUTA

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 956-962
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.956

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The chemical properties of showdomycin, a maleimide type antibiotic, were very similar to, but its biological properties rather different from, those of N-ethylmaleimide. Another maleimide derivative, citraconimide, showed very low reactivity both in chemical and biological reactions compared with the above two compounds. The results of quantitative analyses of cellular sulfhydryl content of Escherichia coli did not indicate a perfect correspondence between the elimination of cellular sulfhydryl and the inhibition of cell growth by these maleimide type compounds.

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PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SIALIDASE INHIBITOR, SIASTATIN, PRODUCED BY STREPTOMYCES

HAMAO UMEZAWA, TAKAAKI AOYAGI, TADAZUMI KOMIYAMA, HAJIME MORISHIMA, MA ...

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 963-969
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.963

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Siastatins A and B were isolated as part of a program designed to find Streptomyces-produced inhibitors of sialidase from Clostridium perfringens. Siastatin A was more effective than was siastatin B in the inhibition of sialidases prepared from Cl. perfringens and chicken chorioallantoic membrane. However, siastatin B was a stronger inhibitor of sialidases prepared from streptomyces and rat organs than was siastatin A. Siastatin B also inhibited β-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, two enzymes unaffected by siastatin A.

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AN ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS TREATED WITH SPIRAMYCIN

MASAFUMI NAKAO, SHOZO NAKAZAWA

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 970-975
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.970

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The cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus 209P JC became markedly thickened with the lapse of time following exposure to spiramycin. The degree of cell wall thickening was more conspicuous when the concentration of the drug used was high. When transferred to a new medium containing no antibiotic the organism with thickened cell wall grew by way of abnormal division to resume eventually normal cell wall thickness.

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THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF BICYCLOMYCIN FOR SHIGELLOSIS EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED IN RHESUS MONKEYS

MINORU NISHIDA, YASUHIRO MINE, SHIGEO NONOYAMA, TOSHIAKI KAMIMURA, SHI ...

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 976-983
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.976

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The efficacy of orally given bicyclomycin on shigellosis was studied in rhesus monkeys infected with Shigella flexneri 2a. All the animals developed lethal infection after rectal inoculation of the virulent strain 5503. Bicyclomycin and the kanamycin control were given orally at daily dosage of 40 mg/kg for a period of 5 days beginning 24 hours after the inoculation. Bicyclomycin compared favorably with kanamycin in respect to 1) the time required for termination of bloody mucous feces, restoration of normal feces, and disappearance of Shigella bacilli from feces and 2) the absenceof the bacilli from intestinal tissues at autopsy. This experiment was preceded by a fundamental study, which revealed satisfactory activity of bicyclomycin against various Shigella species (MIC: 6.25-25 mcg/ml) and good stability and excretion in feces. These data demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of bicyclomycin in intestinal infections.

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INDUCTION OF COLICIN E₁ SYNTHESIS BY NEOCARZINOSTATIN AND BLEOMYCIN

ATSUSHI NAKAZAWA, TERUMI TAMADA

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 984-986
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.984

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF INDOLE

MASAMI OIMOMI, MASA HAMADA, TAKESHI HARA

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 987-988
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.987

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BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE COMBINED ACTION OF AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS AND SYNTHETIC PENICILLINS AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

SHOZO NAKAZAWA, TAKESHI NISHINO, MASAKO OTSUKI, MASAFUMI NAKAO, TOMO N ...

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 989-991
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.989

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STRUCTURE OF ANTIBIOTIC A 25822 B, A NOVEL NITROGEN-CONTAINING C₂₈-STEROL WITH ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES

J. W. CHAMBERLIN, M. O. CHANEY, S. CHEN, P. V. DEMARCO, N. D. JONES, J ...

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 992-993
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.992

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STUDIES ON ACTINOCARCIN, A NEW ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTIC

TSUYOSHI KIHARA, SETSUO TAKEUCHI, HIROSHI YONEHARA

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 994-996
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.994

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TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF STREPTOMYCIN

SUMIO UMEZAWA, YOSHIKAZU TAKAHASHI, TAKAYUKI USUI, TSUTOMU TSUCHIYA

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 997-999
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.997

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COMPARATIVE STABILITIES OF CEPHALOSPORINS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

TSUKINAKA YAMANA, AKIRA TSUJI, KEIKI KANAYAMA, OSAMU NAKANO

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 1000-1002
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.1000

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Obituary

HAMAO UMEZAWA, YUKIMASA YAGISAWA

1974 年 27 巻 12 号 p. 1003-1004
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2006/04/12

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.27.1003

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