The Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 1881-1469
Print ISSN : 0021-8820
ISSN-L : 0021-8820
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Volume 28, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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  • NEW AZASTEROIDAL ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTICS FROM GEOTRICHU FLAVO-BRUNNEUM
    I. DISCOVERY AND FERMENTATION STUDIES
    L.D. BOECK, M.M. HOEHN, J.E. WESTHEAD, R.K. WOLTER, D.N. THOMAS
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 95-101
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.95
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Although Geotrichum species occur ubiquitously, antibiotic production by members of this genus has not previously been reported. The antibiotic complex designated A25822, consisting of one major and six minor structurally-related components active primarily against Candida and Trichophyton, represents a new family of naturallyoccurring compounds. Approximately 90% of the antibiotic activity synthesized remained associated with the fungal cell mass, from which it was recovered by multiple methanolic extractions for quantitation. Antibiotic production was enhanced by tryptophan. iron, zinc, and high levels of dextrin.
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  • NEW AZASTEROIDAL ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTICS FROM GEOTRICHUM FLAVO-BRUNNEUM
    II. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
    K.H. MICHEL, R.L. HAMILL, S.H. LARSEN, R.H. WILLIAMS
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 102-111
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.102
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A novel group of antibiotics, comprising microbiologically-active structurallyrelated factors A25822A, B, D, H, L, M and N, produced by culturing Geotrichum flavo-brunneum NRRL 3862 under submerged aerobic fermentation conditions was isolated by extraction. The individual factors were separated and purified by chromatography and crystallization. The major factor, A25822B, a 15-aza-24-methylene-D-homocholestadiene is a white crystalline compound, C28H45NO. The antibiotics are highly active against fungi and marginally active against bacteria.
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  • NEW AZASTEROIDAL ANTIFUNGAL ANTIBIOTICS FROM GEOTRICHUM FLAVO-BRUNNEUM
    III. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
    ROBERT S. GORDEE, THOMAS F. BUTLER
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 112-117
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.112
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The A25822 antibiotic complex consists of seven biologically active factors. A comparative study of these factors determined that factor B possessed the greatest antifungal activity. The minimal inhibitory concentration of A25822B against isolates of Candida albicans was <0.312-5.0μg/ml, Trichophyton mentagrophytes was inhibited at <0.0312μg/ml. Other pathogenic fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporotrichum schencki, and Microsporium gypseum were very susceptible to A25822B. Only limited antibacterial activity of A25822B was found. Parenteral or oral administration of 50mg/kg of A25822B significantly extended the average survival time of mice infected with C. albicans. Doses of 20mg/kg of A25822B caused a greater than ten-fold reduction in the number of Candida cells recovered from kidneys of infected mice. A solution of 0.5% or 0.25% A25822B applied topically was effective against an experimental dermatophyte infection on guinea pigs. A peak blood level of 3 μg/ml was achieved in mice following a 100mg/kg dose of A25822B. Combination of A25822B with a polyene antibiotic in vitro showed antagonism.
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  • LYSOCELLIN, A NEW POLYETHER ANTIBIOTIC
    I. ISOLATION, PURIFICATION, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
    EIICHI EBATA, HIROKO KASAHARA, KEIJI SEKINE, YUKIO INOUE
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 118-121
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.118
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    A new antibiotic, lysocellin (K-5610), was isolated from Streptomyces cacaoi var. asoensis K-9 Met-. Lysocellin was obtained as a colorless crystalline needles from both the cultural filtrate and the mycelium of the organism. The antibiotic melted at 158-160°C and had a molecular formula C34H59O10Na•1/2 H2O. It had antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and some fungi, but not against gram-negative bacteria. Based on its physico-chemical and biological properties lysocellin was identified as a new polyether antibiotic.
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  • ISOLATION OF GALANTINS I AND II, WATER-SOLUBLE BASIC PEPTIDES
    STUDIES ON ANTIBIOTICS FROM THE GENUS BACILLUS. III
    JUN'ICHI SHOJI, RYUZI SAKAZAKI, YOSHIHARU WAKISAKA, KENZO KOIZUMI, MIK ...
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 122-125
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.122
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    Two water-soluble basic antibiotics named galantins I and II were isolated from a strain resembling Bacillus pulvifaciens. Both antibiotics are peptides containing glycine, alanine, ornithine, lysine and some unknown ninhydrin-positive components. An approximate empirical formula C50±1H98±2O17N16 indicated for galantin I. These are active against some gram-positive, acid-fast and gram-negative bacteria.
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  • ISOLATION OF A NEW PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC TL-119
    STUDIES ON ANTIBIOTICS FROM THE GENUS BACILLUS. IV
    JUN'ICHI SHOJI, HIROSHI HINOO, YOSHIHARU WAKISAKA, KENZO KOIZUMI, MIKA ...
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 126-128
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.126
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    A new antibiotic TL-119 active against gram-positive bacteria was isolated from a strain resembling Bacillus subtilis. The antibiotic is a neutral substance, soluble in a mixture of chloroform and methanol, and is a peptide with an empirical formula of C42H57N7O9, containing threonine (1), alanine (1), valine (1), leucine (1) and phenylalanine (2).
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  • ISOLATION OF A NEW PEPTIDE ANTIBIOTIC COMPLEX 61-26
    STUDIES ON ANTIBIOTICS FROM THE GENEUS BACILLUS. V
    JUN'ICHI SHOJI, RYUZI SAKAZAKI, YOSHIHARU WAKISAKA, KENZO KOIZUMI, MIK ...
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 129-131
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.129
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A new antibiotic named 61-26 active against gram-positive bacteria and some fungi was isolated from a Bacillus strain. The antibiotic is a weakly basic peptide slightly soluble in aqueous alcohols. An approximate empirical formula of C50H93-N11O17 and constituent amino acids of aspartic acid (1 mole), serine (2 moles), alanine (2 moles), and sum of valine and isoleucine (2 moles) are indicated.
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  • STABILITY STUDIES WITH AMPHOTERICIN B AND AMPHOTERICIN B METHYL ESTER
    D. P. BONNER, W. MECHLINSKI, C. P. SCHAFFNER
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 132-135
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.132
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    In solid form, amphotericin B and amphotericin B methyl ester free base exhibit similar stability. Acid salts of the methyl ester derivative stored under identical conditions are less stable. In solution, amphotericin B is generally more stable than its methyl ester salts. However, when pH is adjusted to 6.0 and storage temperature held at 5°C the methyl ester salts reflect the stability exhibited by the parent compound, amphotericin B.
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  • REDUCTION PRODUCTS OF SPECTINOMYCIN
    JOHN C. KNIGHT, HERMAN HOEKSEMA
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 136-142
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.136
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    The two epimers of dihydrospectinomycin have been separated and identified structurally. Four tetrahydrospectinomycins have also been prepared.
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  • NEOCARZINOSTATIN-INDUCED BREAKDOWN OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IN HELA-S3 CELLS
    KENZO OHTSUKI, NAKAO ISHIDA
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 143-148
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.143
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Degradation of DNA in HeLa-S3 cells mediated by an acidic antitumor protein, neocarzinostatin (NCS), was examined. The concentration of NCS required for induction of DNA degradation was considerably higher than that which caused inhibition of DNA synthesis. Sedimentation analysis of DNA revealed that HeLa-S3 cell DNA first received single-strand nicks within 60 minutes after exposure to the antibiotic, whereas detectable double-strand scissions eventually gave rise to the accumulation of double-stranded DNA fragments of heterogeneous size. When the cells exposed to NCS were transferred to NCS-free medium at early stages of the degradation, the single-strand nicks caused in DNA were repaired by a process which was sensitive to puromycin.
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  • IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF SISOMICIN, AN AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC, AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES
    DOROTHY STEWART, GERALD P. BODEY
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 149-155
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.149
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic which is produced by Micromonospora myoensis, was studied against 565 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. With the exception of Serratia marcescens, over 90% of isolates of gram-negative bacilli were inhibited by 1.56μg/ml or less of sisomicin. Sisomicin was slightly more active than gentamicin and tobramycin against isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp. It was substantially more active than butirosin and kanamycin against all gram-negative bacilli. Isolates of gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin were also resistant to sisomicin. Most of these isolates were sensitive to amikacin.
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  • IDENTITY OF THE ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTIC LITMOMYCIN WITH GRANATICIN A
    CHING-JER CHANG, HEINZ G. FLOSS, PINNAN SOONG, CHING-TE CHANG
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 156
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.156
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • ISOLATION OF MALTOTETRAOSE FROM STREPTOMYCES AS AN ANTIBIOTIC AGAINST ERWINIA CAROTOVORA
    HISAO KONDO, TADAHARU HONKE, RYOICHI HASEGAWA, TAKAKO SHIMODA, SHOSHIR ...
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 157-160
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.157
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • TRICHOVIRIDIN AND DERMADIN FROM TRICHODERMA SP. TK-1
    ATSUSHI TAMURA, HIROTADA KOTANI, SHUNSUKE NARUTO
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 161-162
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.161
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  • INCORPORATION OF L-METHIONINEMETHYL-14C INTO GENTAMICINS
    III. CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION AND DEGRADATION OF COMPONENTS OF METHYL-14C-GENTAMICIN COMPLEX
    B. K. LEE, R. G. CONDON, A. MURAWSKI, G. H. WAGMAN
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 163-166
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.28.163
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Radioactivity incorporated into individual components and subunits of each component was determined, following chromatographic separation and hydrolytic degradation of components of methyl-14C-gentamicin complex.
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