The Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 1881-1469
Print ISSN : 0021-8820
ISSN-L : 0021-8820
Volume 28, Issue 7
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
  • DIETER KLUEPFEL, H. A. BAKER, G. PIATTONI, S. N. SEHGAL, ANN SIDOROWIC ...
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 497-502
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new antibiotic, naphthyridinomycin, was isolated in crystalline form from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces lusitanus AY B-1026. The antibiotic is active against a large number of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and inactive against Candida albicans, Trichophyton granulosum and Microsporum gypseum. The antibiotic is toxic in mice.
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  • TOSHIAKI HAYASHI, YUSUKE HARADA, KUNIO ANDO
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 503-507
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    New antibiotics, mannopeptins A and B, were isolated from the fermented broth of Streptomyces platensis strain FS-351. Ferrous ion is essential for the antibiotic production, since no productivity was noted with media containing less than 0.11 mM ferrous ion and maximum production was achieved at a concentration of 1.8 mM. The antibiotics are basic glycopeptides with relatively high molecular weight and are similar to ristocetin and vancomycin but can be differentiated from them in view of their chemical composition and chromatographic behavior. The antibiotics were named mannopeptin after the glycopeptide containing mannose.
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  • YUSUKE HARADA, TOSHIYUKI NEHASHI, TOSHIAKI HAYASHI, KUNIO ANDO
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 508-513
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mannopeptins show in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity is unaffected by the addition of serum, and potentiated by alkaline pH or decrease in inoculum size. The antibiotics exert bectericidal effect at doses twice as high as the minimum inhibitory concentration. When the antibiotics were injected into mice through either intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular or subcutaneous routes, the antimicrobial activity appeared within 15 minutes in the serum of mice and was slowly excreted in the urine. However, the antibiotics were poorly absorbed by the oral route. The antibiotics were capable of protecting mice from lethal infection produced by the intravenous injection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and the intraperitoneal injection of Shigella sp. and Escherichia coli, but ineffective against Salmonella typhosa.
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  • I. CULTURE TAXONOMY, FERMENTATION AND PRODUCTION OF STREPTOVIRUDIN COMPLEX
    H. THRUM, K. ECKARDT, G. BRADLER, R. FÜGNER, E. TONEW, M. TONEW
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 514-521
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new antibiotic complex has been isolated from cultures of Streptomyces strain No. JA 10124. On the basis of taxonomic studies, the producing microorganism is described as Streptomyces griseoflavus (KRAINSKY, 1914) WAKSMAN et HENRICI, 1948, subsp. thuringiensis subsp. nov., type strain JA 10124. The antibiotic complex, designated as streptovirudin, was isolated from extracts of both mycelium and culture filtrate. It is a white amorphous material which consists of ten closely related components including streptovirudins A, B, C, D and E. The streptovirudin complex exhibits antibiotic activity against Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, and various DNA- and RNA-viruses.
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  • PETER W. K. WOO
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 522-529
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    5"-Amino-3', 4', 5"-trideoxybutirosin A (IX) was synthesized through a reaction series starting from 5"-amino-5"-deoxybutirosin A (Ic), the key step being the treatment of its tetra-O-acetylpentakis-N-[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-3', 4'-bis-O-(methylsulfonyl) derivative (VI) with zinc-sodium iodide. Compound IX exhibits enhanced antibacterial activities, including strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli which are highly resistant to Ic, butirosin or gentamicin.
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  • HIROMICHI SAEKI, YOSHIKAZU SHIMADA, EIJI OHKI, SHINICHI SUGAWARA
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 530-536
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    5"-Amino-3', 4', 5"-trideoxybutirosin A (4) was synthesized by two routes starting from the known tri-O-acetyl-tetra-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3", 5"-O-cyclohexylidene-3', 4'-di-O-mesylbutirosin A (5). Introduction of amino function at C-5" was carried out by displacement of 5"-tosyloxy group with sodium azide either before or after 3', 4'-deoxygenation. Compound 4 shows outstanding activities against strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli which are highly resistant to butirosin and 5"-amino-5"-deoxybutirosin A (2).
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  • HIDEKI ASAKURA, MAKOTO HORI, HAMAO UMEZAWA
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 537-542
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cleavage of SV40 DNA by bleomycin was assayed quantitatively in vitro in the presence of various polynucleotides. SV40 DNA was protected from bleomycin-induced cleavage by native or denatured DNA of other origins, poly dG-C•poly dG-C, poly dA-T•poly dA-T and poly dA-T (denatured) but not by tRNA of E. coli, apurinic acid, poly dA, poly dT and various deoxyribooligonucleotides. Various bleomycins and their derivatives and various fragments of bleomycin were tested for possible activity in cleaving SV40 DNA and from the results some structure-activity relationships for the action of bleomycin to act on DNA were outlined. Actinomycin D stimulated bleomycin action while ethidium bromide inhibited it.
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  • III. MECHANISM OF ACTION
    SOMMA SERGIO, G. PIRALI, R. WHITE, F. PARENTI
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 543-549
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In vivo, at low concentrations (≤1μg/ml), the antibiotic lipiarmycin specifically inhibits RNA synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. At a much higher concentration (100μg/ml), syntheses of other macromolecules such as DNA and protein also appear to be suppressed. In vitro, the antibiotic causes 50% inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase from B. subtilis at a concentration of 0.6μg/ml and of that from E. coliat 5-8μg/ml. The activity of Escherichia coli DNA-polymerase I is inhibited 50% at 55-65μg/ml. Lipiarmycin prevents ribonucleoside triphosphate polymerization only if added prior to the association between RNA-polymerase and DNA, and does not affect the elongation rate of RNA chains at concentrations up to 100μg/ml. At that concentration, however, the antibiotic immediately blocks the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates catalyzed by DNA-polymerase I.
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  • SHOHEI HAYAKAWA, EIJI KONDO, YOSHIHARU WAKISAKA, HITOSHI MINATO, KEN K ...
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 550-551
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • TETSUO SASAKI, NOBORU OTAKE
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 552-554
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • TAKAAKI AOYAGI, MICHIHIKO KUMAGAI, TADAHIKO HAZATO, MASA HAMADA, TOMIO ...
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 555-557
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • YOSHIO FURUTANI, MASAO SHIMADA, MASA HAMADA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, HAMAO UME ...
    1975 Volume 28 Issue 7 Pages 558-560
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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