-
TAKASHI IWASA, TOYOKAZU KISHI, KAZUHO MATSUURA, OSAMU WAKAE
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
1-10
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A taxonomic study of
Streptomyces strain T-36496, which produces an antibiotic effective against rice blast, revealed that it represented a new taxon and it was named
Streptomyces novoguineensis sp. nov. The antibiotic, which was named amipurimycin, showed antifungal activity
in vitro and considerable curative effect on leaf blast both in green house and field tests at concentrations ranging from 10 to 20 ppm. It was also effective against neck and panicle blast at the same concentration range.
View full abstract
-
SETSUO HARADA, TOYOKAZU KISHI
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
11-16
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A new antibiotic amipurimycin, active against
Pyricularia oryzae in vitro and
in vivo, was isolated from the culture filtrate of
Streptomyces novoguineensis nov. sp. The antibiotic was purified by a combination of ion-exchange and adsorption chromatography based on its amphoteric water-soluble characteristics. Its molecular formula was estimated to be C
20H
27-31N
7O
8.H
2O. Characteristic maxima in the UV spectrum and signals in the PMR and CMR spectra were similar to those of 2-aminopurine 9-(β-D)-riboside. These findings indicated that amipurimycin is a new nucleoside antibiotic and the first example of a natural product containing 2-amino-purine.
View full abstract
-
I. TAXONOMY, FERMENTATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES
TAKASHI NARA, MITSUYOSHI YAMAMOTO, SEIGO TAKASAWA, SEIJI SATO, TOMOYAS ...
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
17-24
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A soil isolate named
Streptomyces hofunensis sp. nov. was found to produce seldomycin factors 1, 2, 3 and 5, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. Taxonomy of the producing organism, a study of cultural conditions for seldomycin production, and antibacterial activity of seldomycins are reported. Seldomycin factor 5 was the most active both
in vitro and
in vivo against gram-positive and negative bacteria.
View full abstract
-
II. ISOLATION, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES
SEUI SATO, SEIGO TAKASAWA, TOMOYASU SATO, MITSUYOSHI YAMAMOTO, RYO OKA ...
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
25-30
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
An antibiotic complex consisting of four components, seldomycin factors 1, 2, 3 and 5 was isolated from the fermentation broth of
Streptomyces hofunensis sp. nov. by use of a cationic exchange resin. After silica gel column chromatography, the purified components were characterized as new aminoglycoside antibiotics by their physicochemical, chromatographic and antimicrobial properties.
View full abstract
-
III. THE STRUCTURES OF SELDOMYCIN FACTORS 1 AND 2
RICHARD S. EGAN, ARTHUR C. SINCLAIR, R. LARRY DE VAULT, JAMES B. MCALP ...
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
31-38
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The structures of seldomycin factors 1 and 2 have been determined by consideration of chemical degradation and spectral properties. Factor 1, also known as XK-88-1, is shown to be 6-0-(2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-xylopyranosyl) paromamine (
1) and factor 2, also known as XK-88-2, is shown to be 4'-deoxy-neamine (
2GS). Mass spectral evidence has been obtained that suggests the most probable structure for seldomycin factor 3, also known as XK-88-3, is 6'-amino-6'-deoxyseldomycin factor 1 (
12).
View full abstract
-
IV. THE STRUCTURE OF SELDOMYCIN FACTOR 5
JAMES B. MCALPINE, ARTHUR C. SINCLAIR, RICHARD S. EGAN, R. LARRY DE VA ...
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
39-49
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Seldomycin factor 5 is shown to be 4-O-[2, 6-diamino-2, 4, 6-trideoxy-α-D-
xylo-hexo. pyranosyl]-6-O-[2, 3-diamino-2, 3-dideoxy-4-O-methyl-α-D-
xylo-pyranosyl]-2-deoxystreptamine.
View full abstract
-
A. A. ASZALOS, N. R. BACHUR, B. K. HAMILTON, A. F. LANGLYKKE, P. P. RO ...
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
50-58
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Microorganisms reduced the side-chain carbonyl of daunorubicin to yield 13-dihydrodaunorubicin (daunorubicinol; daunomycinol). This microbial transformation occurred under aerobic conditions in agitated baffled shake flasks incubated at 37°C. The microorganisms were first grown in a medium which supported dense growth. Daunorubicin-HCl was then added. Following a period of incubation, broths were adjusted to pH 10.0 and extracted with chloroform. Daunorubicinol was recovered and purified from the chloroform extracts by preparative TLC. Identity of the daunorubicinol was established by TLC and spectroscopy (UV-vis, IR, NMR, MS, CD and ORD). N-Acetyldaunorubicin was likewise reduced microbially to N-acetyldaunorubicinol. N-Acetyldaunorubicinol appears to be a new compound which is yet to be tested for antitumor activity.
View full abstract
-
YOSHIO NISHIMURA, YOSHIYUKI KOYAMA, SUMIO UMEZAWA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, MAS ...
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
59-65
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Several derivatives of 5-ketocoriolin B (
8, 11, 12) chemically modified at C-8 have been synthesized. These derivatives showed antitumor and antibacterial activity of the same degree as 5-ketocoriolin B (
4) and diketocoriolin B (
5) which were the most active members of the known coriolin group antibiotics. These derivatives were more stable than
4 and
5 in acidic or alkaline solution.
View full abstract
-
D. D. Y. RYU, B. B. MUKHERJEE, B. K. LEE
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
66-70
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Two new penicillins and a new cephalosporin have been synthesized by condensing 2-hydroxy-l-naphthaldehyde with epicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid and cephradine, and subsequently reducing the SCHIFF bases with NaBH
4. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds are also described.
View full abstract
-
TAKASHI YAMAGUCHI, TSUTOMU TSUCHIYA, SUMIO UMEZAWA
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
71-75
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The first synthesis of 6'-
C-aminomethyl derivatives (6'-epimers) of 3'-deoxyparomamine is reported starting from 3'-deoxyparomamine by way of 6'-
O-tritylation,
O-acetylation, hydrolysis of the trityl group, conversion of the 6'-hydroxyl group into an aldehyde group, nitromethane condensation of the aldehyde group and catalytic reduction of the nitro group into an amino group.
View full abstract
-
HIROFUMI NAKANO, YUJI MATSUHASHI, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, HAMAO UMEZAWA
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
76-82
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Chloramphenicol-3-acetate esterase activity was detected in cell-free extracts of strains of
Streptomyces venezuelae, Streptomyces sp. and
Streplosporangium viridogriseum var. kofuense which produced chloramphenico] and also
Corynebacterium hydrocarboclsastus which produced chloramphenicol analogs (corynecins).
None of the cell-free extracts of chloramphenicol- or corynecin-producing strains possessed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity under conditions which avoided the influence of the esterase activity.
Among 20 strains examined that did not produce chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was detected in cell-free extracts of one strain of
Streptomyces coelicolor Müller and one strain of
S. fradiaeNS ISP5063.
View full abstract
-
A. DIEDRICHSEN, J. BANG, H. HEDING
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
83-87
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Previously described cases of streptomycin inactivation by R-factor carrying strains of
E. coli have not lead to any measurable decrease in antimicrobial potency in the bulk substrate toward the culture. In these cases each cell inactivates only a few molecules. Out of 1, 800 strains of
E. coli we have isolated five strains which inactivate streptomycin in large amounts giving a final concentration of the inactivation product of 0.25 mg/ml in 36 hours. Unlike all other streptomycin-resistant strains investigated these five strains were sensitive to butyl-streptomycylamine, a streptomycin derivative acting in the same way as streptomycin. The crude inactivation product has been isolated. Inorganic phosphate is liberated by treatment with alkaline phosphatase resulting in a streptomycin-like compound without any antimicrobial activity.
View full abstract
-
I. CONVERSION OF AMINOCYCLITOLS TO NEW AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS
D. ROSI, W. A. GOSS, S. J. DAUM
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
88-97
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
By mutation and strain improvement techniques idiotrophs of
Micromonospora purpurea, the gentamicin-producing organism, were obtained which require an exogenous source of 2-deoxystreptamine in order to produce gentamicin. Streptamine incorporation afforded a mixture of 2-hydroxygentamicin C as a complex of essentially the C
1 and C
2 components whereas 2-deoxystreptamine when incorporated by the same idiotroph afforded the same mixture of C
1, C
2 and C
1a gentamicins as the parent (m
1) organism. The 2-hydroxygentamicin C complex exhibited broad-spectrum antibiotic activity with an
in vitro potency less than that for the gentamicin C complex, but with greater activity against selected gentamicin C resistant organisms. The LD
50 (i.v.) in mice of the 2-hydroxygentamicin C complex indicated that it had approximately half the toxicity of the gentamicin C complex. 2, 5-Dideoxystreptamine afforded a C
1, C
2, and C
1a mixture of 5-deoxygentamicins, which also had broad spectrum activity, and exhibited improved activity against several gentamicin-acetylating strains of resistant bacteria. The LD
50 (i.v.) in mice of the 5-deoxygentamicin C complex indicated that it was about 2.5 times more toxic than the gentamicin C complex. Two derivatives of 2, 5-dideoxystreptamine afforded the same mixture of 5-deoxygen-tamicins. 2-Epistreptamine upon supplementation to a broth containing growing cultures of these idiotrophs also produced antibiotic.
View full abstract
-
II. CONVERSION OF NON-AMINO CONTAINING CYCLITOLS TO AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS
S. J. DAUM, D. ROSI, W. A. ROSS
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
98-105
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A mutant of
Micromonospora purpurea, which produces the gentamicin complex only when 2-deoxystreptamine is added to the fermentation medium, produces a new antibiotic complex, 2-hydroxygentamicin, when streptamine or 2, 4, 6/3, 5-pentahydroxycyclohexanone is added to the fermentation medium. This mutant also produces the gentamicin complex when 2, 4/3, 5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanone is added to the fermentation medium. The C
1 and C
2 components of 2-hydroxygentamicin have broad spectrum
in vitro antibacterial activity similar to the gentamicin C
1 and C
2 components, but with greater activity against some gentamicin-resistant strains.
View full abstract
-
U. GRÄFE, G. REINHARDT, H. BOCKER, H. THRUM
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
106-110
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The incorporation of uniformly
14C-labeled compounds into the streptothricin-type antibiotic nourseothricin was studied with a strain of
Streptomyces noursei JA 3890b. 6.5% of radioactivity from U-
14C-L-arginine was incorporated into the antibiotic, while glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, proline, glycine and leucine displayed much lower incorporations. Furthermore, 95% of the activity incorporated from arginine was located in the streptolidine moiety supporting the suggestion that this subunit of streptothricin antibiotics is formed
via the dehydroarginine pathway.
View full abstract
-
MASAHIKO KISUMI, MASAKI SUGIURA, TSUTOMU TAKAGI, ICHIRO CHIBATA
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
111-117
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A gene coding for desensitized L-threonine dehydratase was transduced with phage PS20 into a leucine accumulator of
Serratia marcescens Sr41. The transductant converted L-threonine to α-ketobutyrate, a precursor of both norvaline and isoleucine. An isoleucine-valine auxotroph of the transductant accumulated large amount of norvaline from L-threonine as well as from D-threonine.
View full abstract
-
PAUL B. FISHER, VERNON BRYSON, CARL P. SCHAFFNER
1977 Volume 30 Issue 1 Pages
118-123
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Amphotericin B methyl ester (AME), the chemically modified derivative of amphotericin B, induced a concentration-dependent growth stimulatory effect on B82 mouse cells as indicated by increased 24- and 72-hour viable cell number, growth rate and DNA and RNA synthesis. In contrast, AME was not growth promoting toward RAG mouse cells or B82-RAG somatic cell hybrids, while hybrid cells exhibited the increased AME resistance pattern of B82 parental cells. A dissociation between the phenotypic expression of growth stimulation and polyene sensitivity was demonstrated in intraspecific mouse hybrids.
View full abstract