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K. RICHARDSON, K. W. BRAMMER, S. JEVONS, R. M. PLEWS, J. R. WRIGHT
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
973-977
Published: 1979
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VI. SCREENING METHOD FOR THE SPECIFIC INHIBITORS OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS
SATOSHI OMURA, HARUO TANAKA, RUIKO OIWA, TOSHIAKI NAGAI, YASUAKI KOYAM ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
978-984
Published: 1979
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A screening method was established for selecting new specific inhibitors of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis. In the primary test, culture broths of soil isolates were selected based on relative microbial activity. A culture, to be retained, must be active against
Bacillus subtilis and lack activities against
Acholeplasma laidlawii. In the secondary test, inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis were identified by their ability to prevent the incorporation of
meso-[
3H]diaminopimelic acid but not to prevent the incorporation of L-[
14C]leucine into the acidinsoluble macromolecular fraction of growing cells of
Bacillus sp. ATCC 21206 (Dpm
). As the tertiary test, inhibitors with molecular weights under 1, 000 were selected by passage through a Diaflo UM-2 membrane. By this screening procedure, six known antibiotics and one new one were picked out from ten thousand soil isolates.
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BY PSEUDONOCARDIA AZUREA NOV. SP. TAXONOMY OF THE PRODUCING ORGANISM, ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
SATOSHI OMURA, HARUO TANAKA, YOSHITAKE TANAKA, PRISKA SPIRI-NAKAGAWA, ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
985-994
Published: 1979
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Two new basic water-soluble antibiotics, azureomycins A and B, were isolated from the culture broth of an actinomycete, strain AM-3696, designated as
Pseudonocardia azurea nov. sp. The antibiotics exhibit moderate antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria including penicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium and
Clostridium. They inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan.
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VIII. MODE OF ACTION OF A NEW ANTIBIOTIC, AZUREOMYCIN B, IN BACILLUS CEREUS T
PRISKA SPIRI-NAKAGAWA, YOSHITAKE TANAKA, RUIKO OIWA, HARUO TANAKA, SAT ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
995-1001
Published: 1979
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Azureomycin B, a new antibiotic which contains sugar, amino acid and phenol moieties and inhibits Gram-positive bacteria, was found to be a specific inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacteria. The antibiotic lysed growing cells of
Bacillus cereus T at a concentration of 10 μg/ml but did not affect resting cells. Microscopical observation revealed swelling and lysis of the bacterial rods when treated with azureomycin B. The incorporation of [
3H]diaminopimelic acid or [
14C]glucosamine into acid-insoluble fraction of growing cells of
Bacillus
cereus T was strongly inhibited in the presence of azureomycin B, but that of [
14C]leucine, [
3H]thymidine or [
3H]uridine were not, at least until 5 minutes after the beginning of the incubation. The antibiotic caused accumulation of a nucleotide precursor in the cells which was identified as UDP-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-Glu-
mesoDpm-D-Ala-D-Ala. Thus the site of action was suggested to lie between this nucleotide and peptidoglycan in the pathway of peptidoglycan synthesis.
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III. PRODUCTION, STRUCTURES AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NEOVIRIDOGRISEINS I AND III
YASUSHI OKUMURA, TOMOKO TAKEI, MICHIKO SAKAMOTO, TOMOYUKI ISHIKURA, YA ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1002-1010
Published: 1979
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The high response of our isolate of
Streptomyces griseoviridus was exploited to provoke the synthesis of new viridogrisein homologues by adding various amino acids to the culture medium in an attempt to replace the alanine, sarcosine, leucine and phenylsarcosine moieties of viridogrisein. Among the amino acids added, L- and DL-α-amino-
n-butyric acid and L-methionine gave new TLC spots which we named neoviridogriseins
I and
III and neoviridogrisein
VII, respectively. The structures of neoviridogriseins
I and
III were elucidated: In both compounds, the alanine moiety of viridogrisein is replaced by a L-α-amino-
n-butyric acid residue; furthermore, in neoviridogrisein
I, the
allo-hydroxy-D-proline is replaced by D-proline.
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FROM BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUÉRIN (BCG)
BADARUDDIN SHAIKH, WALTER L. ZIELINSKI, Jr., JOHN D. DOUROS
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1011-1015
Published: 1979
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Analysis of methanol extraction residue (MER) from Bacillus CALMETTE-GUËRI(BCG) was carried out to determine some specific chemical compositional characteristics. Samples of MER were found to contain approximately 40% protein and/or peptide, 3% soluble lipids, 17% bound lipids, 8% elemental nitrogen, and less than 2% mycolic acids. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of alanine, glycine and glutamic acid as the major amino acids. The data are reported in terms of the range found for each constituent over the samples analyzed. Somewhat consistent results were obtained between different MER preparations, but notable compositional variations were observed in samples of MER suspensions.
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NOBUFUSA SERIZAWA, KEIKO NAKAGAWA, SHOJI KAMIMURA, TETSUO MIYADERA, MA ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1016-1018
Published: 1979
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Cephalosporin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11) obtained from
Kluyvera citrophila ATCC 21285 was found to catalyze synthesis of 7-[2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-trifluoromethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid from methyl thienylacetate and
dl-7-amino-3-trifluoromethyl-3-cephem-4-
carboxylic acid. The enzymatically-synthesized compound showed [α]
25D +42.7°(
c 0.058, MeOH) and its
biological activity was about twice as much as that of racemic 7-[2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-tritluoromethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid chemically synthesized. As a result, N-acylation by this enzyme was demonstrated to be asymmetric synthesis.
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CHATRCHAI WATANAKUNAKORN, CHERYL GLOTZBECKER
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1019-1024
Published: 1979
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LY 127935 (6059-S), a new semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic was tested simultaneously with 6 cephalosporins, 3 aminoglycosides, carbenicillin and ticarcillin against 398 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci. Many of the organisms were selected for study because of known resistance to one or more of the clinically available antibiotics tested.
Escherichia coil, Klebsiella, Serratia and
Providencia were susceptible to LY 127935. Some resistant strains of
Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and
Acinetobacter were also resistant to LY 127935, but many of the strains resistant to other antibiotics were susceptible to LY 127935. The activity of LY 127935 against
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans and
Streptococcus bovis was similar to that of cephalexin and cephradine. LY 127935 was not active against methicillin-resistant
S. aureus nor enterococcus.
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CHAO-MIN LIU, THERON E. HERMANN, PHILIP A. MILLER
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1025-1032
Published: 1979
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he sensitivity of protein and aurodox synthesis to aurodox was examined in relationship to the development of resistance to aurodox in
Streptomyces goldiniensis during fermentation. It was found that the culture remains sensitive to the antibiotic as long as no aurodox is present in the medium. Resistance only develops when aurodox is present, either exogenously added or endogenously synthesized by the culture. These observations suggest that the development of resistance is an inducible process, and evidence is presented indicating that aurodox induces a specific resistance system in
S. goldiniensis.
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H. H. W. THIJSSEN
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1033-1037
Published: 1979
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Electron-impact mass-spectrometry of the methyl esters of the isoxazolylpenicillins and of their active metabolites showed the latter to be formed from their parent compounds by hydroxylation of the 5-methyl group.
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GEORGE P. SARTIANO, WILLIAM E. LYNCH, W. DARRELL BULLINGTON
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1038-1045
Published: 1979
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The effects of the anthracycline anti-tumor antibiotics, doxorubicin, daunomycin and rubidazone upon
3H-TTP incorporating activities of partially purified DNA polymerases and isolated liver nuclei were studied. Doxorubicin, daunomycin and rubidazone inhibited DNA polymerases α and β in proportion to drug dose, with consistent preferential inhibition of the α polymerase in comparison to the β polymerase for all three drugs. Studies with isolated nuclei, including normal liver nuclei (predominantly β polymerase activity), regenerating liver nuclei (α>β activity) and Brij 58, MgCl
2-extracted regeneratingliver nuclei (predominantly α activity), showed inhibition in the order Brij 58, MgCl
2-extracted regenerating regenerating normal nuclei, corroborating the results obtained with the separate polymerase activities. The elevations in DNA melting temperatures caused by the binding of doxorubicin, daunomycin and rubidazone correlated with the degrees of inhibition of the polymerase activities, suggesting that intercalative binding is the mechanism by which these three agents inhibit the DNA polymerases. It is suggested that preferential inhibition of the α polymerase (the putative replicative polymerase) in comparison to the β polymerase (the presumed repair polymerase) may underlie the Cell Cycle Specific character of the mechanism of action of these anthracycline antibiotics.
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BETTINA M. FROST, MARY E. VALIANT, EUGENE L. DULANEY
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1046-1049
Published: 1979
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JUICHI AWAYA, KYOKO MATSUYAMA, YUZURU IWAI, SATOSHI OMURA, HITOSHI OIW ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1050-1054
Published: 1979
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XV. FINAL STEPS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF LEUCOMYCINS
CHIAKI KITAO, HIDETAKA HAMADA, HARUO IKEDA, SATOSHI OMURA
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1055-1057
Published: 1979
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SATOSHI OMURA, HARUO IKEDA, CHIAKI KITAO
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1058-1060
Published: 1979
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TAKEO DEUSHI, AKIO IWASAKI, KAZUHIRO KAMIYA, TOSHIMI MIZOGUCHI, MASAHI ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1061-1065
Published: 1979
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ISAMU WATANABE, TAKEO DEUSHI, TAKASHI YAMAGUCHI, KAZUHIRO KAMIYA, MASA ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1066-1068
Published: 1979
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SHINICHI KONDO, YUKIO HORIUCHI, MASA HAMADA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, HAMAO UME ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1069-1071
Published: 1979
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KAZUO TORI, KATSUYA TOKURA, YOHKO YOSHIMURA, KEI OKABE, HIDEO OTSUKA, ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1072-1077
Published: 1979
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SYNTHESIS OF TUBERACTINOMYCIN N
TETSUO SHIBA, TOSHIHIKO ANDO, TADASHI TESHIMA
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1078-1079
Published: 1979
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LEONARD FALKOWSKI, BARBARA STEFANSKA, JAN ZIELINSKI, ELZBIETA BYLEC, J ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1080-1081
Published: 1979
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HAMAO UMEZAWA, YOSHIKAZU TAKAHASHI, MITSUHIRO KINOSHITA, HIROSHI NAGAN ...
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1082-1084
Published: 1979
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D. DANTCHEV, M. PAINTRAND, M. HAYAT, C. BOURUT, G. MATHE
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1085-1086
Published: 1979
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E. P. ABRAHAM
1979 Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages
1087-1088
Published: 1979
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