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I. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
K. H. MICHEL, R. M. SHAH, R. L. HAMILL
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1397-1406
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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The new antibiotic complex A35512 produced by
Streptomyces candidus was isolated from the filtered fermentation broth. The individual factors A, B, C, E, and H were separated and purified by column chromatography. A35512B, the major factor, was isolated as the dihydrochloride salt, a white crystalline compound with an approximate empirical formula of C
90H
101 N
8O
39Cl•2HCl. The A35512 antibiotics belong to the glycopeptide class of antibiotics and possess high
in vitro and
in vivo activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
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II. CHEMICAL STUDIES ON A35512B
MANUEL DEBONO, R. MICHAEL MOLLOY, MITCHELL BARNHART, DOUGLAS E. DORMAN
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1407-1416
Published: 1980
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The glycopeptide antibiotic A35512B was isolated from
Streptomyces candidus NRRL 8156 as the major active factor. Chemical degradation studies showed that mild acid hydrolysis resulted in the release, one molecule each, of four neutral sugars: rhamnose, fucose, glucose and mannose, as well as the liberation of a complex peptide core which retained all the amino acids and from which 3-amino-2, 3, 6-trideoxy-3-C-methyl-L-
xylo-hexopyranosae, new amino sugar, was isolated (
2). Oxidative degradation of A35512B resulted in the isolation of a chlorodiphenylether (
5), dimethyl 4-methoxyisophthalate (
7) and methyl 3, 5-bis-(4-methoxycarbonylphenoxy)- 4-methoxybenzoate (
6). The structure of
5 could not be conclusively elucidated but was shown to be either 5-chloro-2', 3-dimethoxy-2, 5'-dicarbomethoxy diphenylether (
5a) or 2-chloro-2', 3-dimethoxy-5, 5'-dicarbomethoxy diphenylether (
5b) by physical methods. This halogenated fragment was shown to arise from oxidation of constituent amino acid (
10) which has the aromatic substitution pattern of fragment (
5a or
5b). Base hydrolysis resulted in theisolation of a phenanthridine (
9) which arose from 2', 4, 6-trihydroxybiphenyl-2, 5'-diyldiglycine. These chemical degradation studies on A35512B showed that this antibiotic is closely related to the ristocetin class of antibiotics.
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I. TAXONOMY OF THE PRODUCING STRAIN, FERMENTATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES
AKIRA IMADA, YUKIMASA NOZAKI, KAZUHIKO KINTAKA, KENJI OKONOGI, KAZUAKI ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1417-1424
Published: 1980
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C-19393 S
2and H
2 are new carbapenem antibiotics produced by a streptomycete. The producing strain was taxonomically studied and named
Streptomyces griseussubsp.
cryophilus. Cobaltous compounds were necessary for production of the antibiotics. C-19393 S
2 and H
2 showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities with C-19393 H
2 being 8-120 times more active than C-19393 S
2. They also exhibited β-lactamase-inhibiting activities and acted synergistically with ampicillin and cefotiam against clinical isolates resistant toβ-lactam antibiotics.
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II. ISOLATION AND STRUCTURES
SETSUO HARADA, SUSUMU SHINAGAWA, YUKIMASA NOZAKI, MITSUKO ASAI, TOYOKA ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1425-1430
Published: 1980
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Two new β-lactam antibiotics, C-19393 S
2 (
1) and H
2 (
2), were isolated from the culture filtrate of
Streptomyces griseus subsp.
cryophilus nov. subsp. The structures were determined by spectral analysis as shown in Fig. 2. The antibiotics have broad antimicrobial activity and strongly inhibit β-lactamases. The minor product (
2) is more stable than cephalosporin C in aqueous solution.
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HUBERT MAEHR, CHAO-MIN LIU, THERON HERMANN, BARBARA LA T. PROSSER, JOA ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1431-1436
Published: 1980
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Micromonospora echinospora strain X-14847 produces gentamicin A as the major antibiotic together with a new aminoglycoside, termed X-14847, and identified as a 2-amino-2-deoxy-α- D-glucopyranosyl
myo-inositol. This report describes the taxonomy of the culture, fermentation conditions, the isolation and the identification of X-14847.
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YOHKO KUSAKABE, SHOJIROH MITSUOKA, YUKIKO OMURO, AKIO SEINO
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1437-1442
Published: 1980
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A new polyether antibiotic, No. 6016, was isolated from the culture of
Streptomyces albus strain No. 6016. The antibiotic was obtained as colorless prisms having a molecular formula of C
46H
77O
16Na, m.p. 192-195°C (dec.), and has only end absorption in ultraviolet region. The infrared and NMR spectra of the antibiotic suggest the presence of carbonyl and methoxyl groups. The antibiotic No. 6016 exhibits activity against Gram-positive bacteria including mycobacteria and is effective in the treatment of coccidiosis of fowl.
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I. PRODUCING ORGANISM, FERMENTATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
SEIICHI TANIDA, TORU HASEGAWA, MASAYUKI MUROI, EIJI HIGASHIDE
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1443-1448
Published: 1980
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Dnacins are new antibiotics produced by an actinomycete, strain No. C-14482 (N-1001). The characteristic features of the organism are: the formation of coremia on solid media, production of rod-shaped motile spores with peritrichous flagella from mature aerial mycelia, fragmentation of the mature organism (at later stage of growth) in liquid media in which some fragmented elements have motility, lysozyme resistance,
meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall, and a guanine-cytosine content of 71±1 mol%. The organism has been designated as
Nocardia sp. No. C-14482 (N-1001). Dnacins show strong activity against various Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and acid-fast bacteria, but slight activity against fungi. The antibiotics hardly affect the growth of
Escherichia coli K-12 under anaerobic condition even at concentrations more than five times that of the minimum inhibitory concentrations under aerobic conditions.
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II. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
MASAYUKI MUROI, SEIICHI TANIDA, MITSUKO ASAI, TOYOKAZU KISHI
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1449-1456
Published: 1980
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Dnacins A
1and B
1, new basic antibiotics with strong and broad antibacterial activities, were isolated as dark red or reddish brown needles from the culture broth of
Nocardia sp. No. C-14482. The characteristic absorption maxima at 213 nm, 281 or 283 nm and 496 nm in the UV and visible range and other physicochemical properties indicated that dnacins A
1 and B
1 are novel antibiotics which belong to the group having aminobenzoquinone moieties.
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III. ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE OF IREMYCIN
W. IHN, B. SCHLEGEL, W. F. FLECK, P. SEDMERA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1457-1461
Published: 1980
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The structure of the anthracycline antibiotic iremycin isolated from
Streptomyces violaceus subspecies
iremyceticus has been elucidated as 10-(α-L-rhodosaminyl)-γ-rhodomycinone (
I) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical reactions.
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I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCING STRAIN
ARPAD GREIN, SERGIO MERLI, CELESTINO SPALLA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1462-1467
Published: 1980
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During the course of successive mutagenic treatments of
Streptomyces peucetius var.
caesius, producer of anthracyclines, a novel mutant was isolated from a plate of the surviving population. This mutant showed remarkable morphological, cultural and biochemical differences when compared to the original strain. The new culture produced four new glycosides of a novel class within the group of the daunorubicin related anthracyclines, two ofwhich were also present in the original strain. To our surprise the taxonomical study carried out on this mutant allowed its assignment to the genus
Micromonospora ØRSKOV (1923). The possibilities of whether this new strain has originated from a contamination or from a mutation are discussed. The type strain is
Micromonospora sp. strain B 211 F.I. (=ATCC 31366; DSM 1190; FRI 4363).
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II. ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
GIUSEPPE CASSINELLI, FRANCO DI MATTEO, SALVATORE FORENZA, MARIA CLARA ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1468-1473
Published: 1980
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Four glycosides, designated A, B, C and D, are the main components of the anthracycline complex produced by cultures of
Micromonospora sp. nov. They were extracted by solvent partition, separated by column chromatography and characterized by chemical and physical methods as 11-deoxy analogues of daunorubicin. Among these new anthracyclines, displaying antibacterial and cytotoxic activity
in vitro, 11-deoxydaunorubicin and 11-deoxydoxorubicin are also active against P388 leukemia in mice.
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I. CULTIVATION, ISOLATION, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
K. GERTH, H. IRSCHIK, H. REICHENBACH, W. TROWITZSCH
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1474-1479
Published: 1980
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Myxothiazol (AB-Mx f16-1
*), a new antifungal antibiotic, is produced by the myxobacterium
Myxococcus fulvus strain Mx f16. It is active against many filamentous fungi, and completely inhibits growth of
Mucor hiemalis at a concentration of 2μg/ml. The molecular formula of myxothiazol was determined to be C
25H
33N
3O
3S
2.
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II. STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION
WOLFRAM TROWITZSCH, GÜNTHER REIFENSTAHL, VICTOR WRAY, KLAUS GERTH
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1480-1490
Published: 1980
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Myxothiazol is shown to be 4-(6-carbamoyl-3, 5-dimethoxy-4-methylhexa-1E, 5E-dienyl)-2'-(1, 6-dimethylhepta-2E, 4E-dienyl)-2, 4'-bithiazole by spectroscopic (mainly
1H NMR,
13C NMR and mass spectroscopic) and chemical methods.
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KOJI TOMITA, YUTAKA HOSHINO, TAKASHI SASAHIRA, KEIKO HASEGAWA, MASAKO ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1491-1501
Published: 1980
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An aerobic actinomycete strain isolated from an Indian soil sample and designated No. E864-61 was found to produce in submerged fermentation a new antibiotic complex, Bu-2313 (components A and B). Strain E864-61 forms single, pairs or chains of three to eight spores on the aerial mycelium and its aerial mass color is grayish blue-green. The cell wall of strain E864-61 contains
meso-diaminopimelic acid and galactose. Strain E864-61 has been classified as a new species of the genus
Microtetraspora and designated as
Microtetraspora caesia sp. nov.
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I. THE USE OF PLASMID PROFILES IN SCREENING ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING STREPTOMYCETES
KUNIMOTO HOTTA, NORIKO SAITO, YOSHIRO OKAMI
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1502-1509
Published: 1980
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Plasmid profiles were used to screen streptomycetes for production of new antibiotics. Among about 100 strains isolated from sea muds, an isolate designated SS-939 was revealed to harbor several plasmids of different sizes, and to produce istamycins, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. Based on the characteristics of the strain, a new
Streptomyces species is proposed:
S. tenjimariensis.
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II. POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF PLASMID IN ISTAMYCIN PRODUCTION
KUNIMOTO HOTTA, YOSHIRO OKAMI, HAMAO UMEZAWA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1510-1514
Published: 1980
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Acriflavine treatment of an istamycin-producing
Streptomyces tenjimariensis strain designated SS-939 resulted in a high frequency of isolates with reduced istamycin production. Some of these were shown to have lost a particular plasmid present in the parent strain. Istamycin production by these isolates was largely restored by the addition of 2-deoxystreptaminc (DOS) to the medium whereas the effect of DOS was small in the strain SS-939. Sodium palmitate also stimulated production, especially when added together with DOS. These stimulative effects by DOS and palmitate, however, were not exhibited in the presence of glucose (1.0%).
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III. NUTRITIONAL EFFECTS ON ISTAMYCIN PRODUCTION AND ADDITIONAL CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ISTAMYCINS
KUNIMOTO HOTTA, MAKOTO YOSHIDA, MASA HAMADA, YOSHIRO OKAMI
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1515-1520
Published: 1980
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Streptomyces tenjimariensis SS-939 produced istamycins in a medium containing starch as the carbon source and soy bean meal as the nitrogen source. Istamycin production decreased substantially when starch was substituted with mono- or di- saccharides such as glucose, glycerol and maltose. A marked decrease of istamycin production was also observed when a rapidly used nitrogen source such as yeast extract, peptone or casamino acid was employed instead of soy bean meal. Addition of palmitate at a concentration of 0.2% doubled istamycin production. Istamycins A and B were found to be as active as fortimicin A and sporaricin A against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including aminoglycosideresistant strains.
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HIROSHI NOGUCHI, MASATOMO FUKASAWA, TOSHIAKI KOMATSU, SHIZUKO IYOBE, S ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1521-1526
Published: 1980
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Two types of mutants highly sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics were obtained from
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO 2142 by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. One type of mutant showed over 30 times higher sensitivity to mecillinam, carbenicillin and sulbenicillin than did the parent, but not to most other beta-lactam antibiotics tested. In contrast, the other type mutant was about 30 times more sensitive to ampicillin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin and cefmetazole, but resistant to mecillinam, carbenicillin and sulbenicillin at the same level as the parent. Beta-lactamase activity of these mutants was not different from that of the parent. Defect in either of penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B or 5 was observed in some mutants of
P. aeruginosa highly sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics.
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EUNG CHIL CHOI, TOSHIO NISHIMURA, YOKO TANAKA, NOBUO TANAKA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1527-1531
Published: 1980
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Cross resistance of kanamycin-resistant mutants of
E. coli Q13 to other aminoglycosides (streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin and dibekacin) was demonstrated
in vivo (growth) and
in vitro (polyphenylalanine synthesis, codon misreading and translocation on the ribosomes). Kanamycin-resistant mutants, R1-4, R2-1, R2-2, R3-3 and R3-5 showed various degrees of cross-resistance to streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin and dibekacin
in vivo. In vitro, polyphenylalanine synthesis was more resistant to kanamycin, streptomycin, neomycin and gentamicin on the ribosomes of the kanamycin-resistant mutants than on those of the parental strain. In the presence of kanamycin, neomycin or gentamicin, less degrees of [
14C]isoleucine uptake with poly[U] (codon misreading) were observed on the ribosomes obtained from the resistant mutants than on the sensitive cell ribosomes. The N-acetyl-[
14C]phenylalanyl-puromycin synthesis enhanced by an elongation factor, EF-G and GTP (translocation) was more resistant to kanamycin and dibekacin on the mutant ribosomes than on the parental ribosomes. The results indicate that the cross-resistance to other aminoglycoside antibiotics, as well as the kanamycin resistance, are attributed to mutational alterations of the ribosomes in these mutants.
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KANJI TSUCHIYA, YASUO KITA, IWAO YAMAZAKI, MASAHIRO KONDO, YUMIKO NOJI ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1532-1544
Published: 1980
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The levels of cefmenoxime (SCE-1365)[ 7β-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-[
Z]-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid] and cefotaxime [7β-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-[
Z]-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-acetoxymethyl-ceph-3- em-4-carboxylic acid] in plasma and tissues, and the excretion in urine and bile of experimental animals were compared. A single dose of 20 mg/kg of cephalosporins was administered subcutaneously to mice and intramuscularly to rats, rabbits and dogs. The cefmenoxime and cefotaxime levels in plasma and tissues reached a peak in 15-30 minutes after administration. The cefmenoxime levels in plasma were slightly higher than that of cefotaxime in rats and slightly lower in mice, rabbits and dogs. The tissue levels of cefmenoxime, however, were much higher than those of cefotaxime. In mice and rats, cefmenoxime was distributed in high concentration to various tissues in the descending order of the kidney, plasma, liver, lung, spleen and brain; in rabbits, kidney, plasma, lung, liver, spleen and brain; and in dogs, kidney, liver, plasma, lung, spleen and brain. The plasma and tissue levels of cefmenoxime persisted much longer than those of cefotaxime. Both cephalosporins were excreted principally in the urine. A high biliary excretion of cefmenoxime was observed in rats and dogs. In the specimens from animals given cefotaxime, deacetylcefotaxime was found in various amounts.
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HIDEO SUZUKI, SHOGO OZAWA, NOBUO TANAKA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1545-1550
Published: 1980
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Low molecular weight substances were separated from antitumor protein antibiotics, auromomycin and neocarzinostatin, by Sephadex G50 column chromatography, after denaturation with 8 M Urea. The low molecular weight fraction of auromomycin, but not the protein fraction, showed antimicrobial and DNA-cleaving activities.
More than 90% of the auromomycin and neocarzinostatin proteins were digested with a high concentration of pronase E. The digested samples of both antibiotics exhibited the same degree of activities as the original drugs in the inhibition of growth and DNA synthesis of mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells and in causing strand scission of isolated PM2 phage DNA. The low molecular weight chromophores were recovered on Sephadex G50 column from the pronase-digested antibiotics. The results suggest that the
in vitro biological activity of auromomycin and neocarzinostatin are principally attributed to the non-protein compounds of low molecular weight.
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MIKIKO ITO-KAGAWA, YASUO KOYAMA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1551-1555
Published: 1980
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A colistin-inactivating enzyme, colistinase was produced by
Bacillus polymyxa var.
colistinus KOYAMA, a colistin-producing microorganism. The crude colistinase was fractionated as two components (colistinase I and II) by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. Colistinase II was further purified and then, it showed as a single band in polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of colistinase II was about 20, 000 by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and the isoelectric point was at about 8.3. Colistinase II cleaved specifically between the 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid of the side chain and 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid adjacent in the cyclic peptide portion of colistin molecule.
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NORBERT PALMA, FRANZ KNAUSEDER
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1556-1559
Published: 1980
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K. BUSH, J. FREUDENBERGER, R. B. SYKES
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1560-1562
Published: 1980
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KATSUYA TOKURA, KAZUO TORI, YOHKO YOSHIMURA, KEI OKABE, HIDEO OTSUKA, ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1563-1567
Published: 1980
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SATOSHI OMURA, YOSHITAKE TANAKA, HARUO TANAKA, YOKO TAKAHASHI, YUZURU ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1568-1569
Published: 1980
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SATOSHI OMURA, HARUO IKEDA, HAJIME MATSUBARA, NORIAKI SADAKANE
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1570-1572
Published: 1980
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YUKIHIKO KANIEDA, NAOKI ASANO, MASANORI TERANISHI, KATSUHIKO MATSUI
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1573-1574
Published: 1980
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YUKIHIKO KAMEDA, NAOKI ASANO, MICHIYO YOSHIKAWA, KATSUHIKO MATSUI
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1575-1576
Published: 1980
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YUKIO HORIUCHI, DAISHIROIK EDA, SHINICHI KONDO, HAMAO UNIEZASA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1577-1580
Published: 1980
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HAMAO UMEZAWA, YOSHIKAZU TAKAHASHI, MITSUHIRO KINOSHITA, HIROSHI NAGAN ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1581-1585
Published: 1980
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KIYOTO EDO, SHOICHI ISEKI, NAKAO ISHIDA, TAKASHI HORIE, GENJIRO KUSANO ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1586-1589
Published: 1980
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KENZO OHTSUKI, TSUNEAKI KOIKE, TETSUO SATO, KANEKO KOYAMA, NAKAO ISHID ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1590-1593
Published: 1980
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HAMAO UMEZAWA, TAKAAKI AOYAGI, KAZUMICHI UOTANI, MASA HAMADA, TOMIO TA ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1594-1596
Published: 1980
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KAZUMORI YAMAMOTO, HIROYUKI SUDA, MASAAKI ISHIZUKA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI, TA ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 12 Pages
1597-1599
Published: 1980
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