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I. FERMENTATION, EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
KATSU-ICHI SAKANO, KURUMI ISHIMARU, SHOSHIRO NAKAMURA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
683-689
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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An unidentified
Streptomyces, tentatively designated as Strain H 1051-MY 10, was proved to produce viomycin and two new antibiotics. The new antibiotics were extracted from the cultured mycelia with acetone and transferred to ethyl acetate after acetone was removed
in vacuo. The extracted antibiotics were separated into two components by alumina column chromatography and named carbazomycins A and B, because both antibiotics were proved to contain a carbazole nucleus. The molecular formulae of carbazomycins A and B were determined to be C
16H
17NO
2 and C
15H
15NO
2 respectively. Further, carbazomycin B was methylated with diazomethane to give carbazomycin A. Carbazomycins inhibited the growth of phytophathogenic fungi and further showed weak antibacterial and antiyeast activities.
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L. A. DOLAK, T. M. CASTLE, A. L. LABORDE
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
690-694
Published: 1980
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3-Amino-3-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (α, α-3-trehalosamine) was isolated from a culture of
Nocardiopsis trehalosei sp. nov. (NRRL 12026). The structure was determined using a combination of spectroscopic techniques on derivatives of the component sugars, especially gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compound exhibited antibiotic activity against Gram-positive organisms at levels similar to what was found for the 2-and 4-trehalosamines.
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YOSHIHARU WAKISAKA, KENZO KOIZUMI, YOJI NISHIMOTO, MASAAKI KOBAYASHI, ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
695-704
Published: 1980
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A newly isolated bacterium which produces antibacterial substances as below was taxonomicallycharacterized and identifiedw ith
Corynebacterium equi. The major antibiotic produced was determined to be hygromycin by direct comparison. The minor component, newly named epihygromycin was proved to be an epimer of hygromycin by spectroscopic evidences and by chemical conversions. The presence of epihygromycin in the metabolites of
Streptomyces noboritoensis (reported to be a hygromycin producer) was also observed.
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13. CONVERSIONS OF 13-BLOCKED ANTHRACYCLINONES
GENG SHUEN WU, ANTHONY GARD, JOHN P. ROSAZZA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
705-710
Published: 1980
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Microbial transformation experiments were performed using 13-ketone-blocked daunomycinone derivatives which were converted into the corresponding carminomycinone derivatives by microbial O-demethylation.
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CHIAKI KITAO, HARUO TANAKA, SHIZUKO MINAMI, SATOSHI OMURA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
711-716
Published: 1980
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The biosynthetic relationship of the nanaomycins produced by
Streptumyces rosa var.
notoensis OS-3966 was studied by means of a bioconversion method using the antibiotic cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid and polyketide biosyntheses. Nanaomycin D was considered to be the first component produced from the hypothetical intermediate "polyketide". It is proposed that the biosynthetic sequence for the nanaomycin is: nanaomycin D→nanaomycin A→nanaomycin E→nanaomycin B. Nanaomycin B can be converted to nanaomycin A by non-enzymatic dehydration; however, nanaomycin A is rapidly bioconverted to nanaomycin E, which is the major component synthesized by the nanaomycin-producing strain.
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BIOSYNTHETIC STUDY USING 13C-ENRICHED PRECURSORS
TOKUJI NAKATANI, AKIO FUJII, HIROSHI NAGANAWA, TOMOHISA TAKITA, HAMAO ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
717-721
Published: 1980
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3-Morpholinopropylamino-bleomycin (MOP-BLM) was produced by the culture of
Streptomyces verticillusATCC 15003 grown in the presence of a
13C-enriched compound and 3-morpholinopropylamine in the medium, and the resulting MOP-BLM was analyzed by
13C-NMR spectrometry. In the spectrum of MOP-BLM produced by addition of
13C-methyl-L-methionine, the intensities of two signals assigned to the methyl carbon of the pyrimidine hromophore and of the 2-position of the-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid moiety were remarkably enhanced. When DL-alanine-3-
13C was added, the signals emanated from the 5-methyl and 2-methine carbons of the amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid moiety were markedly enhanced. These results definitely indicate that the methyl group of the pyrimidine moiety originates from methionine-methyl group and the carbon skeleton of the pentanoic acid moiety is formed from alanine, acetate and methionine-methyl group. This study also revealed that the former assignment of the two signals from the two methyl carbons of the 4-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoic acid moiety must be reversed.
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BOUDEWIJN MEESSCHAERT, PAUL ADRIAENS, HENDRIK EYSSEN
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
722-730
Published: 1980
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When δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine was added to a cell-free system prepared by lysis of
Penicillirmr chrysogenum protoplasts, "compounds X and Y" were detected after analysis on a cation-exchange column. The chromatographic position as well as results of experiments with double labelled tripeptides showed "compound X" to be the penicilloic acid of isopenicillin N. LLD-Tripeptide labelled with tritium at carbon-2 of the valine part was incorporated into isopenicillin N with retention of label. "Compound Y" retained all hydrogens on the valine part of the peptide, but lost half of the tritium on carbon-3 of the cysteine part. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the LLD-tripeptide is converted into isopenicillin N
via a monocyclic β-lactam and without a dehydrovalinyl intermediate. Extensise transacylase activity was observed between isopenicillin N and 6-arninopenicillanic acid.
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JUNZO MIZOGUCHI, TOSHIRO MOROHOSHI, HIDEKAZU SUGINAKA, HIDEKAZU SUGINA ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
731-736
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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The membrane fraction prepared from β-lactamase producing
Citrobacter freundii GN346 catalyzed
in vitropeptidoglycan synthesis from uridine-5'-diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-
meso-diaminopimelyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine and uridine-5'-diphosphate-Nacetylglucosamine, which was accompanied by the release of alanine from the carboxyl terminal end of the former substrate. Though this reaction was inhibited by benzylpenicillin (PCG) and ampicillin (ABPC), the reaction was relatively insensitive compared with that catalyzed by the membrane fraction from a derived β-lactamaseless mutant strain GN346/16. In contrast, the enzyme activity of the parent strain was strongly inhibited by a combination of PCG or ABPC and dicloxacillin (MDIPC). The β-lactamase present in the membrane fraction from the parent strain showed stronger activity than that from the mutant strain, and the activity was inhibited by MDIPC as in the case of the soluble enzyme localized in the periplasmic space.
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TOSHIO NISHIMURA, HIDEO SUZUKI, KEIKO MUTO, YOKO TANAKA, NOBUO TANAKA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
737-743
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 12, 2006
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An aclacinomycin A-resistant subline of mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells was isolated by successive treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the antibiotic. IC
50(50% growth inhibition) in culture was observed at a drug concentration of 0.22μg/ml, which was
ca. 11 times higher than IC
50 for the parental cells. The resistant cell line exhibited cross resistance to mitomycin C, actinomycin D, macromomycin, auromomycin, vinblastine, cytochalasin B, and other anthracyclines: daunorubicin, adriamycin, 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, baumycins A1 and A2, aclacinomycins B and Y, MA144-S1, 1-deoxypyrromycin, cinerubin A, musettamycin, and pyrromycin. The 1-deoxy group of anthracyclines showed higher degree of cross resistance than the 1-hydroxy group. No significant cross resistance was found with bleomycin A
2, neothramycin and blasticidin S. The resistance to aclacinomycin A and cross resistance to adriamycin were also demonstrated by the method of uridine incorporation. The accumulation or retention studies with [
3H]adriamycin revealed that the resistance may be due to decreased uptake and increased efflux of the antibiotic in the resistant cells.
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KENZO OHTSUKI, NAKAO ISHIDA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
744-750
Published: 1980
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The biological effects of both nonprotein component (NPC) and PC (protein component) from NCS have been studied
in vivo and
in vitro. NPC was found to not only inhibit DNA synthesis in growing cells but also induce DNA degradation
in vivo and
in vitro. However, neither these two biological activities of PC were detected even at a 100-times higher concentration of NPC (0.2μg/ml) which inhibited 50% DNA synthesis in growing cells. NPC-induced DNA degradation
in vitro was stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanol as has been reported for NCS. These results show that the NPC removed from NCS is responsible for the biological activities such as the inhibition of DNA synthesis in growing cells and the induction of DNA degradation
in vivo and
in vitro.
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MINORU HANADA, MITSUAKI TSUNAKAWA, KOJI TOMITA, HIROSHI TSUKIURA, HIRO ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
751-753
Published: 1980
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HARNATH SHELAT, SUNDAY O. FADULU, LOUIS WILLIAMS
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
754-757
Published: 1980
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SATOSHI OMURA, YUZURU IWAI, ROKUROU MASUMA, MAMORU HAYASHI, TAKASHI FU ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
758-759
Published: 1980
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MOHINDAR S. PUAR
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
760-763
Published: 1980
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YUKIHIKO KAMEDA, NAOKI ASANO, OSAMU WAKAE, TAKASHI IWASA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
764-766
Published: 1980
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LOWELL L. WALLEN, ALLISTER J. LYONS, THOMAS G. PRIDHAM
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
767-769
Published: 1980
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RONG TSUN WU, NOBUO TANAKA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
770-771
Published: 1980
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KIMIE KOBINATA, MASAKAZU URAMOTO, TAKU MIZUNO, KIYOSHI ISONO
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
772-775
Published: 1980
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TETSURO IKEKAWA, TOMOYO ASARI (née URYU), TAKAHIKO MANABE, MARI ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
776-777
Published: 1980
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MIYUKI KANEDA, SHOSHIRO NAKAMURA, YOICHI IITAKA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
778-780
Published: 1980
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AKIO FURUSAKI, TAKESHI MATSUMOTO, AKIRA NAKAGAWA, SATOSHI OMURA
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
781-782
Published: 1980
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R. REINER, U. WEISS, U. BROMBACHER, P. LANZ, M. MONTAVON, A. FURLENMEI ...
1980 Volume 33 Issue 7 Pages
783-786
Published: 1980
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Ro 13-9904/001 is a novel parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic with potent
in vitro activity against a wide range of β-lactmase-producing and non-producing pathogens. In addition, Ro 13-9904/001 proved to possess a very long plasma half-life and, as a consequence, high prophylactic
in vivo effectiveness.
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