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ROGER LABIA, CHRISTOPHE MORIN
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1103-1129
Published: 1984
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II. STRUCTURE AND STEREOCHEMISTRY
PAUL KURATH, WILLIAM ROSENBROOK, DANIEL A. DUNNIGAN, JAMES B. MCALPINE ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1130-1143
Published: 1984
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The structure of lysinomicin, a new aminocyclitol antibiotic, was established as 3-
epi -2'-N-(L-β-lysyl)-4', 5'-didehydro-6'-de-
C-methylfortimicin B (
1) on the basis of spectral evidence and chemical degradation of the antibiotic. In the course of the degradation of
1, three additional compounds with interesting biological properties were obtained: 3-
epi-2'-N-(L-β-lysyl)-6'-de-
C-methylfortimicin B (
4), 3-
epi-4', 5'-didehydro-6'-de-
C-methylfortimicin B (
6) and 3-
epi-6'-de-
C-methylfortimicin B (
7).
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I. TAXONOMY AND FERMENTATION OF PRODUCING MICROORGANISM
HIROYOSHI TOHYAMA, SHINJI MIYADOH, MITSUGU ITO, TAKASHI SHOMURA, TATSU ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1144-1148
Published: 1984
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A new indole N-glycoside antibiotic SF-2140 which shows antiviral and weak antibacterial activity has been obtained from the cultured broth of an actinomycete strain. Strain SF-2140, designated
Actinomadura albolutea sp. nov., was isolated from a soil sample collected in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan.
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M. D. LEE, A. A. FANTINI, G. O. MORTON, J. C. JAMES, D. B. BORDERS, R. ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1149-1152
Published: 1984
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A new antitumor antibiotic, LL-C10037α was isolated from the fermentation filtrate of a
Streptomyces by adsorption, partition and reverse phase column chromatography. Its chemical structure was determined by
1H NMR,
13C NMR, UV, IR and mass spectral data. LL-C10037α is a &gamma-aminoepoxysemiquinone and is related to the epoxyquinone class of antibiotics.
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KAZUYOSHI UMEHARA, KEIZO YOSHIDA, MASANORI OKAMOTO, MORITA IWAMI, HIRO ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1153-1160
Published: 1984
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WS-30581 A and B are antiplatelet agents produced by a strain of
Streptoverticillium waksmanii. The compounds were purified by solvent extraction and column chromatography, and identified as new pimprinine analogs on the basis of their physico-chemical properties. The producing organism produced pimprinine along with these compounds. Pimprinine and the two new analogs have potent inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation.
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I. TAXONOMY, FERMENTATION, ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
KAZUTOH TAKESAKO, TERUHIKO BEPPU
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1161-1169
Published: 1984
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Guanidylfungin A, C
58H
103N
3O
18, and guanidylfungin B, C
57H
101N
3O
18, were isolated from the mycelia of
Streptomyces hygroscopicus No. 662 by means of silica gel absorption and reversed phase liquid chromatographies. The guanidylfungins were active against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria.
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II. STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION AND BIOSYNTHESIS
KAZUTOH TAKESAKO, TERUHIKO BEPPU
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1170-1186
Published: 1984
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The structures of guanidylfungins A and B were elucidated from the physico-chemical properties of these compounds and the structures of the degradation products by ozonolysis and periodate oxidation. The guanidylfungins consist of a 36-membered polyhydroxyl lactone ring, a guanidine and a monoester of malonic acid. The labelling experiments with sodium [1-
13C]acetate and sodium [1-
13C]propionate revealed that twelve units of acetate and nine of propionate were incorporated into the molecule of guanidylfungin A.
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VII. MINOR COMPONENTS OF ALBOCYCLINE
KEN-ICHI HARADA, FUMIKO NISHIDA, HIDEHIKO TAKAGI, MAKOTO SUZUKI, TAKAS ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1187-1197
Published: 1984
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As an approach to the search for new potentially useful macrolide antibiotics, we explored the minor components of albocycline (ALB) from the culture broth of
Streptomyces bruneogriseus. Eight minor components were isolated and their structures were confirmed as
1-8. Unexpectedly, they were not glycosidic compounds but only oxidation or reduction products of ALB. Three or four of them will serve as a useful intermediate to introduce amino sugar moiety into ALB skeleton.
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JUN'ICHI SHOJI, HIROSHI HINOO, RIKA MASUNAGA, TERUO HATTORI, YOSHIHARU ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1198-1203
Published: 1984
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An antibiotic which seems to be a cell wall synthesis-inhibitor was isolated from a bacteria strain identified as
Erwinia uredovora. The antibiotic was identified with L-cycloserine from its physico-chemical properties. This is the first example for isolation of L-cycloserine as a microbial product.
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J. C. J. BARNA, D. H. WILLIAMS, P. STRAZZOLINI, A. MALABARBA, T.-W. C. ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1204-1208
Published: 1984
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Basic hydrolyses carried out on the glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin or its acidic hydrolysis products give rise to epimeric species which retain little antibiotic activity. The detailed structure of a sample epimer has been determined using
1H NMR spectroscopy.
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IV1). 3-AMINOMETHYLAZINOMETHYLRIFAMYCINS, A NEW CLASS OF RIFAMYCINS, ENDOWED WITH REMARKABLE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
LEONARDO MARSILI, GIOVANNI FRANCESCHI, MARZIA BALLABIO, SERGIO VIOGLIO ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1209-1212
Published: 1984
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The synthesis and the biological activities of the new compounds
1, endowed with favorable pharmacokinetic behavior, are described. In particular, compound
1a has been chosen for further investigations.
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BARBARA STEFANSKA, ZOFIA MAZERSKA, LEONARD FALKOWSKI
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1213-1216
Published: 1984
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The synthesis and antitumor properties of
N-glycosyl derivatives of daunorubicin formed in the reaction with D-glucose, D-ribose and maltose is described.
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Doo H. NAM, DEWEY D. Y. RYU
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1217-1223
Published: 1984
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Enzymatic synthesis of phenoxymethylpenicillin from 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester was attempted by using partially purified α-acylamino-β-lactam acylhydrolase I (ALAHase I) enzyme from
Enwinia aroideae NRRL B-138. The reaction rates were carefully followed by determination of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), phenoxymethylpenicillin (PNV), phenoxyacetic acid (POA), phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (POM), and phenoxyacetylglycine (POG) using high performance liquid chromatography. Among the acyl donors tested, POM gave the highest yield (12.2% based on 6-APA). The overall conversion increased almost linearly with an increase in molar ratio of POM to 6-APA up to 4: 1. The effects of organic solvents on the overall yield were also evaluated. Some improvement of PNV yield was observed when ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetone were used. ALAHase I was found to carry out three reactions simultaneously: transfer of acyl group to acyl acceptor to form semisynthetic β-lactam antibiotic; hydrolysis of acyl donor in amide or ester bond, and hydrolysis of semisynthetic lactam antibiotic which was produced by the enzyme. It was also observed that the hydrolysis reactions of POM and PNV were irreversible in this reaction system. The optimal pH for the three reactions was different. They were: pH 9.0 for POM hydrolysis, 6.8 for the transfer of phenoxyacetyl group to 6-APA, and 6.0 for the PNV hydrolysis. The apparent K
m values for POM, 6-APA and PNV were estimated as 33, 25 and 31 mM, respectively.
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HARUO IKEDA, MASAHARU INOUE, HARUO TANAKA, SATOSHI OMURA
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1224-1230
Published: 1984
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From auxotrophic and idiotrophic mutants of
Streptomyces fradiae(tylosin producer) And
Streptomyces sp. AM 4900 (pikromycin producer) or
Streptomyces narbonensis (narbomycin producer), prototrophic fusants were obtained at a low frequency by the protoplast fusion technique. In the cross of
S. fradiae 261-27E (mvcaminose-idiotroph,
ilv) and
Streptomycessp. AM 4900 N3-4, (pikronolide-idiotroph,
arg), an unstable prototrophic fusant, strain No. 14, produced a macrolide antibiotic which was not produced by the wild type, parent strains, and the productivity was lost within a few times transfer. It was concluded that the fusant was not a recombinant, but a heterokaryon. On the other hand, relatively stable fusants were obtained from the cross of
S. fradiaeTBM (mycaminose-idiotroph,
met) and
S. narbonensis NA12US3 (narbonolide-idiotroph,
his, str) at a frequency of 3.2×10
-5 One of the prototrophic fusants produced narbomycin, which is believed to be due to a result of interspecific recombination.
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C. P. ENG, S. N. SEHGAL, CLAUDE VEZINA
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1231-1237
Published: 1984
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Rapamycin exhibits activity against several ascites and solid transplantable tumors; it is slightly active to inactive against leukemias. On a weight basis, rapamycin was less active than 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin, but rapamycin's maximal activity against Colon 38 tumor was similar to that of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide. Its activity was such that it significantly inhibited tumor growth at any stage of development. In the active dose range, rapamycin appeared less toxic than the other drugs. In the Colon 38 tumor model, rapamycin at a given dose exhibited the same activity when administered ip, iv, im and sc; upon oral administration, its activity was reduced but not abolished. Rapamycin was compatible with 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide. The sequential treatment 5-fluorouracil-rapamycin-cyclophosphamide was superior to the sequence 5-fluorouracit-adriamycin-cyclophosphamide in protecting Colon 38 tumor-bearing mice. 29-Demethoxyrapamycin exerted only marginal activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia; it was inactive against B16 melanocarcinoma and Colon 38 solid tumor.
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H. K. KOLE, S. K. BOSE
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1238-1245
Published: 1984
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Mycoversilin is active against filamentous fungi, being specifically inhibitory to
Trichophyton rubrum, minimum inhibitory concentration being 15 μg/ml. Mycoversilin inhibits sporulation to the extent of 28.5% even at the growth inhibitory concentration whereas inhibition of spore germination requires higher concentration. It has no effect on radial growth. Further it shows no action either on the release of UV absorbing materials or on the respiration of
T. rubrum. However, the antibiotic inhibits
in vivo synthesis of protein fairly strongly, DNA moderately and RNA slightly at the minimum inhibitory concentration. Cell-free protein synthesis is also strongly inhibited, the site of action being the inhibition of leucyl-tRNA formation by the antibiotic which has no action on leucine activation.
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PATRICIA LACROIX, MARIE LOUISE CAPMAU, FRANCOIS LE GOFFIC
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1246-1252
Published: 1984
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Pristinamycins I
A and II
A (PI
A and PII
A) accumulation by
Staphylococcus aureus has been studied with two hydrogenated analogs, (H
2)PI
A and (H
2)PII
A. Rapid accumulation of both antibiotics at 3°C is observed and internal concentrations can reach up to 58-fold the external concentration; this accumulation cannot he reduced by either metabolic inhibitors or tetracycline. The synergistic activity of pristinamycins I
A and II
A is not observed at the bacterial accumulation level. We propose that pristinamycins enter into bacteria by a passive diffusion process and that the internal concentration is maintained by binding of the antibiotic to the bacterial ribosomes.
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KAZUO UMEZAWA, MASAAKI ISHIZUKA, TSUTOMU SAWA, TOMIO TAKEUCHI
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1253-1256
Published: 1984
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Pyrrolomycin B enhanced both humoral immune response and delayed-hypersensitivity against sheep red blood cells in mice. In spleen cell culture it was a weak inhibitor of mitogenesis. However, in combination with concanavalin A, there was stimulation of mitogenesis in spleen cell culture. Pyrrolomycin B also enhanced phagocytosis of yeasts by peritoneal macrophages after
in vivo administration to mice. Thus, pyrrolomycin B, formerly isolated as an antibiotic agent, is an immunopotentiator possibly acting on the membrane of lymphocytes or macrophages.
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KOKO SUGAWARA, MASATAKA KONISHI, HIROSHI KAWAGUCHI
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1257-1259
Published: 1984
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LESTER A. MITSCHER, THOMAS HOGBERG, STEVEN D. DRAKE, ALBERT W. BURGSTA ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1260-1263
Published: 1984
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SATOSHI OMURA, KATSUJI MIYANO, AKIRA NAKAGAWA, HIROSHI SANO, KANKI KOM ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1264-1267
Published: 1984
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FUSAO TOMITA, KEIICHI TAKAHASHI, TATSUYA TAMAOKI
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1268-1272
Published: 1984
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PAUL F. WILEY, STEPHEN A. MIZSAK, LUBOMIR BACZYNSKYJ, ALEXANDER D. ARG ...
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1273-1275
Published: 1984
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WAN JOO KIM, GWAN SUN LEE, SANG CHUL SHIM
1984 Volume 37 Issue 10 Pages
1276-1277
Published: 1984
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