The Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 1881-1469
Print ISSN : 0021-8820
ISSN-L : 0021-8820
Volume 37, Issue 2
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
  • THE ISOLATION AND PRELIMINARY CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTAPLANIN
    MANUEL DEBONO, KURT E. MERKEL, R. MICHAEL MOLLOY, MITCHELL BARNHART, E ...
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 85-95
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Actaplanin (A4696), a new complex of broad spectrum Gram-positive antibiotics is produced by Actinoplanes inissouriensis. High performance liquid chromatography was used to show that this complex is composed of several actaplanins. Hydrolytic experiments with actaplanins A, B1, B2, B3, C1 and G showed that these actaplanins were composed of the same peptide core, an amino sugar and varying amounts of glucose, mannose and rhamnose. The neutral sugar content was determined for each actaplanin. A bioautographic study of aglycone formation during hydrolysis of the actaplanin complex showed that within a short time a simple mixture of two antimicrobially active hydrolysis products was obtained. These substances retained the antimicrobial spectrum and a high percentage of the antibiotic activity of the parent actaplanin complex. Methanolysis of the actaplanin complex as well as the individual actaplanins resulted in the selective loss of the neutral sugar moieties and the isolation of actaplanin Ψ(pseudo)-aglycone-the core peptide which still retained an amino sugar group. The 1H NMR spectrum of this substance indicated a similarity to many features of ristocetin Ψ-aglycone. Hydrolytic studies showed that the amino sugar present in actaplanin was identical with L-ristosamine. It is concluded that the aglycone of actaplanin is a complex peptide composed of aromatic amino acids, and that the actaplanins each possess this aglycone and L-ristosamine but are differentiated by their neutral sugar composition.
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  • L. A. DOLAK, T. M. CASTLE, B. R. HANNON, F. REUSSER
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 96-102
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Antibiotic U-64846 is a new entity with the molecular formula C18H35ClN4O9 (MW 486). It is a very water soluble, reddish solid which decomposes above 300°C and which is air-sensitive. The antibiotic is produced by Streptomyces braegensis and it inhibits a variety of Gram-positive bacteria. Acidic hydrolysis gave 3, 7-diaminoheptanoic acid. The antibiotic gives 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and UV spectra which indicate it is not closely related to known antibiotic families.
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  • TADASHI ARAI, JUN UNO, IICHIRO HORIMI, KAZUTAKA FUKUSHIMA
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 103-109
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. crystallogenes, the copiamycin source, yielded several minor components with antifungal activity. One of these minor components, neocopiamycin A, was isolated and characterized. The structure of neocopiamycin A was determined as N-demethylcopiamycin on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The antibiotic was found to be more active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi but less toxic than copiamycin.
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  • BAFILOMYCINS, A NEW GROUP OF MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCTION, ISOLATION, CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
    GERHARD WERNER, HANSPAUL HAGENMAIER, HANNELORE DRAUTZ, ANGELIKA BAUMGA ...
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 110-117
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The bafilomycins A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2, a new type of macrolide antibiotics with a 16-membered lactone ring, were isolated from the fermentation broth of three Streptomyces griseus strains (TÜ 1922, TÜ 2437, TÜ 2599) by ethyl acetate extraction and column chromatography on silica gel. The bafilomycins exhibit activity against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Physico-chemical data, chemical structures and biological activities are reported.
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  • I. MICROBIAL DEEPOXIDATION AND SUBSEQUENT ISOMERIZATION OF DELTAMYCINS A1, A2, A3, A4 (CARBOMYCIN A) AND X
    YASUO FUKAGAWA, YOSHIFUMI MUTOH, TOMOYUKI ISHIKURA, JOSEPH LEIN
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 118-126
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Carbomycin A (deltamycin A4) was deepoxidized to carbomycin A P1 by Streptomyces halstedii subsp. deltae (a deltamycins producer), favorably under anaerobic conditions. Carbomycin A P1 was spontaneously converted to geometric isomers designated carbomycins A P2 and A P3. This type of deepoxidation and subsequent isomerization was not limited to carbomycin A, but generally occurrable in other 16-membered epoxyenone macrolide compounds. Many bacteria and actinomycetes were also found to have an ability to deepoxidize deltamycins reductively. The chemical structures of carbomycins A P1, A P2 and A P3 were elucidated as shown in Fig. 3.
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  • II. CHEMICAL DEEPOXIDATION BY DISSOLVING METAL REDUCTION
    YOSHIFUMI MUTOH, YASUTAKA SHIMAUCHI, YASUO FUKAGAWA, TOMOYUKI ISHIKURA ...
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 127-129
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    16-Membered epoxyenone macrolide antibiotics were reductively deepoxidized with dissolving metals such as zinc. Angolamycin and rosamicin which have a methyl substituent at C-12 in the epoxyenone structure were deepoxidized, but not isomerized further to the geometric isomers P2 and P3.
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  • III. IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF DEEPOXIDATION PRODUCTS OF CARBOMYCIN A, DELTAMYCIN A1, 4″-PHENYLACETYLDELTAMYCIN, ANGOLAMYCIN AND ROSAMICIN
    MICHIKO SAKAMOTO, YOSHIFUMI MUTOH, YASUO FUKAGAWA, TOMOYUKI ISHIKURA, ...
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 130-135
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Deepoxidation products P1, P2 and P3 of carbomycin A, deltamycin A1 and 4″-phenylacetyldeltamycin showed high in vitro antibacterial and antimycoplasmal activities which were comparable to those of the respective parent compounds. By contrast, the in vitro antimicrobial potencies of angolamycin P1 and rosamicin P1 were about ten-fold lower than those of the parent macrolides. In mice, the increase in the plasma levels of the epoxyenone macrolides due to deepoxidation was highly significant with the P1, P2 and P3 derivatives of carbomycin A and 4″-phenylacetyldeltamycin, whereas angolamycin P1 gave a moderately-improved plasma level compared with angolamycin.
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  • O. K. SEBEK, L. A. DOLAK
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 136-142
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new soil actinomycete (UC 5762, NRRL 11111) was found to transform novobiocin to 11-hydroxynovobiocin. The product was isolated by solvent extraction and column chromatography, and identified by IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Related structures (8, 9-dihydronovobiocin, novobiocic acid and chlorobiocin) were similarly transformed to their corresponding C-11 hydroxylated analogues. The microbial process is superior to chemical (selenium dioxide) oxidation which yielded a mixture of 11-hydroxy- and 11-oxonovobiocin.
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  • JEAN-MARC GIRODEAU, ROLAND PINEAU, MARYSE MASSON, FRANCOIS LE GOFFIC
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 143-149
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lividamine and paromamine were converted into two key intermediate ethylenic aldehydes 10a and 10b. Reductive amination of the two aldehydes yielded the protected sisamine 11a and the three analogs 11b, 12a and 12b. These four derivatives were deprotected to yield the four pseudodisaccharides 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b which were less active in vitro than neamine against Escherichia coli ATCC 9637 and Staphylococcus aureus 209P.
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  • JEAN-MARL GIRODEAU, ROLAND PINEAU, MARYSE MASSON, FRANCOIS LE GOFFIC
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 150-158
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The three protected sisamine derivatives 2i, 2j and 3, with a free 5-hydroxyl group, have been synthesized. Glycosylation at the 5 position with various pentofuranose derivatives yielded after deprotection of the 6a-i ribostamycin related aminoglycoside. These pseudotrisaccharides showed only low antibacterial activities with respect to the parent compounds.
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  • MARILYN K. SPEEDIE, DONNA L. HARTLEY
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 159-166
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The enzyme activities which catalyze the conversion of tryptophan to β-methyltryptophan by two different routes have been demonstrated in cell-free extracts of streptonigrin-producing Streptomyces flocculus. The first route involves direct methylation of tryptophan by a C-methyltransferase. The second involves transamination of tryptophan to indolepyruvate, methylation of indolepyruvate to β-methylindolepyruvate, followed by a reverse transamination reaction to yield β-methyltryptophan. The direct methylation route was confirmed by the fact that the methyltransferase activity is still present after the transaminase has been inactivated by hydroxylamine treatment. The L-tryptophan C-methyltransferase has been purified 30-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation and a Sephadex G-150 column. The indolepyruvate C-methyltransferase activity copurified with the tryptophan C-methyltransferase activity, but the transaminase did not. These results show that a metabolic grid exists for the first antibiotic-committed step of the streptonigrin biosynthetic pathway.
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  • HEBE B. GREIZERSTEIN, ALBERT J. SIEMENS
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 167-171
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of cefoperazone on ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism was studied in rat liver homogenates and with a purified aldehyde dehydrogenase. Rat liver homogenates were incubated with ethanol (30 mM) alone or in combination with cefoperazone (15 or 150 μg/g liver). Ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations were determined at 6, 12, 18 and 24 minutes. Cefoperazone added to the incubation medium inhibited ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in a concentration-dependent manner. The addition of cefoperazone to rat liver homogenates incubated with acetaldehyde (300 μM), however, did not inhibit acetaldehyde disappearance for a period of 15 minutes. Purified aldehyde dehydrogenase was incubated with 300 μM acetaldehyde. When cefoperazone was added, acetaldehyde disappearance was significantly slower than without cefoperazone. The data indicate that cefoperazone inhibits ethanol metabolism in rat liver homogenates in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of the antibiotic on acetaldehyde elimination in liver homogenate, however, depends on the concentration of acetaldehyde in the medium. The acetaldehyde dehydrogenase obtained from yeast is inhibited by cefoperazone.
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  • F. BESSON, F. PEYPOUX, M. J. QUENTIN, G. MICHEL
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 172-177
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Iturin A and bacillomycin L, antibiotics of the iturin group inhibit the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lethal doses were respectively 10 and 60 μg/ml. Both antibiotics had an effect on the incorporation of radioactive precursors into macromolecules which decreased with increasing concentrations of antibiotics. However, no specificity was observed on the various macromolecules, proteins, ribonucleic acids and polysaccharides. The site of action on yeast cells was demonstrated to be the cytoplasmic membrane: both antibiotics of iturin group lysed spheroplasts of S. cerevisiae. Moreover, a rapid leakage of potassium ions occurred in the presence of the antibiotics; this leakage was directly associated to the killing effect. These results are consistent with a disruption of the structural integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane correlated to the loss of viability of the yeast cells.
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  • SATISH K. ARORA, PETER MAIN
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 178-181
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • III. STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF NEW TRESTATIN COMPONENTS Ro 09-0766, Ro 09-0767 AND Ro 09-0768
    KAZUTERU YOKOSE, MAYUMI OGAWA, KIYOSHI OGAWA
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 182-186
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • I. SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 6-O- METHYLERYTHROMYCINS A
    SHIGEO MORIMOTO, YOKO TAKAHASHI, YOSHIAKI WATANABE, SADAFUMI OMURA
    1984 Volume 37 Issue 2 Pages 187-189
    Published: 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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