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I. TAXONOMY, FERMENTATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
NOZOMI KATAYAMA, YUKIMASA NOZAKI, KENJI OKONOGI, HIDEO ONO, SETSUO HAR ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1117-1127
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
A Gram-negative bacterium produces new monocyclic β-lactam antibiotics with a formylamino substituent, named formadicins A, B, C and D. The producing bacterium was taxonomically characterized and designated as
Flexibacter alginoliquefaciens sp. nov. YK-49. Formadicins have narrow antibacterial spectra. They are highly active against some species of
Pseudomonas, Proteus and
Alcaligenes. Of the four, formadicin C shows the most potent antibacterial activity. Several amino acids such as glycine, D-alanine and D-leucine were antagonistic against formadicins. Formadicins, especially formadicins A and C having the formylamino substituent bound to the 3-position of a β-lactam nucleus, were highly resistant to hydrolysis by various types of β-lactamases. Formadicins A and C showed affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) 1A and 1B in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3080, but formadicin B and nocardicin A showed affinity only for PBP 1B. Formadicins A and C did not lyse
Escherichia coli LD-2 solely at their MICs, but when combined with mecillinam each induced a rapid lysis of this organism.
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II. ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND STRUCTURES
TSUNEAKI HIDA, SHIGETOSHI TSUBOTANI, NOZOMI KATAYAMA, HISAYOSHI OKAZAK ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1128-1140
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
New monocyclic βbeta;-lactam antibiotics, formadicins A, B, C and D, were isolated from the culture filtrate of
Flexibacter alginoliquefaciens sp. nov. YK-49 by various types of column chromatography and preparative reverse-phase HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and degradation studies. They have a nocardicin-type skeleton and a formylamino group at the 3- or 12-position. Formadicins A and B each have a D-glucuronide moiety and give formadicins C and D, respectively, upon hydrolysis using βbeta;-D-glucuronidase.
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I. A PRODUCING ORGANISM, FERMENTATION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, AND MODE OF ACTION
YUKIMASA NOZAKI, NOZOMI KATAYAMA, SHIGETOSHI TSUBOTANI, HIDEO ONO, HIS ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1141-1151
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
New 7-methoxycephem antibiotics were found in culture filtrates of a bacterium isolated from a plant and named cephabacin M
1-6. They are the first members of 7-methoxycephem antibiotics of bacterial origin. The producing organism was taxonomically characterized and identified as
Xanthomonas lactamgena YK-431; other strains of this species have recently been reported to produce cephabacin F and H group antibiotics. Cephabacin M
1-6 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Cephabacin M
1-6 were as stable as cephamycin C to cephalosporinases. They showed inhibitory activity against a cephalosporinase of
Proteus vulgaris GN 4413. The mode of action of cephabacin M, was examined using
Escherichia coli and
Bacillus subtilis as test organisms; primary lethal targets of cephabacin M
1 are penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1 in
E. coli and PBP 4 in
B. subtilis.
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II. ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND STRUCTURAL DETERMINATION
SHIGETOSHI TSUBOTANI, TSUNEAKI HIDA, HIDEO ONO, SETSUO HARADA
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1152-1165
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Six components of new cephem antibiotics, cephabacin M
1-6, were isolated from the culture filtrate of
Xanthomonas lactamgena YK-431 by various types of column chromatographies and preparative reverse-phase HPLC. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and degradation studies. They consist of 7-methoxydeacetylcephalosporin C as a nucleus and a tri- to heptapeptide including a new amino acid, which is bound at the 3-position with an ester bond.
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KAZUYUKI DOBASHI, KATSUHIKO NAGAOKA, YOSHINORI WATANABE, MAKOTO NISHID ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1166-1170
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Glycocinnasperimicin D was isolated from the fermentation filtrate of a strain of
Nocardia sp. using various procedures of column chromatography. Glycocinnasperimicin D exhibited broad antibacterial spectrum. Its chemical structure was determined by NMR spectrometric analyses.
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TAKESHI UCHIDA, MASAYA IMOTO, YOSHINOWRI WATANABE, KEIKO MIURA, TOSHIK ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1171-1181
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
From the culture broth of
Streptomyces nodosus MH190-16F3, four new antibiotics have been isolated, and named saquayamycins A, B, C and D. The compounds are glycosides of aquayamycin, and among aquayamycin-group antibiotics they are most closely related to P-1894B (vineomycin A
1). All saquayamycins act on Gram-positive bacteria and inhibit the growth of adriamycin-sensitive and adriamycin-resistant P388 leukemia cells.
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TADAAKI KOMORI, KAZUO SAKANE, HIROYUKI SETOI, YOSHIO KAWAI, TSUTOMU TE ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1182-1203
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Anti-yeast activity with a series of chryscandin derivatives showed that the
O-methyl-Ltyrosyl moiety is not always required for activity at the target site. On the other hand, the adenyl-3'-aminoribofuranuronic acid moiety seems to be essential for biological activity. Therefore, the various acyl derivatives on the amino group of the sugar part of the nucleoside were synthesized. 1-(6-Amino-9
H-purin-9-yl)-3-(
S-benzyl-L-cysteinylamino)-1, 3-dideoxy-β-D-ribofuranuronic acid (
16) showed the highest efficacy among them against
Candida albicans. It exhibited sixteen-fold enhanced activity
in vitro compared with that of native chryscandin. The
in vivo activity of
16 against experimental infection of
C. albicans showed the almost same as that of 5-fluorocytosine and a superior to that of ketoconazole.
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HALINA MALINA, CHRISTIANE TEMPETE, MALKA ROBERT-GERO
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1204-1210
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Increased production of sinefungin, a very potent antifungal and antiparasitic nucleoside antibiotic was achieved by medium and strain improvement. When soybean-meal, dextrin and yeast extract were added as carbon and nitrogen sources to the fermentation medium, instead of corn steep liquor, soya-oil and glucose; the antibiotic yield increased from 40 μg/ml to 126 μg/ml with low biomass production. Strain improvement was attempted by two methods. The mean antibiotic yield of the variants after multistep mutagenesis by
N -methyl-
N '-nitro-
N -nitrosoguanidine and ethyleneimine was 466 μg/ml. Protoplasts of the parental strain were prepared by lysozyme digestion from mycelia grown in a medium containing 0.7% glycine. The mean activity of the regenerated protoplasts was 664 μg/ml. Thus, the overall sinefungin production could be increased 16-fold.
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KAYOKO SUZUKAKE, KATSUSHI TOKUNAGA, HIDEMI HAYASHI, MAKOTO HORI, YOSHI ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1211-1218
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Extracts of
Streptomyces fradiae 75-078, a producer of an antibiotic neomycin, were found to catalyze three reactions which are included in the proposed biosynthetic pathway to 2-deoxystreptamine; amination of deoxyinosose yielding deoxyinosamine, conversion of deoxyinosamine to 2-deoxystreptamine and deamination of 2-deoxystreptamine. Glutamine was effective as an amino-donor for both transamination reactions; conversions of deoxyinosose to deoxyinosamine and of aminodeoxyinosose to 2-deoxystreptamine. Conversion of deoxyinosamine to 2-deoxystreptamine, presumably including successive dehydrogenation and transamination at position 1, was stimulated by NAD
+. On DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ionexchange chromatography, the enzyme activity catalyzing amination of deoxyinosose and deamination of 2-deoxystreptamine was eluted as an entity (aminotransferase), while the one converting deoxyinosamine to 2-deoxystreptamine, only if the aminotransferase is supplemented, can be eluted as a separate peak (deoxyinosamine dehydrogenase). The molecular weight of the aminotransferase was estimated to be 130, 000 daltons by chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. Enzymatic synthesis of 2-deoxystreptamine from deoxyinosose was demonstrated by the cell free extracts.
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K. DORNBERGER, R. HÜBENER, W. IHN, H. THRUM, L. RADICS
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1219-1225
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
By using a strain of
Streptomyces willmorii, daunorubicin (daunomycin) was stereoselectively Converted into
N-acetyl-13(
S)-dihydrodaunomycin and bisanhydro-13-dihydrodaunomycinone. The absolute stereochemistry of the new chiral center in
N-acetyl-13(
S)-dihydrodaunomycin was established by means of nuclear Overhauser effect measured in the 9, 13-
O-isopropylidene derivative.
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RICHARD H. BALTZ, JILL STONESIFER
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1226-1236
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Two mutants of the tylosin-producing
Streptomyces fradiaedefective in the biosynthesis of the macrolide antibiotic tylosin were isolated from colonies derived from regenerated protoplasts. Both strains were unable to carry out any of at least seven tylosin biosynthetic steps and were sensitive to tylosin. One strain, JS82, was also more sensitive to chloramphenicol (Cm), mitomycin C (Mc), hygromycin B (Hm) and kanamycin (Km) than its parent strain. The other strain, JS87, was also more sensitive to Cm than wild type but expressed normal levels of resistance to Me and Hm. Both strains expressed genetic instabilities associated with auxotrophy or expression of antibiotic resistance. Since the genetic instabilities were not due to defective error-free or error-prone DNA repair, they appear to be due to genetic rearrangements associated with the deletion or amplification of sequences linked to and perhaps encompassing tylosin biosynthesis genes.
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HERBERT IRSCHIK, HANS REICHENBACH
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1237-1245
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Myxovalargin A has two modes of action. At low concentrations (below 1 μg/ml) it inhibits bacterial protein synthesis specifically and instantaneously.
In vitroexperiments suggest that it interferes with the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site of the ribosome. At higher concentrations (above 5 μg/ml), or upon prolonged incubation, the antibiotic damages cell membranes. This leads to secondary effects, like decreased O
2consumption or instant break down of RNA synthesis, and may be the reason for the irreversibility of the antibiotic action. The membrane effect is not restricted to prokaryotes and may explain the high toxicity of the compound for higher organisms.
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R. CRAMERI, J. E. DAVIES
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1246-1250
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
An aminoglycoside 3' type III phosphotransferase derived from
Staphylococcus aureus Plasmid pRN1956 was cloned on the high copy number Streptomycetes sectors pIJ702 and pIJ704.
Streptomyces lividanstransformants carrying the hybrid plasmids show a resistance pattern towards aminoglycoside antibiotics comparable to the resistance pattern of
S. aureus. The APH(3')-III with expanded spectrum of resistance, is a useful additional marker for gene cloning in Streptomycetes.
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TOSHIYUKI SEKI, YASUHIKO MURAOKA, KATSUTOSHI TAKAHASHI, HIROO HORINISH ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1251-1256
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Rabbit antisera highly specific to the bleomycinic acid moiety of bleomycins were obtained by immunizing with a conjugate of copper-complex of bleomycin A
5and bovine serum albumin. These antisera not only reacted with bleomycin A
5but also with other bleomycins such as bleomycin A
2, bleomycin B
2and peplomycin. The antisera showed little cross-reactivity with deamido-, depyruvamido- and decarbamoyl-bleomycins. Thus, these antisera were found to be highly specific for the intact bleomycinic acid moiety. One of the antisera was successfully applied to radioimmunoassay of bleomycin and peplomycin in mouse and human sera. The detection limit was 1 ng/ml. This radioimmunoassay is expected to be widely used for the determination of active bleomycins in biological and clinical samples.
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SHOGO OZAWA, AKITERU TAMURA, HIDEO SUZUKI, TOSHIO NISHIMURA, NOBUO TAN ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1257-1265
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
Chinese hamster lung cell line V79 was
ca. 13 times more resistant to peplomycin (PEP), and 6 times more resistant to bleomycin (BLM)-A
2than Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. The natural resistance of V79 cells to PEP or BLM was attributed to higher levels of BLM hydrolase activity and lower cellular uptake of the antibiotic. The sensitivity to PEP of a mutant clone CHO/O-2 T-1 was similar to that of CHO. A hybrid clone of CHO/O-2 T-1 × V79 showed an intermediate sensitivity to PEP between those of both parental cell lines, suggesting that the gene responsible for the natural resistance to PEP appears codominantly in the hybrid. The BLM hydrolase activity of the hybrid was also found intermediate between those of both parental cells. Mutant clones CHO/O-2 T-5 and CHO/O-2 T-6 were 8.3-9.0 times more sensitive to PEP than CHO cells. Hybrid clones CHO/O-2 T-5×V79 and CHO/O-2 T-6×V79 displayed PEP sensitivity similar to that of V79, suggesting that the gene responsible for the PEP supersensitivity (PEP
SS) behaves recessively in the hybrids. Both PEP
SSclones showed levels of BLM hydrolase and cellular uptake of [
3H]PEP similar to the parental CHO cells, suggesting that the PEP
SSis due to neither BLM hydrolase nor cellular uptake of the antibiotic. Increased PEP-induced DNA cleavage and decreased DNA repair in the PEP
SSclones were demonstrated by alkaline sucrose density gradient sedimentation method. The results suggest that the PEP
SSof these mutant clones is attributed to decreased DNA-repairing activity and/or increased DNA-breaking activity.
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AKIRAN AKAGAWA, YOSHITAKE TANAKA, KAZUHIKO OTOGURO, SATOSHI OMURA, TOS ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1266-1269
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
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J. F. BLOUNT, D. N. GREELEY, H. MAEHR, A. PERROTTA, R. G. PITCHER, L. ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1270-1272
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
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ISTVÁN MISKOLCZI, FERENC SZTARICSKAI, PÁL HERCZEGH, REZS ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1273-1276
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
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YOSHIKAZU KIMURA, TERUYO MATSUMOTO, MICHIYO SUZUKI, SHIRO TERASHIMA
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1277-1279
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
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RENUKA MISRA, HAROLD R. TRITCH, RAMESH C. PANDEY
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1280-1283
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
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SHINJI FUNAYAMA, KENJI OKADA, HIROFUMI OKA, SHIGERU TOMISAKA, TETSUJI ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1284-1286
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー
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TSUTOMU TSUCHIYA, YOSHIAKI TAKAHASHI, YOSHIHIKO KOBAYASHI, SUMIO UMEZA ...
1985 年 38 巻 9 号 p.
1287-1290
発行日: 1985年
公開日: 2006/04/19
ジャーナル
フリー