The Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 1881-1469
Print ISSN : 0021-8820
ISSN-L : 0021-8820
Volume 50, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
  • TOSHIHIRO CHIKANISHI, KEIJI HASUMI, TOMOTAKA HARADA, NOBUHIDE KAWASAKI ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 105-110
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A novel peptaibol, designated clonostachin, was isolated from cultures of Clonostachys sp. F5898 by HP-20 and silica gel column chromatographies and reverse-phase HPLC. The structure of clonostachin was determined by Edman and chemical degradations, positive ion FAB-MS, EI-MS, and NMR analyses. Clonostachin was a linear tetradecapeptide with an N-terminal acetyl group and a C-terminal sugar alcohol. Clonostachin inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets by 80% at 150 μM.
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  • MAKOTO ONO, SHOHEI SAKUDA, AKINORI SUZUKI, AKIRA ISOGAI
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 111-118
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Aflastatin A, a novel inhibitor of the production of aflatoxin by aflatoxigenic fungi, has been isolated from the solvent extract of mycelial cake of Streptomyces sp. and its molecular formula was determined as C62H115NO24.
    Aflastatin A completely inhibited aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 in liquid medium or on agar plate at a concentration of 0.5μg/ml. The mycelial growth of this fungus was not affected in the liquid medium at the same concentration, while the hyphal extension rate was reduced on the plate together with some morphological changes. The growth of the fungus was not completely inhibited even at a concentration of 100μg/ml. Aflastatin A exhibits antimicrobial activity against some bacteria, yeasts and fungi as well as antitumor activity.
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  • I. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Properties
    ANN C. HORAN, MARCIA C. SHEARER, VINOD HEGDE, MARTHA L. BEYAZOVA, BEVE ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 119-125
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A nocardioform actinomycete, SCC 1886, isolated from a soil sample collected in Ohio was found to produce, in fermentation, six novel macrocyclic lactones, the saccharocarcins. The producing culture was identified as Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes subsp. antibiotica based on the formation of fragmenting substrate mycelia, aerial mycelia that coalesce to form aerial colonies, whole-cell hydrolysates that contain meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and rhamnose and physiological comparisons to type species of the genus. Peak production of the saccharocarcins occurred after 95 hours of fermentation in a starch rich medium. The compounds were isolated from the fermentation broth by solvent extraction and purified by HPLC. Isolated compounds were active against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Chlamydia trachomatis; none were cytotoxic at concentrations up to 1.0μg/ml.
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  • II. Physico-chemical Properties and Structure Determination
    VINOD R. HEGDE, MAHESH G. PATEL, PRADIP R. DAS, BIRENDRA PRAMANIK, MOH ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 126-134
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Six novel tetronic acid analogs were isolated from the fermentation broth of the actinomycete Saccharothrix aerocolongenes subsp. antibiotica SCC1886. The structures of these saccharocarcins were determined by their spectral data, and chemical degradation. All six compounds are derived from two modified tetronic acid homologs which differ from other tetronic acids by having an ethyl or propyl side chain at C-23 and a methyl group at C-16. They are all characterized by a novel sugar-amide at C-17.
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  • KANEYOSHI SHIBATA, YUKA ADACHI, EIICHIRO KATO, RIE NAGANO, AISAKU FUSE ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 135-138
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The in vitro and in vivo activity of BO-2727, a carbapenem antibiotic, against resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. The geometric mean MICs against three groups of clinical isolates resistant to imipenem, meropenem and both carbapenems were 4.28, 4.08 and 5.44μg/ml, respectively. BO-2727 also inhibited multiply antibiotic resistant isolates and laboratory mutants including a nalB-type mutant, which showed resistance to antibiotics such as imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, and/or ciprofloxacin, at less than 1.56μg/ml. Overall, BO-2727 was 4-fold more active than biapenem, meropenem, panipenem and imipenem with an MIC90 of less than 6.25μg/ml.
    The presence of basic amino acids in minimal medium less affected the antipseudomonal activity to a minimal extent, suggesting that BO-2727 has diverse penetration routes through the outer membrane other than OprD channel, which facilitates the diffusion of basic amino acids and carbapenems. The in vitro activity of BO-2727 reflected well in its therapeutic efficacy in experimental systemic infection in mice. These results suggest a possibility for the development of antipseudomonal carbapenems having activity against imipenem- and/or meropenem-resistant P. aeruginosa as well as a broad spectrum encompassing Gram-positive and -negative bacteria.
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  • TERUTAKA HASHIZUME, KEIKO NAKAMURA, SUSUMU NAKAGAWA
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 139-142
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Affinities of BO-2727, a new carbapenem, for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. were studied. BO-2727 showed preferential affinity for PBP-2 of E. coli, and induced swollen and ovoid cells, when the organism was exposed to the MIC. In contrast, BO-2727 bound to both PBPs-2 and -3 of P. aeruginosa to a similar extent, and induced short filament cells with bulge. As compared with imipenem and meropenem, there was an observed difference in the affinity, especially for PBP-3, in both organisms; BO-2727 displayed intermediate affinity for PBP-3 between meropenem and imipenem. Studies on the affinity for PBPs of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus showed that the IC50 values for PBP-1 was roughly correlated with the MIC values of carbapenems tested, but those for the PBPs-2 and -3 appeared to be greater than the MIC values. In further studies on the affinity for PBP-2' of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, BO-2727 displayed better binding kinetics than imipenem, which reflected the better activity of BO-2727 than that of imipenem.
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  • II. Structure Determination of Heliquinomycin
    MAKOTO CHINO, KIYOHIRO NISHIKAWA, TOSHIO TSUCHIDA, RYUICHI SAWA, HIKAR ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 143-146
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The structure of heliquinomycin which was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. MJ929-SF2 was studied by NMR spectroscopies, X-ray crystallographic analysis and degradation experiments. Heliquinomycin is the first member of glycosylated rubromycins and griseorhodins group antibiotics.
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  • IV. Absolute Configuration
    NAOTO KAWAMURA, HIKARU NAKAMURA, RYUICHI SAWA, YOSHIKAZU TAKAHASHI, TS ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 147-149
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The absolute configurations of pyralomicin la and pyralomicin 2a were determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses of crystalline 7'-O-p-bromobenzoylpyralomicin la and 2'-O-p-bromobenzoylpyralomicin 2a derived from pyralomicin la and pyralomicin 2a using anomalous scattering of the bromine atom. The absolute configurations of pyralomicins 1b-1d and 2b-2c were suggested to be the same as pyralomicin la and pyralomicin 2a, respectively, by comparing the circular dichroism spectra.
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  • IV. Improved Therapeutic Effects of 4-O-Acyl-L-cladinose Analogues of Sixteen-membered Macrolide Antibiotics
    KEIICHI AJITO, KEN-ICHI KURIHARA, SEIJI SHIBAHARA, OSAMU HARA, TSUNEO ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 150-161
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Six derivatives of sixteen-membered macrolides possessing 4-O-acyl-α-L-cladinose as a neutral sugar were synthesized via 3"-methylthiomethyl ether intermediates in reasonable yield. Introduction of a methyl group on the 3"-hydroxyl group of midecamycin A1 was effective for enhancing its antibacterial activity. All these derivatives exhibited excellent therapeutic effects in mice, and some of them showed improved pharmacokinetics compared with the natural antibiotics (mycarose type) in mice. Facile synthesis of 9-O-acylated analogues are also described.
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  • Effect of 1β-Methyl Group and C-2 Side Chain
    KATSUNORI KANAZAWA, HIROSHI NOUDA, MAKOTO SUNAGAWA
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 162-168
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The anti-H. influenzae activity of meropenem (1a) was much higher than those of imipenem (4), panipenem (2b) and biapenem (7). To clarify the major structural features responsible for the anti-H. influenzae activity of carbapenem compounds, the structure-activity relationship to the anti-H. influenzae activity was investigated. The anti-H. influenzae activities of meropenem (1a) and 1β-methyl-panipenem (2a) were much higher than those of desmethyl-meropenem (1b) and panipenem (2b), respectively. Two carbapenems (5, 6) and imipenem (4), that have a strong basic C-2 side chain, showed lower anti-H. influenzae activity than meropenem (1a) having a weakly basic C-2 side chain and TV-acetyl thienamycin (3) having a neutral C-2 side chain, respectively. As a result, we found that the introduction of the 1β-methyl group or the reduction of the basicity (cationic character) of the C-2 side chain increased the antimicrobial activity and bactericidal activity of carbapenems against H. influenzae due to their increased affinity for PBP-4 and PBP-5.
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  • SANGEETA BAHL, STEVE MARTIN, PHILIP RAWLINS, ROYA SADEGHI, PAULA M. SM ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 169-171
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • TOMOO KOHYAMA, KEIJI HASUMI, AKINORI HAMANAKA, AKIRA ENDO
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 172-174
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • LIBRADA M. CAÑEDO, JOSÉ L. FERNÁNDEZ PUENTES, JUL ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 175-176
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • LUCIA CARRANO, PAOLO TAVECCHIA, FEDERICA SPONGA, FRANCA SPREAFICO
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 177-179
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • AMERICA LAZZARINI, ANGELO BORGHI, LUIGI FRANCO ZERILLI, PIETRO FERRARI ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 180-183
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • ROLAND P. A. BROWN, ROBIN T. APLIN, CHRISTOPHER J. SCHOFIELD, COLIN H. ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 184-185
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • ISAMI TAKAHASHI, YASHUSHI ODA, YASHUSHI NISHIIE, KEIKO OCHIAI, TAMIO M ...
    1997 Volume 50 Issue 2 Pages 186-188
    Published: February 25, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: November 25, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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