We isolated beta hemolytic streptococci from pharyngeal swabs in various districts, Kita-ku, Sumida-ku, and Kokubunji-City of Tokyo Prefecture, Koza City, Ishigaki City and Hateruma Island of Okinawa Prefecture and Aizu County of Fukushima Prefecture during March to December 1972
We studied the difference in the group and type distribution and the drug-susceptibility of strains of different districts, and compared with the strains isolated in our laboratory in the same period.
1) In every district, group A streptococci were predominant, but second predominant groups were group B in Tokyo Prefecture and group G in Okinawa Prefecture. According to the type distribution, type 12 in Tokyo Prefecture, type 3 in Fukushima Prefecture, type 12 in Koza City and type 11 in Ishigaki City and Hateruma Island were predominant. Type 12 was not found in Ishigaki City and only few in Hateruma Island. On the contrary, type 11 was not found in Koza City and only few in Tokyo Prefecture. The difference of type distribution was found in Okinawa Prefecture and that of Koza City was rather similar to Tokyo Prefecture.
2) All strains of beta hemolytic streptococci tested were inhibited by 0.20 mcg/ml of benzylpenicillin (PC-G), ampicillin (AB-PC) or cephaloridine (CER). Inhibitory activity of carbenicillin (CB-PC) or sulbenicillin (SB-PC) was inferior than PC-G or AB-PC. Resistant strains to tetracycline (TC) were numerous, especially among group A strains. We found several strains resistant to chloramphenicol (CP) and a few strains resistant to erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM) and lincomycin (LCM) among group A, B and G streptococci. A complete cross-resistance relationship was found among EM, JM and LCM. Resistant strains to above mentioned antibiotics were rather numerous in Tokyo Prefecture and Koza City. Macrolide antibiotic-resistant strains were isolated only in our laboratory, Kita-ku and Sumida-ku of Tokyo Prefecture.

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1. Following both intravenous and intramuscular injections of colistin sodium methanesulfonate (colimycin, CL-M) in rats the blood level reached the peaks one hour later. Upon autopsy small amounts of CL-M were found in the kidney, spleen, small intestine, lung, liver and heart. Almost all of CL-M had been excreted 24 hours after the injections mainly in the urine, and small amount was found in the intestinal tract.
2. Following both intravenous and intramuscular injections in human adults, the blood level of CL-M reached a peak after 30 minutes. CL-M was excreted in the urine, 76% in the adults and 45% in the children.

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Audiometrical estimation using audiometer with the extensive frequency range from 20,000 Hz to 500 Hz and histopathological investigation of the spiral organ extending from the basal end to the apical end revealed that ototoxicosis in the auditory system is much milder in the guinea pigs treated with DKB at 50 mg/kg for 28 days intramuscularly than in the guinea pigs treated with GM at 40 mg/kg for 28 days and KM at 200 mg/kg for 28 days intramuscularly. There was no remarkable injury in the vestibular organs in these guinea pigs.

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[in Japanese]

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The pharmacological actions of clindamycin-2-phosphate were investigated. Summary of pharmacological actions and minimal effective doses (MED) were as follows: inhibition on excised frog heart (2×10^-4g/ml), inhibition on excised guinea-pig atrium (10^-4g/ml), bradycardia on ECG of the rabbit (5mg/kg), acceleration on excised rabbit intestine (2×10^-4g/ml), dilation on excised rabbit ear vessels (10^-3 g/ml), acceleration on permeability of rabbit abdominal skin vessels (1,000 mcg) and acceleration on excised rat uterus (5×10^-4 g/ml). No effect on excised guinea-pig intestine and tracheal muscle was observed in doses up to 2×10^-4 g/ml and 5×10^-4 g/ml, respectively. Blood pressure of the rabbit fell in a dose of 20 mg/kg, however, respiration was not affect.
These actions were almost identical with those of clindamycin, and MED's were 2-200 timeslarger. These MED were 1,000-10,000 times larger than its minimum inhibitory concentrations and also 20-100 times larger than its maximum blood level.
Therefore, it is concluded that clindamycin-2-phosphate is one of the antibiotics which have much less pharmacological actions.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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