The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics
Online ISSN : 2186-5477
Print ISSN : 0368-2781
ISSN-L : 0368-2781
Volume 43, Issue 11
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • TAKAHISA YAMANE, YOSHITAKA NAKAO, YOSHINORI YASUI, KENSUKE OTA, HIDEHI ...
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1843-1849
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The efficacy and safety of a combination regimen using cefmetazole (CMZ) and netilmicin (NTL) were evaluated in the treatment of infections complicated with hematological disorders.
    Primary diseases in 31 patients included in the evaluation were acute myelocytic leukemia (3 cases), acute lymphocytic leukemia (2 cases), malignant lymphoma (14 cases), chronic myelocytic leukemia (2 cases), chronic myelocytic leukemia blast crisis (4 cases), myelodysplastic syndrome (2 cases), aplastic anemia (3 cases), and malignant histiocytosis (1 case). Complicated infections included 29 cases of suspected septicemia, 1 case of septicemia and 1 case of pneumonia. Clinical responses were excellent in 6 (19.4%), good in 12 (38.7%), fair in 1 (3.2%) and poor in 12 (38.7%). The total clinical efficacy rate was 58.1%. No significant effect of initial neutrophil counts was observed on response rates. Patients who showed increasing neutrophil counts during therapy had higher response rates than those in whom the neutrophil count decreased or remained unchanged at levels less than 500/mm3 in after neutrophil counts. No side effects were observed in any of the 31 patients.
    In conclusion, this combination therapy of CMZ and NTL thus appears to be useful and safe in therapies for infections complicated with hematological disorders.
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  • SHINSUKE TAKAGI, SOICHI ARAKAWA, OSAMU MATSUMOTO, SADAO KAMIDONO, KYUB ...
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1850-1872
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Clinical studies on S 6472, a longer lasting preparation of cefaclor (CCL), were performed and the folowing results were obtained.
    S 6472 was administered orally to 102 patients with urinary tract infections including 16 with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis, 32 with acute uncomplicated cystitis, 31 with complicated pyelonephritis and 23 with complicated cystitis. 95 patients were treated with 375 mg of S 6472 2 times daily and 7 patients were treated with 750 mg of S 6472 2 times daily. The overall clinical efficacy was evaluated on the basis of the criteria proposed by the Japanese UTI Committee.
    1. Clinical efficacies in 11 cases of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis were excellent in 10 and moderate in 1, with an overall efficacy rate of 100%. Bacteriologically, all 12 strains identified in the acute uncomplicated pyelonephiritis cases were eradicated, with an eradication rate of 100%.
    2. Clinical efficacies in 21 cases of acute uncomplicated cystitis were excellent in 17, moderate in 3 and poor in 1, with an overall efficacy rate of 95%. As to bacteriological responses, 22 strains identified in the acute uncomplicated cystitis cases (except 1 of Escherichia coli) were eradicated, with an eradication rate of 95%.
    3. Clinical responses in 43 cases of complicated urinary tract infections were excellent in 20, moderate in 15 and poor in 8, with an overall efficacy rate of 81%. Bacteriologically, 39 strains, including only one strain of P. aeruginosa, in the complicated urinary tract infection cases (except 4 of E. coli, 1 of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 of Enterococcus faecalis and 2 of Enterobacter cloacae) were eradicated, with an eradication rate of 83%.
    As side effects, slight stomatitis and gastric discomfort were noted in 1 patient each but we were able to continue the medication. Abnormal laboratory test values found were: 1 case of a slight and transient increase of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and 1 case of a slight and transient increase of serum creatinine level.
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  • SOICHI ARAKAWA, SHINSUKE TAKAGI, OSAMU MATSUMOTO, SADAO KAMIDONO, KUHE ...
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1873-1892
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For an objective evaluation of the clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of S 6472 (a long acting cefaclor) in non-catheterized patients with complicated urinary tract infections, a double-blind comparative study was performed using conventional cefaclor preparation (hereafter, CCL) as the control drug.
    S 6472 was administered orally at a single dose of 750 mg twice daily, and CCL at a single dose of 500 mg 3 time daily. The duration of the treatment was 5 days for either drug. Clinical efficacies were evaluated according to the criteria for evaluation of drug efficacy by the Japanese UTI Committee (3rd edition), and the following results were obtained.
    1. The initial distribution of the patients' background characteristics was not significantly different between the S 6472 and CCL groups.
    2. The overall clinical efficacy rates were 76.2% in the S 6472 group and 75.5% in the CCL group, indicating no significant difference between the 2 groups. When clinical efficacies evaluated according to different types of infections (UTI groups), the differences between the 2 drug groups were not significant in any of desease groups 2, 3, 4, and 6.
    3. Clinical efficacy rates as evaluated by attending physicians were not significantly different between the 2 groups, either.
    4. Bacteriological responses were evaluated as eradicated in 81.2% in the S 6472 group and 78.3% in the CCL group, suggesting no statistically significant difference.
    5. The incidences of side effects were 2.9% (4/139) in the S 6472 group and 0.7% (1/141) in the CCL group, thus no significant differences existed between the 2 groups. On laboratory examination, 4 and 5 abnormal test values, respectively, were detected in 3/94 patients in the S 6472 group and 5/100 patients in the CCL group, but the difference wes not significant between the 2 groups, either. All of these side effect symptoms and abnormal laboratory test values were mild in severity and transient. The results of the overall safety rating which was based on the evaluations of the side effects and laboratory test values indicated no significant difference between the 2 groups.
    6. According to judgement by the attending doctors, the clinical usefulness rates evaluated based on the results of the efficacy and safety ratings were not significantly different between the S 6472 and CCL groups. These findings suggest that S 6472 produces excellent therapeutic results in complicated noncatheter-indwelt UTI patients and its clinical efficacy, safety, and usefulness are equal to those of the conventional CCL.
    Taking into account the advantage of twice-daily dosing for S 6472 instead of 3 times dosing, S 6472 is considered to be a highly useful antibiotics for complicated UTIs.
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  • TAKASHI MOTOHIRO, AKIRA KAWAKAMI, HIROKAZU SASAKI, MASAFUMI ARAMAKI, Y ...
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1893-1897
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A multiple dose trial of BMY-28100, a new oral cephalosporin, was performed in volunteers, in order to evaluate its safety and pharmacokinetics.
    BMY-28100 was administered orally 250 mg t. i. d. for 7 days to seven healthy adult males.
    No side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed.
    Peak levels of serum concentration and half-lives after the first and 19th administrations were 4.45 and 4.83, μg/ml and 1.3 and 1.1 hours, respectively.
    Urinary recoveries in 24 hours were 53.4% on day 1 and 56.2% on day 7.
    There was no tendency towards accumulation in blood upon continuous daily dosing of 250 mg t. i. d.
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  • TAKASHI MOTOHIRO, AKIRA KAWAKAMI, HIROKAZU SASAKI, MASAFUMI ARAMAKI, Y ...
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1898-1913
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated effects of BMY-28100 on fecal bacteria.
    BMY-28100 was administered orally to 8 healthy male volunteers between 20 and 24 years of age weighing between 58.0 and 79.5 kg.
    All subjects were given one 250 mg capsule 3 times a day at 30 minutes after meal for 7 days.
    Fecal bacterial counts were examined 5 days before the start of administration, the day of the start of administration, 3, 5 and 7 days after the start of administration, and 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after the end of administration.
    Concentrations of BMY-28100 and Clostridium difficile D-1 toxin in feces were also examined together with examinations for adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory test values.
    1. Total aerobic bacterial counts increased transiently upon the antibiotic dosage. Escherichia coli and yeast like organism increased transiently during the period of administration, while the total counts of anaerobic bacteria remained constant.
    Veillonellaceae, Peptococcaceae and Eubacterium decreased transiently during the period of administration.
    Although C. difficile and its D-1 toxin were detected in 1 and 5 cases, respectively, these feces appeared normal.
    2. Active metabolites of BMY-28100 were not detected in the feces.
    3. No adverse effects or no abnormal laboratory test values were observed.
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  • KOTARO OIZUMI, AKIRA WATANABE, AKIRA SAITO, MASAMI TOMIZAWA, ICHIRO NA ...
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1914-1947
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The efficacy, safety and usefulness of BMY-28100 for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia were compared with those of cefaclor (hereinafter referred to as CCL) in a double-blind study.
    The daily dosages were 750 mg for BMY-28100 and 1,500 mg for CCL, divided into 3 administrations daily. These drugs were administered orally for at least 14 days.
    A total of 172 cases were enrolled in this study. Of these, cases which deviated from the protocols were excluded from evaluations. Thus, clinical efficacy was evaluated in 124 cases, adverse reactions were evaluated in 160 cases, and abnormal laboratory test values were evaluated in 146 cases. The following results were obtained.
    1. Efficacy rates (“good” or better responses) in bacterial pneumonia cases as evaluated by the subcommittee were 81.7% (49/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 89.1% (41/46) in the CCL group, thus no significant difference was found between the 2 groups.
    2. Efficacy rates (“good” or better responses), as evaluated by investigators, in the same bacterial pneumonia cases which were subjected to the evaluation by the subcommittee were 83.3% (50/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 88.9% (40/45) in the CCL group, thus no significant difference between the 2 groups was found also.
    3. Bacteriological response rates in bacterial pneumonia cases were 86.2% (25/29) in the BMY-28100 group and 85.7% (18/21) in the CCL group with no significant difference between the 2 groups.
    4. Incidences of subjective/objective clinical adverse symptoms were 3.5% (3/85) in the BMY-28100 group and 1.3% (1/75) in the CCL group, and no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. No significant difference was also found between the 2 groups in incidences of abnormal laboratory test values, as abnormalities were found in 21.1 % (16/76) of the cases in the BMY-28100 group and 25.7% (18/70) in the CCL group.
    5. As for overall usefulness of the drug in bacterial pneumonia cases, utility rates (“useful” or better evaluations) as evaluated by the subcommittee were 83.6% (46/55) in the BMY-28100 group and 90.5% (38/42) in the CCL group, and the rates as evaluated by investigators in cases judged as evaluable by the subcommittee were 78.3% (47/60) and 82.2% (37/45), respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups.
    The utility rates as evaluated by investigators in cases in which diseases were diagnosed as bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess by investigators were 78.3% (47/60) in the BMY-28100 group and 82.2% (37/45) in the CCL group.
    These results indicated that BMY-28100 750 mg/day had comparable efficacy and safety to CCL but with only half of the CCL dosage, 1,500 mg/day. Therefore, BMY-28100 is very useful for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia.
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  • YOSHIO DAIMON
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1948-1955
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In vitro antibacterial activities of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (imipenem) and other β-lactams against clinically isolated 353 bacterial strains were investigated. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows:
    1. Imipenem (IPM) showed potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae.
    2. IPM had inferior or equivalent antibacterial activities to β-lactams against clinically isolated Enterobacteriaceae, that is, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus spp.
    3. IPM showed potent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter anitratus but not against Xanthomonas maltophilia.
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  • A STUDY MAINLY FOCUSED ON IMIPENEM
    JUN IGARI
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 1956-2002
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (IPM) and other antibacterial agents at 64 hospital laboratories throughout Japan from September to December of 1988. In this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory and the tests were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by NCCLS in which susceptibilities are classified into “S”, “MS”, “I” and “R”. IPM showed markedly high in vitro activities against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Salmonella spp., Citrobacter freundii, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Alcaligenes spp., Peptococcus spp.Peptostreptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides spp. IPM also had strong activities against Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but less active againstFlavobacterium spp., E. faecium, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas cepacia. In a study in which activitis of IPM against bacteria isolated from different clinical sources were compared, differences in susceptibilities were observed among S. aureus, CNS, A. calcoaceticus and P. aeruginosa, but such differences were not apparent among S. pneumoniae, E.faecalis, H. influenzae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens or P. mirabilis.
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  • KEIZO SUZUKI, YOSHIHIRO NAGATA, MASAKI HORIBA
    1990 Volume 43 Issue 11 Pages 2003-2010
    Published: November 25, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Efficacies of ceftibuten (CETB, 7432-S, 200 mg/capsule) in urinary tract infections (UTI) were studied. The results of the study are summarized as described below.
    1. CETB was administered to 15 complicated chronic cases of UTI using a dose level of 400 mg per day. The efficacy rates determined according to the criteria prescribed by the UTI committee and according to physicians' judgements were 81.8% and 92.3%, respectively.
    Bacteriological efficacy rates were 100% against Gram-negative rods and 87.5% against Grampositive cocci
    2. Only 1 cace of adverse reaction, slight dizziness, was noted.
    3. CETB appears to be the most useful agent of the new oral cephems against strains of Serratia marcescens which are resistant to new quinolones.
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