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Volume 48, Issue 12
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III. SECULAR CHANGES IN SUSCEPTIBILYOSHIAKI KUMAMOTO, TAKAOKI HIROSE, NORIAKI TANAKA, YOSHINAO HIKICHI, S ...1995 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 1803-1890
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSusceptibilities of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 hospitals during June 1993 to May 1994 to various antimicrobial agents were compared with those in the same period of previous years according to a classification, uncomplicated UTIs, complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, and complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter.
The susceptibilities of E. faecalis to chloramphenicol decreased. As for S. aureus, susceptible strains to minocycline (MINO) decreased in complicated UTIs. As for Citrobacter spp., and Enterobacter spp., their susceptibilities were not observed an obvious change. Against E. coli, the activities of cefotiam decreased in complicated UTIs, and aminoglycosides decreased. As for Klebsiella spp., susceptible strains to aminoglycosides decreased. The susceptibilities of P. mirabilis to all drugs except aminoglycosides and MINO were good. The susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa to quinolones isolated from complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter increased, but susceptible strains to aminoglycosides decreased. The susceptibilities of Serratia spp. to MINO has decreased.
These data should be considered in clinical treatment of various urinary tract infections.View full abstractDownload PDF (6333K) -
KATSUMI IMAMORI, TAKEMITSU ASAOKA, MASARU MATSUMOTO, KAZUNORI MAEBASHI ...1995 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 1891-1898
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFA103 is a newly developed quinolone derivative with a seven-membered ring, perhydrodiazepinone, at the C-7 position.
The in vitro antibac terial activity of FA103 against a panel of bacterial type strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, was compared with that of ofloxacin, nor floxacin, ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin.
The activity of FA103 against Gram-positive bacteria and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, was higher than those of other quinolones, and its activity against Gram-negativ e bacteria was equal to or less than those of other quinolones. FA103 was 2 to 8 times more active than sparfloxa cin against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and was 2 to 8 times less active than sparfloxacin against Gram-negative bacteria so far tested.
The in vitro antibacterial profile of FA103 is similar to that of sparflo xacin, which shows potent concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FA103 showed potent bactericidal activity and inhibited the super-coiling activity of DNA gyrase.
In addition, FA103 was more active than other quinolones against Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae.View full abstractDownload PDF (790K) -
MASAMI KOGUCHI, YUMIKO SUZUKI, SETSUKO TANAKA, SHIGEMI FUKAYAMA, RIKA ...1995 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 1899-1905
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/ticarcillin (CVA/TIPC) against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1992 and 1994, β-lactamase activities were analyzed and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined including those of the control drugs. The results are as follows;
1. Compared to a report in 1980, the MIC distributions of CVA/TIPC against E. coli and P. aeruginosa did not show large differences. We found, however, that CVA/TIPC-resistant strains increased among Enterobacter spp.
2. Almost all of CVA/TIPC-resistant strains of Enterobacter spp. were also resistant to cephems and new quinolones, thus they were multiple drug resistant.
3. CVA/TIPC showed strong antimicrobial activities aga inst penicillinase producing E. coli.View full abstractDownload PDF (716K) -
YUMIKO SUZUKI, MASAMI KOGUCHI, SETSUKO TANAKA, SHIGEMI FUKAYAMA, RIKA ...1995 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 1906-1919
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefepime (CFPM), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CFPM and other drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained in 1994.
1. CFPM showed a wide antibacterial spectrum against Staphylococcus spp. and glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rods ((G) NF-GNR). Antimicrobial activities of CFPM against Staphylococcus spp. were stronger than those of ceftazidime (CAZ) and somewhat stronger than those of cefotaxime (CTX), and antimicrobial activity of CFPM against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was same as that of CAZ.
2. Antimicrobial activities of CFPM against almost all of Enterobacteriaceae were stronger than those of CAZ and CTX. And CFPM showed strong antimicrobial activities against CAZresistant Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter spp.
3. Antimicrobial activities of CFPM were weaker than thos e of CAZ against some of strains of Klebsiella oxytoca, β-lactamase high producing strains of Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis and than those of CTX against β-lactamase high producing strains of Prevotella spp.
4. The feature of new cephems was demonstrated in that CFPM had wider antibacteri al spectrum than cephems of previous genenations against Staphylococcus spp. and (G) NF-GNR and CFPM showed strong antimicrobial activities against almost all of oxacephem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1342K) -
MASAMI KOGUCHI, YUMIKO SUZUKI, SETSUKO TANAKA, SHIGEMI FUKAYAMA, RIKA ...1995 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 1920-1934
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate antimicrobial activities of clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (CVA/AMPC) against freshly isolated clinical strains obtained in 1995, β-lactamase activities and minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) were determined including those of the control drugs.
The results are summarized as follows;
1. Detection frequencies of β-lactamase producing strains were as follows:methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus subsp.aureus(MSSA, 90.0%),Haemophilus influenzae(22.0%),Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis(100.0%),Escherichia coli(100.0%),Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae(100.0%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae(14.0%). It appeared that β-lactamases produced by these strains were mostly penicillinase or enzyme of similar that.
2. Antimicrobial activities of CVA/AMPC against β-lactamase producing strains were stronger than those of AMPC, and MIC90 of CVA/AMPC against benzylpenicillin(PCG)-insensitive or resistant Streptococcus pneumoniaewas lower than those of sultamicillin, cefaclor and cefpodoxime.
3. CVA showed strong β-lactamase inhibitory effect againstM.(B.)catarrhalis of direct and indirect pathogenicity. We can expect CVA/AMPC to negate or decrease the influence of indirect pathogenicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1389K) -
TSUTOMU TSURUOKA, AIKO MIYATA, SHIGEHARU INOUYE1995 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 1935-1938
Published: December 25, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: May 17, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined effect of fosfomycin (FOM) on growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) NIHJ JC-2, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) PFS80 and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Smith. FOM inhibited the growth of these organisms at 0.1-0.5, 10-50 or 5-50μg/ml, respectively.In E. coli, FOM clearly lyzed the cells at 0.5μg/ml. These 3 bacteria incorporated radiolabeled FOM proportionately to incubation time. Intracellular concentration of FOM was estimated by considering the water content of E. coli cells. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular concentrations of FOM was larger than 1 after 5-10 min. incubation with FOM and reached about 7 after 40 min. FOM was incorporated actively into P. aeruginosa over extracellular concentration after 40-min. incubation on the basis of the above-mentioned water content. It was suggested that FOM was incorporated actively into various bacterial cells, and inhibited efficiently cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, thus inhibited bacterial growth or lyzed the bacterial cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (482K)
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