The Journal of Antibiotics, Series A
Online ISSN : 2435-5135
Print ISSN : 0368-1173
ISSN-L : 0368-1173
16 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
Original Articles
  • Hideo Koshiyama, Masanori Okanishi, Tomoo Ohmori, Takeo Miyaki, Hirosh ...
    1963 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 59-66
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2020/07/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    A number of antibiotic substances derived from Streptomyces cultures, which appear to be related bioligically and chemically to erythromycin or carbomycin, have been reported to date. They are colorless bases, active mainly against Gram-positive bacteria and have similar patterns of cross resistance. They have been grouped together as macrolide antibiotics.

    In the course of systematic screening for new antibiotics, a new strain, Strptomyces sp. No. 12090, was isolated which in submerged culture produces a new antibiotic, cirramycin, belonging to the macrolide group antibiotics.

    This paper deals with the producing strain, production, isolation, as well as biological and physico-chemical properties of cirramycin. This antibiotic contains at least two components, A and B, which were separated by counter-current distribution. When no reference is made to either A or B, the material used was a mixture containing approximately equal amount of A and B components.

  • Theodore H. Haskell, Richard H. Bunge, James C. French, Quentin R. Bar ...
    1963 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 67-75
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2020/07/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Miklos Bodanszky, James D. Dutcher, Nina J. Williams
    1963 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 76-79
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2020/07/07
    ジャーナル フリー
  • L. Nyiri, Z. L. Lengyel, Anne Erdélyi
    1963 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 80-85
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2020/07/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    Nyiri1) had observed a partial cross inhibition (pseudoantagonism) between oxytetracycline-producing (active) and non-producing (inactive) Streptomyce rimosus variants. Due to the concentration of oxytetracycline the inactive variant showed different reactions: until in the case of low antibiotic concentration germination of spores and the development of young hyphae was restricted by the elder hyphae were induced to produce oxytetracycline.

    To reveal the biochemical causes of these phenomena experiments were carried out to determine the effect of oxytetracycline on the metabolism of Streptomyces rimosus.

    Considering the mode of action of this antibiotic on the bacterial metabolism, the effect of respiratory and/or oxidative phosphorylation system seemed to presumable. Accordingly experiments were at first designed to study the effects of oxytetracycline on the carbohydrate metabolism of oxytetracycline-producing and non-producing Streptomyces rimosus variants.

  • Nobuo Tanaka, Hideyo Yamaguchi, Hamao Umezawa
    1963 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 86-91
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2020/07/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    Phleomycin, isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces verticillus by Maeda et al.2,3), is a water-soluble copper-containing antibiotic complex, effective against a variety of bacteria. Recent investigation by Lein et al.4) and Umezawa et al.5) revealed that it exhibits a significant tumor-inhibitory activity against Ehrlich carcinoma, sarcoma 180 and adenocarcinoma 755 of mice. Lein et al.4)and reported introduction of lysogenic bacteria by phleomycin.

    In this connection, the mode of action of phleomycin has been investigated and the results are presented in this publication. It was observed that this antibiotic selectively inhibits the DNA synthesis in E. coli and in HeLa cells, as reported by Shiba et al.6) with mitomycin C in E. coli. However, phleomycin was found to show much less activity of depolymerizing DNA to acid-soluble products than mitomycin C.

  • Hideyo Yamaguchi
    1963 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 92-96
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2020/07/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    As reported in the previous paper1), mikamycin A inhibited the incorporation of 14C-amino acids into the hot acid-precipitable, trypsin-degestible fraction of the cells of Staphylococcus aureus and this inhibitory effect was demonstrated to be markedly enhanced by the addition of mikamycin B, despite that mikamycin B itself hardly affected 14C-amino acids incorporation.

    A number of works have indicated that following three steps exist in the course of protein synthesis:

    (1) Amino acid activation by specific enzymes in the presence of ATP2,3,4)

    (2) Transfer of activated amino acid to soluble ribonucleic acid5,6)

    (3) Protein formation from soluble RNA-amino acid complexes on the ribosome6,7)

    This paper presents some investigations in the various microorganisms on the site of action of mikamycins in the intermidiate steps of protien synthesis described above, especially on the point whether the site of inhibation by mikamycins is in the synthesis of protein itself or any preceding steps of amino acid transfer.

  • Hideyo Yamaguchi
    1963 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 97-106
    発行日: 1963年
    公開日: 2020/07/07
    ジャーナル フリー

    It has been shown by detailed studies of several workers that such antibiotics as chloramphenicol1,2), tetracycline13), puromycin3) and streptomycin4) inhibit protein synthesis and that the site of action of these antibiotics are in transfer of amino acid from soluble RNA to protein in the pathway of protein synthesis. In the previous paper5), mikamycins were reported to inhibit the incorporation of 14C-leucine into protein without effect on the incorporation into RNA. From the result, it was suggested that the actual site of action of mikamycins might be also located in the step of transfer of amino acid from soluble RNA to protein.

    In the present study, to investigate this problem, the soluble and ribosomal fraction were separated from the cells of Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus lysodeikticus after the incubation with 14C-amino acid mixture or >14C-leucine in the presence or absence of mikamycins. From both fractions the RNA and protein fractions were prepared and the incorporation of amino acid into these fractions were studied. Effect of mikamycins on the synthesis of RNA and protein was comparably studied.

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