Phosphorylase activity of the brain of adult mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits was investigated histochemically by TAKEUCHI-KURIAKI's method with iodine reaction.
The rats and guinea pigs presented far more constant, intense and extensive activity than mice and rabbits. The white matter generally exhibited an intense brown color between the myelinated nerve fibers. The grey matter showed fairly characteristic distribution of the enzyme in the different regions of the brain. A moderate purple staining was consistently demonstrated in the paraventricular structures such as the area postrema, subcommissural organ, walls of the third ventricle and SYLVIan aqueduct, medial margin of the caudate nucleus. The neocortex as well as the optic tectum and cerebellar cortex showed strong or moderate brownish purple color. Nuclei of the brain stem gave characteristic staining; a purple color was encountered in the mesencephalic and motor nuclei of the fifth nerve, nuclei of the facial and hypoglossal nerve and nucleus ambiguus, brown or purplish brown color occurring in the striatum, interpeduncular and inferior olivary nuclei.

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Phosphorylase activity of the brain of rats from late fetal life to adults was investigated histochemically by TAKEUCHI-KURIAKI's method, using the iodine reaction.
The phosphorylase of late fetal or newborn rats was generally slight in activity, except for moderate or strong action in some structures; arachnoid membrane, choroid plexuses, ventricular walls, area postrema, pineal and subcommissural bodies, raphe of the medulla oblongata, some brain stem nuclei such as the nucleus of the mesencephalic tract and motor nucleus of the fifth nerve, nuclei of the abducens, facial and hypoglossal nerves, nucleus ambiguus. Slight reaction appeared in the ventral thalamic and habenular nuclei on the 3rd day, in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and superior colliculus on the 5th day after birth. The enzyme activity showed a general increase at 14 days and reached the maximal intensity at about 21 days of age, and exhibited slight decrease of activity from 2 months after birth. The white matter showed an initial activity at different ages from 5 to 21 days, to attain maximal activity by 1 month, which occurred between the myelinated nerve fibers.

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Die Menge der Lipoide im Blutplasma ist bei den Knorpelfischen bei weitem geringer als bei den Knochenfischen. Die Pjs-SCHIFF-Reaktion und die Metachromasie mit Toluidinblau zum Nachweis von sauren Polysaccharidverbindungen treten in der Knorpelgrundsubstanz der Knorpelfische beträchtlich stärker auf als in der der Knochenfische.

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Previously the author fed rats a non-protein diet during 10 and 20 days and observed morphologically that the secretory function of the pancreatic cells is quite inferior even after the administration of the same diet and the secretion of the gastric hormone productin (FUJIE) which is believed to be a histamine-like substance secreted from the gastric epitlelial cells and to promote active pancreatic secretion is also minor. The author, hereat, performed similar experiments using author's histidine-diet (non-protein diet added histidine hydrochloride daily 1mg and 5mg per rat), in order to give a solution for the problem of the cause of the above phenomenon, that is: Is it due to the lack of absolute quantity of protein? or Is it due to the lack of histidine which is an amino-acid connected to histamine?
Results obtained here are manifested as follows. The secretory function of the pancreatic cell and the secretion of productin have been initiated actively after the histidine-diet administration and they are similar to that of normal rats; the loss in weight was somewhat minor in the case of feeding histidine-diet than in that of non-protein diet; however the abnormalities in the cell structure, which are marked only in the cases of non-protein feeding and believed to be due to the lack of protein, are also here so often recognized that it can hardly be considered that histidine can mitigate the protein lack. It is noticeable that the secretory function, especially the production of zymogen granules of the pancreatic cells which is promoted by the histamine-like gastric hormone productin, is not disturbed when histidine was contained in diet, even if protein extremely lacked in the diet.

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The inner circular layer of the lamina muscularis mucosae of the rectum of cat goes out of existence as the anus is approached, but the outer longitudinal layer gains in development and reaches down to the distal part of the zona columnaris and, dissimilar from that in dog. The outer longitudinal layer of the tunica muscularis of the rectum disappears when the anus is reached, while its inner circular layer forms a weak m. sphincter ani int, around the zona intermedia ani.
The zona intermedia ani is far narrower in extent than that of man and no papillae, as found in the human counterpart, are formed in this part of cat anus. Neither longitudinal muscle fibres are found beneath the propria. The zona columnaris ani consists of columnae rectales and sinus rectales, quite as in man and dog, but unlike in the case of man, a prominent papillary formation is observed in the feline anus.
In the cat anus, proctal glands found in powerful development in the dog anus and the anal canals conspicuous in the human anus are both absent. But in the feline anus, very peculiar anal bags are found in formation. These are formed by the mucous membrane in the inferior portion of the zona intermedia ani running far into the outer sphincter muscle and stretching out bag-wise. Sebaceous and sweat glands are found in powerful development in the subepithelial tissue of these bags.
Sensory fibres run into the adventitia of the distal part of the cat rectum accompanying many vegetative nerve fibres which come into close connection with the AUERBACH's and also the MEISSNER's plexus there. The ganglion cells in the AUERBACH's plexus show indeterminate multipolarity, numerous apolar cells being found among them. The small ganglia in the MEISSNER's plexus are formed in the vicinity of the muscularis mucosae in the greatest majority, and the nerve processes sent out by the cells therein are particularly poor in development. The fine vegetative fibres form STÖHR's terminal reticula in the lowest portion of the rectum as well.
The sensory fibres mostly form their terminations upon reaching the propria but some of them end in simple branched terminations in the submucosa and the lamina muscularis mucosae. Sometimes these fibres end bluntly or sharply in looped terminations after running rather complicated looping courses without much ramifying. The sensory fibres ending in the propria, after loosing their myelin sheaths, form unbranched or simple branched terminations around the intestinal crypts. Their terminal fibres sometimes run very long courses and terminate subepithelially in sharp points, never penetrating into the epithelium.
AUERBACH's and MEISSNER's plexus are formed in the anus of cat too, but the ganglia in them are poorer in development than those in the inferior rectum above and the structure of the ganglion cells therein is also much simpler.
The sensory fibres running into the mucous membrane of the cat anus are more numerous than those in the inferior rectum and mostly end subepithelially. These fibres are found more abundant in the zona columnaris where the papillary formation is prominent than in the zona intermedia where no papillae are in formation, and their terminations are more complex in structure in the former zone. In the proximal part of the zona columnaris such development of sensory fibres is particularly notable. These complex terminations, however, originate mostly in medium-sized fibres and consist in fairly complex branched terminations. In the distal part of the zona columnaris, on the other hand, most of the terminations originate in thick stem fibres, but are simpler in structure here than in the preceding and are mostly of the unbranched type. Intraepithelial fibres are found in the zona columnaris ani in cat too, but these are much less powerful than in man and dog, being limited to unbranched type in most cases.

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There are only a few sensory fibres running into the synovial tissue of the elbow joint of the human embryos of 3-4 months. Most of these end in unbranched or simple branched terminations in the stratum fibrosum, but in rarer cases also in the stratum synoviale. These fibres show nodular swellings here and there and end sharply. Comparatively many sensory fibres from the articular nerves are found in the joint capsule and the surrounding tissue, their terminations forming simple and somewhat complex branched endings spreading rather widely. The terminal fibres form nodular swellings frequently in their courses as in the preceding.
Against all the accepted assertions of the past researchers, no PACINIan body was ever found, either in the joint capsule and its surrounding tissues or in the fascia or the cutis of the embryonic elbow-joint or its vicinity. The only corpuscular terminations found in this part consisted in the GOLGI-MASSONI's bodies formed in the periosteum, where, beside these bodies I found a number of specific branched terminations, not only around the epiphysis, as the GOLGI-MAZZONI's bodies, but also in the peritoneum around the diaphysis of the bones. Perhaps the latter are terminations concerned with the pain sensation in the periosteum, while the GOLGI-MAZZONI's bodies may be receptors of very refined sensations as are the genital nerve bodies.
The branched terminations formed in the periosteum originate in medium-sized or thick sensory fibres and their terminal fibres often show conspicuous change in size but usually little winding in their courses, except in rare cases, and end sharply in the inner layer of the periosteum. Sometimes, however, the terminal fibres pass into the intermuscular septa before ending. These terminations are specific to the periosteum and give the impression of being very powerful.
The GOLGI-MAZZONI's bodies found in the vicinity of the elbow-joint, quite as those found around the knee-joint (SHIMODA and NOZAKI), are formed in the periosteum of the bones coming together at the joint, in particular, where the muscules directly originate or insert through muscle tissue. Some are found, however, also in the periosteum at some distance from the joint, and not rarely in the intermuscular septa as well. The number of the bodies is particularly large in the epicondylus medialis humeri, but in the lower part of the olecranon they are not at all scarce either. These bodies are of bended cylindrical form and the inner bulbs in them are very broad and contain specific nuclei arranged in single or double rows. The inner bulb is lined on the outside by a similarly broad transparent layer, which in turn is covered by an inner circular and an outer longitudinal connective tissue cell layers. Into the inner bulb of such a GOLGI-MAZZONI's body is found running a single sensory fibre, which shows more or less perceptible change in size in its course and usually ends unbranched, but sometimes the fibre forms simple branched termination. The GOLGI-MAZZONI's bodies are often found in groups, and the sensory fibres running into the individual bodies of the groups are often derived from a single stout mother fibre.
On rare occasions, I encountered GOLGI-MAZZONI's bodies of two peculiar types. One of the types was represented by bodies into the inner bulb of which, beside the principal sensory fibre running in at the proximal and ending unbranched in the distal pole, an accessory fibre runs through the connective tissue capsule sideways and ends in a comparatively complex branched termination therein. The other type consists of bodies found particularly frequently in the synovial membrane and they are devoid of connective tissue capsules, i. e., presumably infantile GOLGI-MAZZONI's bodies.
The sensory terminations found in connection with the wrist-joint of human early embryos are much poorer in development than those in and around the elbow-joint above.

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Cholinesterase activity of the central nervous system was histochemically investigated in rodents (mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits) by using the KOELLE 3rd method. The result were as followed.
1. The pattern of cholinesterase distribution is remarkably similar but the intensity of activity somewhat differs in the animal species, being highest in mice and rats, intermediate in guinea gigs and lowest in rabbits.
2. The most intense reaction is given in the caudate nucleus, putamen, amygdaloid nuclei (especially pars posterior of the nucleus lateralis), tuberculum olfactorium, optic tectum, interpeduncular nucleus, locus caeruleus, nucleus ambiguus. An moderately intense activity occurs in the 1st layer of the neocortex, nucleus accumbens septi, diagonal band of BROCA, subfornical body, nucleus habenulae, anterior ventral nucleus of the thalamus, reticular nucleus, fasciculus retroflexus, nuclei pontis, nucleus lemnisci lateralis and most of the cranial nerve nuclei. An intermediate staining is exhibited in the neccortex, olfactory bulb, anterior dorsal nucleus of the thalamus, posterior nucleus of the thalamus, nucleus paraventricuralis, nucleus supraopticus, red nucleus, DEITERS' nucleus, granular layer of the cerebellum, inferior olivary nucleus, the GOLL and BURDACH nuclei and the floor of the fourth ventricle.
A low activity is present in the substantia nigra, superior olivary nucleus and main sensory nucleus of fifth nerve.

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The author has histochemically studied the alteration of cholinesterase of the brain of rats from late fetal life to adult. The results were as followed.
1. The periods of time necessary to attain maximal enzyme activities varied: the medulla oblongata and midbrain attained their maximal reaction at 14 days of age, diencephalone and nuclei cerebri at 21 days of age, while cerebral cortex in the age of 3 months.
2. In the medulla oblongata, the nucleus ambiguus gave marked activity in the late fetal life followed by the maximal reaction at 5 days of age. The nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve showed the similar changes.
3. In the pons, the earliest and marked activity was demonstrated in the locus caeruleus, while moderate reaction appeared in the motor and mesencephalic nuclei of the fifth nerve from newborn animals.
4. The midbrain showed an initial activity at varying ages. For examples, nucleus of 3rd nerve and mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve in 20th days of fetal age, nucleus interpeduncularis in the newborn animals, colliculus rostralis at 10 days of age. The activity of the nucleus of 3rd nerve was followed by rapid increase from 2 weeks of age.
5. The evident activity was demonstrated in the corpus LUYSI, fasciculus retroflexus and habenular nucleus in newborn animals. The ventral thalamic nucleus was the first reacting nucleus in the thalamus, to reach the moderate staining by 3 days of age.
6. A slight activity made its appearance in the striatum by 10 days of age, followed by gradual increase to attain maximal activity at 21 days of age.

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