The uterine ova of Ascaris suum (Swine ascaris) were subjected to ordinary microscopic observation, cytochemical investigation, polarization and phase contrast microscopy as well as to an electron microscopic study. It was found that in fertilized ova there existed specific granules which were arranged underneath the inner surface of the egg membrane, and examination was made as to the fact that they had to do with the formation of chitin membrane of the egg shell and the following results were obtained.
1. In ovarial ova, the granules already exist but they are not arranged in order.
2. Immediately after fertilization these granules are arranged in a line, in contact with the inner surface of the egg membrane, and later they are agglutinated to each other. At the region 10₍₁₎-9₍₃₎ of the uterus, the granules dwindle and, flattening, stick closely to the inner side of the egg membrane. When eggs arrive at the region 7, the egg membrane increases in thickness rapidly.
3. In unfertilized ova, the granules are coarse, irregular in shape and scattered about, existing in the cell till ovulation. In the ova in the lower uterine region, findings were obtained which gave the author an impression that the granules themselves were probably changing into chitin membrane.
4. Where the granules stick to the inner side of the egg membrane, there is seen an additional formation of its second layer, and stainability of the granules coincides with that of the chitin membrane. And it is often found that the surface layer of the stuck granules and the second layer show the same stainability.
5. In the egg membrane of unfertilized ovum, the chitin substance, which is stained light blue by MANN's staining, seldom appears, but on the surface of the ovum, as in the case of fertilized ovum, there is an addition of albuminous membrane from the inside of the uterus.
6. The fact that glycogen particles gather around the granules shows the possibility of synthesis of N-acetylglucosamine (which constitutes chitin) or of its precursor from glycogen.
7. By phase contrast and electron microscopy, the findings which support the pre-mentioned findings were obtained. Especially, the endoplasmic reticulum, which showed complex appearance around nucleus, surrounded yolk granules and specific granules, directly adhering closely to the inner side of the egg membrane. Into the inside of the specific granules, the E. R. entered and made a complex network structure, and it could be supposed that in the inside of these granules absorption or synthesis of some substance is probably done. Further, although the E. R. surrounding the specific granules directly adhered closely to the inner side of the egg membrane, examination of the egg shell which was formed to some extent showed that it was made of many lamellae consisting of fine particles which coincide with the contour of this closely adhered E. R.
8. From the above mentioned findings, the process of the formation of the egg membrane will be given by the following formula. E. R. Nucleus→Yolk granules→Glycogen-→Specific granules→E. R.→Chitin membrane The reason why mitchondria is not given in this diagram is because, as HORIE also stated, it was seldom found in the ovum of this stage and did appear in a large quantity only when yolk granules rapidly disappeared near the region 6. On the appearance of mitochondria an electron microscopic study is in progress as a separate subject.
9. The author could prove the fact that the shell membrane of ascaris ovum is composed of chitin substance, in accordance with SCHULZE.

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The fact that plenty of the substance containing an imidazol group can be proved by the histochemical colour reactions in the under-half of the gastric surface cells, where productin vacuoles are seen, was proved by the authors and have here that the Tetrazonium reaction with the pre-treatment of 2, 4 Dinitrofluorobenzen and the staining by Haematoxylin-eosin on the dogs' stomach after administration of the diet, the relationship between the histochemical reaction and the productin vacuoles should be quite clear.
The decrease of productin vacuoles and their locality in the surface cells, which are seen in the microscopic specimens of the Haematoxylin-eosin staining are coincidental with the decrease of the area which gives a positive colour of the chemical colour reaction and its locality in the cells, obtained by the Tetrazonium reaction. The increase of productin vacuoles and their locality in the cells are also coincidental with the increase of the positive area and its locality in the cells. And the substance in the surface cells, which gives a positive colour by the Tetrazonium reaction, is believed to be the same substance as is contained in productin vacuoles, viz. the gastric hormone productin of FUJIE.

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The adult male rats of WISTAR strain were devided into three experimental groups. The first consisted of 25 adrenalectomized rats which were decapitated 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days respectively after the removal; the second of 5 intact and 5 adrenalectomized with the administrations of 2.5mg of cortisone per day for 7 days; the third of the same number of intact and operated with the injections of 2.5mg of DOCA per day for 7 days. The changes in thyroid glands were histologically investigated.
Within 2 days the alterations were not profound yet in adrenalectomized animals. However, in 5 days the proliferation took places in follicles principally located at the center of the gland, being probably based on the augementation in hyperplasia of parafollicular cells whose enlarged cytoplasm usually contain, under the normal condition, a number of PAS-positive granules or vacuoles. Such a regeneration developed gradually in 10 and 15 days, finally ceased to advance to gain a subsequent fixed configuration. It was an information in the present observation as to the particular changes caused by the adrenalectomy that the huge colloidal substances of various sizes frequently appeared at manifold areas of the cell-bodies, especially accumulated at the luminal surface lacking the secretory cytoplasmic processes. These substances tended to be vacuolized at the basal part of the cell, associated with the vacancy or extraordinary reduction in amount of the intrafollicular colloid. With regard to their functional significance, an assumption may be drawn that they are not any indices to the intracellular synthesis of thyroglobulin, but rather accounted as the reabsorption picture (YOSHIMURA, IRIYE and YAGI 1958). The frequency in occurrence of these substances was the highest in 5, 10 and 15 days.
Following the prolonged administration of cortisone the follicles of intact rats were proliferous because of the advanced differentiation in the common glandular cells. Intrafollicular colloid faintly stained included abundant circumference vacuoles and at the periphery of the lumina the cytoplasmic processes indicating a possible apocrine secretion were often detected. With the administration of cortisone the thyroid glands of the adrenalectomized rats resulted in the serious disorder in the cell arrangement, which was presumably originated in their malignant hyperplasia, although it is impossible for us to determine whether this proliferous phenomenon is ascribed to the activity of the common follicular cells or that of parafollicular ones. The huge colloidal substances following the adrenalectomy completely disappeared with the chemical introduction. The effect of DOCA upon the thyroid glands of intact and adrenalectomized rats were so delicate or minute, but take a moderate action to disperse the huge colloidal substances induced by the adrenalectomy, and also to make a slight proliferation of follicles. The mode of action of coritcoids upon the thyroid gland was discussed on the basis of present morphological aspects.

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Das Epithel der Mundschleimhaut ist beim Frühgeborenen im allgemeinen dünn. Es ist an der Wange am dicksten und an dem Zungenrücken, der Zungenunterfläche und dem Mundboden am dünnsten. Das Epithel der Mundschleimhaut des Greises ist nur an der Wange von beinahe gleicher Dicke wie beim Frühgeborenen, in anderen Stellen aber immer dicker. Beim Greise ist das Epithel am Zungenrücken am dicksten, daran anschließend dick am harten Gaumen und Zahnfleisch, aber an der Zungenunterfläche und am Mundboden am dünnsten. Beim Frühgeborenen ist das Epithel nirgendwo verhornt, obgleich die oberflächlichsten Zellen sich stellenweise abplatten, dagegen ist das Epithel beim Greise häufig verhornt und mit saurem Farbstoff Eosin gut färbar.
Die bindegewebigen Papillen sind beim Frühgeborenen noch nicht gut ent wickelt, beim Greise aber überall vorhanden, und insbesondere sind sie am Zahnfleisch, harten Ganmen und Zungenrücken stark gebildet.
Im Bindegewebe der Mundschleimhaut sind die Retikulumzellen bis in die ziemlich tiefen Lagen zu sehen, daneben kommen auch Fibrocyten vor. In der Tiefe, in welcher reichlich Bindegewedsfasern gebidet sind, finden sich aber zahlreiche Fibrocyten.
In dem Zahnfleisch des Frühgeborenen bilden die Retikulumzellen den Mutterboden des Bindegewebes bis in die Tiefe, beim Greise aber bilden die Retikulumzellen und Fibrocyten unter dem Epithel seinen Mutterboden, während in der Tiefe sich die Bindegewebsfasern mit den Fibrocyten vermehren. Beim Frühgeborenen finden sich außer diesen Zellen nur wenige Retikulo- und Fibrocyten, aber kaum ausgebildete Histiocyten, beim Greise treten dagegen zahlreiche Retikulo- und Fibrohistiocyten und daneben, wenn auch in kleiner Zahl. Histiocyten auf.

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Das Ligamentum teres uteri wurde in der Plica lata uteri kurz vor dem Eintreten in den Leistenkanal untersucht.
1. Das Ligamentum verdickt sich bis zum 5. Lebensdezennium und wird dann wieder dünner.
2. Die Dicke der dicksten kollagenfasern im Ligamentum nimmt bis zum 3. Lebensdezennium zu. Sie werden darauf dünner. Bei der Geburt verringert sich ihre Dicke ein wenig. Die ganze Menge der Kollagenfasern im Ligamentum nimmt mit dem Altern und mit der Wiederholung der Geburt gewöhnlich zu.
3. Die elastischen Fasern entwickeln sich mit dem Fortschreiten der Zeit und der Wiederholung der Geburt in Bezug auf die Dicke, Zahl, Schlängelung sowie auf die Färbbarkeit mit Resorcinfuchsin.
4. Die Retikulumfasern finden sich am meisten zwischen den glatten Muskelfasern. Sie nehmen mit der Zeit ab.
5. Die Dicke der glatten Muskelfasern im Ligamentum vermehren sich mit der fetalen und postnatalen Zeit bis zum 3. Lebensdezennium und reduzieren sich dann allmählich. Sie sind bei den Multiparen etwas dünner. Die ganze Menge der glatten Muskelfasern im Ligament nimmt mit der Zeit und durch die Geburt zu, bis sie sich vom 5. Lebenensdezennium ab wieder verringert.

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The mucous membrane of the glandular stomach of rats fixed in one percent osmium tetroxide was observed with the electron microscope.
1. The body chief cell can be identified by the presence of abundant endoplasmic reticulum and secretory granules and vacuoles, which are almost transparent to the electron beam. Presumable transitions may be observed, among the inclusions mentioned above. The typical GOLGI apparatus is located at the supranuclear region, and long filamentous mitchondria are numerous at the cell periphery.
2. The parietal cell is characterized by the position of the cell, the presence of intracellular secretory capillaries and a multitude of large mitochondria; which are nothing but the so-called oxyntic granules, in which unusually close packing of cristae mitochondriales is recognized. No typical GOLGI apparatus is observed, and the rough surfaced endplasmic reticulum is scanty. Vesicles of the smooth surfaced endosplasmic reticulum, however, are richly contained throughout the cytoplasm. The intracellular capillary is provided with remarkable microvilli. From the free surface into lumen, extend a huge protoplasmic protrusion, which is of fine granular texture of almost homogeneous appearance and contains no mitochondrion. This figure may suggest a possibility of the presence of apocrine secretion in this cell.
3. The mucous neck cell may be distinguished from other cells by the irregularity of nuclear outline and the density of secretory granules, which is higher than those of body chief cells but lower than those of surface epithelial cells. The well developed GOLGI apparatus is situated among the secretory granules, to which the apparatus is often applied closely. Sometimes small granules similar in density to secretory granules are observed within the GOLGI area, suggesting an intimate relationship between the GOLGI apparatus and the mucus production. Endplasmic reticulum of the rough surfaced type and long filamentous mitochondria are repelled to the peripheral parts of the cell.
4. In the above cell types, i. e., the body chief, parietal and mucous neck cells, a peculiar behaviour of mitochondria was noted. Namely, mitochondria are often attached to the lateral plasma membrane at a thickened part shortly beneath the terminal bar.
5. The argyrophile cell (basal clear cell) contains small specific granules and fat droplets. Mitochondria of this cell are extremly slender. The GOLGI apparatus and rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum are less developed in this cell type.
6. The surface epithelial cell shows a characteristic accumulation of dense secretory granules of somewhat irregular outline at the apical end of the cell. This cell always contains well developed GOLGI apparatus, within which spherical granules of various sizes considered as probable forms of immature secretory granules are contained. Small dense particles presumable to contain the ribonucleoprotein are abundant in this cell. Remarkable foldings of lateral intercelllular boundary, the interdigitations, are observed.

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1. The hepatic cells in hydrocortisone-injected mouse were studied by the light, the phase and the electron microscopy.
Preparations stained with REGAUD's methode to show mitochondria were examined by the light microscope.
2. There is the characteristic relationship between mitochondria and fat droplets. The fat droplets which lie in cytoplasm are surrounded by the mitochondria and the narrow spaces are often found between the outer mitochondrial membrane and the surface of fat droplets. The outer membrane of mitochondria is often defective, especially, at portions of contact between mitochondria and fat droplets. The inner structure of mitochondria does not show remarkable changes.
3. The mitochondria embracing fat droplets are often observed under phase microscope. This appearance is also similar to it which is found in the electron microscopy. Under light microscope, it is impossible to reveal the characteristic relationship between mitochondria the fat droplets as found in the phase microscopy and the electron microscopy.
4. An hypothesis is proposed that the formation of fat and the β-oxidation of fatty acids does not occur in the interior of mitochondria, but in cytoplasm, associating closely with the outer mitocondrial membrane and the intermembraneous matrix of mitochondria.

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1. Histiocyten und ihre Vorstufen mit mehr oder weniger starker Farbspeicherungsvermögen werden immer im Gewebe unter dem mehrschichtigen Plattenepithel und besonders unter dem mehrreihigen Flimmerepithel zahlreich gesehen. Unter dem mehrreihigen, Riechzellen führenden, sog. Riechepithel kommen sie fast nicht vor, abgesehen von dem Riechepithel des JACOBSONschen Organs, unter welchem sie sich ziemlich zahlreich vorfinden.
2. Die farbspeichernden Zellen finden sich am zahlreichsten in der Nasenhöhle: im Vorderteil der Nasenhöhle, in der Wandung des Respirationsweges im Basalteil der Nasenhöhle, besonders an den Abhebungen der Wandung; im Rachen: am weichen Gaumen, um die Mündung der Tuba auditiva und am Eingang des Ösophagus; im Kehlkopf: am Kehldeckel, Vestibulum laryngis, Taschenband, Aryteil der Schleimhaut und Cavum laryngis inferius; in der Luftröhre: zwischen den Knorpelspangen, im freien Rand der longitudinalen Erhebung der Hinterwand und vor allem an der Teilungsstelle der Luftröhre. Alle diese Ort sind ja diejenigen, welche bei Atmung und Kosteinnehmen mechanisch und chemisch, aber auch durch eingedrungene pathogene Erreger leichter und stärker gereizt werden. An diesen Orten ist das Epithel auch verdickt.
3. Um Drüsen, Venengeflechte und Fettgewebe in der Tiefe der Schleimhaut und in der Nähe der Knochen- und Knorpelhaut sind häufig mit Farbstoff vollstopfte, sehr große Histiocyten zu sehen.
4. Die Verteilung der farbspeichernden Zellen ist an der Nasenhöhle der Katze fast die gleiche wie bei der Maus, abgesehen von dem Unterteil der Siebbeinlabyrinthe, an welchem sich die farbspeichernden Zellen bis zu seinem hinteren Ende befinden. Am Rachen und Kehlkopf der Katze kommen die farbspeichernden Zellen dichter vor als bei der Maus, dagegen an der Luftröhre etwas lockerer. Die farbspeichernden Zellen sind bei der Katze durchschnittlich etwas kleiner als bei der Maus.
5. Die elastischen Fasern unter dem Epithel der Luftröhre werden bei der Katze durch das intravenös eingeführte Trypanblau zusammen mit ihren Grundsubstanz in bedeutendem Masse angefärbt.

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