The localization and distribution of β-Glucuronidase, β-Galactosidase and β-Glucosidase were observed in connection with the previous studies on succinic dehydrogenase, esterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase in the normal salivary glands of experimental animals, such as mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit and dog. After the cold formalin fixation, the frozen and fresh sections about 10μ thick were prepared in the -20°C cryostat. The following substrate solutions were used: 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-Glucuronide for β-Glucuronidase, 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-Galactopyranoside for β-Galactosidase, and 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-Glucoside for β-Glucosidase. Results of the histochemical demonstration of these enzymatic activities were as follows:
1. The localization and distribution of β-Glucuronidase, β-Galactosidase and β-Glucosidase are more or less the same.
2. Generally, the intense of these enzymatic activities are more strongly in the intralobular ducts than in the acinar cells.
3. The submaxillary glands: As a rule, a moderate positive reaction come out for these three enzymes appearing diffusely in the cytoplasms of the duct and acinar cells which containe sometimes small positive granules.
4. The sublingual glands: The enzymatic reactions in the sublingual gland appear not more strongly than in the submaxillary gland. The enzymes are in a high concentration in the basal portion of acinar cells. A marked reaction is seen in duct cells which containe many small positive granules.
5. The parotid glands: The localization and distribution of the enzymes in this gland resembles something to that of the submaxillary gland, and the enzymatic reactions are weaker than in the sublingual gland.

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The results obtained in this investigation are summarized as follows.
1. The lipids are found abundantly in the ova of sows and dogs, moderately in those of cows, sheep and goats, and slightly in those of rabbits, rats, mice and hamsters.
2. These lipids are mainly composed of phospholipids and neutral fats; these are abundant in the ova of sows and dogs, and a little less in those of cows, sheep and goats. No cerebrosides, fatty acids, cholesterols are found in the ova of the animals used. The ketosteroids are found slightly in the ova of sows and dogs, but not in those of others.
3. In the corpora lutea and interstitial glands are found the phospholipids, neutral fats, fatty acids, cholesterols and ketosteroids.

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Bei den 6, 10, 14 und 18 Tage alten Hühnerembryonen sowie 2, 5, 10, 22, 30, 46, 65, 95 96 und 120 Tage alten Hühnchen wurden die Lebern histogenetisch und cytologisch studiert, dabei wurde besondere Beachtung auf die Entwicklung der Fettspeicherungszellen (ITO) der Sinusoidwand angestellt. Für die Fixierung wurden vorwiegend LEVIsches Osmiumgemisch und ZENKER-Formol benutzt, die hergestellten Paraffinschnitte wurden mit Azan, Eisenhämatoxylin nach HEIDENHAIN und Hamätoxylin Ecsin gefärbt. Für den Glykogennachweis wurde die Perjodsäure-SCHIFFsche Reaktion (PAS) und für die Darstellung der Gitterfaser außer der Azanfärbung die GOMORIsche Silberimprägnationsmethode angewandt.
Die Histogenese des Lebergewebes stimmt bei den Hühnerembryonen im großen und ganzen mit der bei den Säugern überein: die dicken Leberzellenstränge bilden am 6. Bruttage ein unregelmäßiges weitmasehiges Netzwerk, so stellt das Lebergewebe als ganzes eine spongiöse Struktur dar, die weiten Netzmaschen sind von Sinusoiden eingenommen, vom 10. Bruttage an weist das Lebergewebe aber eine dichte Struktur auf, da die Leberzellenstränge fortwährend wuchern, so daß die Sinusoide sehr eng werden. Im dicht gebauten Lebergewebe treten aber hier und da dünnwandige Blutgefäße verstreut auf, von denen einige den Vv. centrales und andere den Zweigen der V. portae entsprechen; die letzteren sind schon am 10. Tage der Brütung von minimaler Menge des Bindegewebes (GLISSONsche Scheide) umgehüllt. Am Endstadium der Brütung ist das Lebergewebe histologisch nahezu vollkommen ausgebildet, aber eine von der V. centralis ausgehende radiäre Anordnung der Leberzellenstränge wird sogar bei den 120 Tage alten jungen Hühnchen im Gegensatz zu den Säugern nicht bestätigt und die sichere Unterscheidung der einzelnen Leberläppchen ist kaum möglich.
Bei den Hühnerembryonen und den jungen Hühnchen stimmen die Leberzellenstränge in ihrer Struktur mit den Endstücken der gewöhnlichen tubulösen Drüsen überein, so sind viele Leberzellen um eine Gallenkapillare herum, die einem Drüsenlumen enspricht, radiär angeordnet; die gewöhnliche Zahl der eine Gallenkapillare umgebenden Leberzellen beträgt im früheren Brutstadium etwa 10 und nach der Ausbrütung etwa 4-6. Der Apikalteil der einzelnen Leberzellen ist der Gallenkapillare zugewandt und die Basalfläche, die von Gitterfasern und Endothel bekleidet ist, bildet die Sinusoidwand. Die Leberzellkerne liegen stets exzentrisch im Basalteil der Leberzellen. Am 14. Tage der Brütung lassen sich Zeichen des Eintritts der Gallensekretion der Leberzellen bemerken. Bei den Hühnerembryonen kommen an der Grenze zwischen dem Bindegewebe der GLISSONschen Scheide und dem Leberparenchym Bilder der Gallengangbildung aus Leberzellensträngen vor, dies wird aber nach der Ausbrütung nicht mehr wahrgenommen.
Am Ende der Brütung treten viele, verschieden große Vakuolen in Leberzellen auf und füllen das Cytoplasma aus, so daß die Leberzellen sich vergrößern; diese Vakuolen entsprechen hochstwahrscheinlich den aufgelösten Cholesterintropfen. Die Cholesterinvakuolen nehmen am 5. Tage nach der Ausbrütung an Menge ab und verschwinden am 22. Tage nahezu vollkommen. Vorwiegend kleine Vakuolen, welche zuerst am 2. Tage nach der Ausbrütung, also etwas später als bei den Leberzellen in Sternzellen vorkommen, sind ebenso Cholesterinvakuolen, sie nehmen am 5.-10. Tage an Menge deutlich zu und füllen das Cytoplasma fast aller Sternzellen aus. Der Schwund der Cholesterinvakuolen von den Sternzellen kommt am 30. Tage nach der Ausbrütung zutage.

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The urethra of mole may be divided by its local fine structure into the proximal pars membranacea, the middle pars muscularis and the distal pars cavernosa urethrae running through the penis. The epithelium in the two former parts is a stratififd cylindrical epithelium and in the last a stratified flat epithelium.
The corpora cavernosa penis run separate courses down to the distalmost end of the glans penis. The glans penis and the inner plate of the praeputium are covered by a common epithelium as in the fetal stage only of man and some other mammals. This common epithelium is very thin in construction in the proximal half of the glans, the papillae formed out of the propria into it being sparse and meagre, but in the distal half, the epithelium is thick and the papillae are well developed, so that the latter part is naturally rich in sensory fibres.
The outer genitals of mole is not at all so well provided with sensory fibres as those of man and some higher mammals. The sensory terminations here are very simple in form and no genital nerve body such as frequently observed in man and some other mammals or even a PACINIan body could be found in the mole's genitals.
A rather large number of sensory fibres originating in the n. perinealis are found coming into the partes membranacea and muscularis urethrae, but in the pars cavernosa urethrae in the penis body the sensory fibres from the n. dorsalis penis are very limited in number. In the urethra of the distal half of the glans penis the number of sensory fibres rises again.
In the pars membracea urethrae is found proprial plexus in formation, of which the sensory fibres end either subepithelially or intraepithelially in unbranched and simple branched terminations. Their terminal fibres often show marked change in size during their looped courses. No mentionworthy proprial plexus is formed in the pars muscularia urethae. In this propria mucosae, however, we find sensory terminations similar to those in the pars membranacea.
Sensory terminations of somewhat uncommon form are found in a small number in the tunica albuginea around the corpora cavernosa penis in the penis body. These are simple branched terminations comprising a few fine terminal fibres but containing a comparatively large number of specific cell nuclei. The propria mucosae of the urethra of this part also contains a small number of sensory fibres which end in subepithelial simple branched terminations; their terminal fibres not rarely enther the epithelium.
A small part of the nerve bundles from the n. dorsalis penis go into the inner plate of the praeputium but the majority run toward the glans penis and spread out sensory fibres into the distal half. In the glans penis, especially in the urethra of its distal part, a rather large number of sensory terminations were discovered. Their terminal mode is very simple, the fibres ending subepithelially in unbranched and at most in very simple branched terminations. Some of the terminal fibres run into the epithelium.
In the glans side of the distal half of the common epithelium between the glans penis and the praeputium are found a large number of sensory fibres in distribution than in the preputial side. In comparison with the case of flying-squirrel, another animal having such a common epithelium retained post-natally, the terminations of these fibres are incomparably simpler in construction in mole, consisting in mere unbranched and simple branched terminations. Intraepithelial fibres not detected in the common epithelium of male flying-spuirrel, however, were often discovered in that of male mole.
Similar unbranched and simple branched terminations are found in a smaller number beneath the common epithelium of the inner plate of the praeputium than in its glans side, especially, in its distal half, the terminal fibres sometimes entering the epithelium here too.

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The bronchial plexus found in the bronchial branches of hedgehog is far poorer in development than those in dog and goat and the nerve bundles run periadventitially, accompanying small ganglia frequently along their courses. The ganglion cells in them are provided with only indistinct nerve processes and barely show their multipolarity. The nerve bundles, interestingly enough, contain a larger relative number of thick sensory fibres than in goat and dog. These sensory fibres end in various types of terminations.
In the first place, I must mention the sensory terminations Type I concerned with the blood-pressure falling reflex found in a rather large number in the well-developed muscularis of the large and medium-sized bronchial branches. In hedgehog, these are in the form of unbranched and simple branched terminations formed by thick terminal fibres showing frequent and conspicuous change in size but devoid of such neurofibrillar leaves as found in such terminations in man. Sometimes, these terminations are of large complex branched type.
Subepithelial and intraepithelial sensory terminations are found in the bronchial branches of hedgehog as in those of man, Formosan macaque, dog, goat and bat, but in different construction and distribution density from those in the other animals. Very few of these terminations are found within the epithelium of the small-sized bronchial branches only, the greatest majority of them consisting of unbranched and simple branched terminations formed beneath the epithelium. The terminal fibres of these terminations are large or medium in size and show conspicuous change in size during their winding courses and usually end just beneath the epithelium in sharp or blunt points. Such subepithelial terminations are found only sporadically in the large- and the medium-sized bronchial branches but more abundantly and somewhat more complex in form in the small-sized branches. Some very simple glomerular terminations were also discovered.
Some of the sensory terminations are formed by exceptionally stout fibres, chiefly in the adventitia or beneath the epithelium of some small-sized bronchial branches only. In such terminations, a thick stem fibre after losing its myelin sheath further thickens into an enormously thick fibre which shows conspicuous change in size, and often divides into 2 or 3 terminal fibres which end either sharply or bluntly.
Subepithelial sensory fibres are not rare either in the bronchioli, but these are simpler in construction than those in the small-sized bronchial branches above, being limited to the simplest types of unbranched and simple branched terminations. Intraepithelial sensory fibres are also not rarely found here.
Very simply formed sensory terminations are found sporadically around the alveolar ducts and the alveolar sacs that is in the interalveolar connective tissue as in bat and goat.
A rather large number of sensory fibres are found running into the pleura visceralis of hedgehog. They terminate in unbranched and simple branched terminations formed of thick terminal fibres, which show frequent change in size and end sharply beneath the epithelium. Terminations formed of very thick fibres are not rare either in the pleura.
Small groups of smooth muscle fibres are sporadically found in the visceral pleura and sensory fibres are very often found running through or around them. These formations may possibly represent so many special receptors of some kind of stimuli.

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The serous cells in the basal portion of the intestinal glands, viz. PANETH cells, were classified into two types, A. cells with granules and B. cells with vacuoles, and the former type was again sub-divided into three, 1. cells with gross granules, 2. cells with small granules and 3. cells with micro-granules. The distribution of the cells belonging to these types was tabulated on a percentage basis counting 15 cells per one intestinal gland, and the secretory activity of PANETH cells was studied experimentally. The small intestines, on the other hand, were divided into four regions, the duodenum, the superior region (6-7cm from the pylorus), the median region and the inferior region (5-6cm superior side from the ostium ileocaecale).
The findings obtained are as follows.
1. The secretory activity of PANETH cells does not differ according to the different region of the small intestines.
2. In normal rats, cells with granules and cells with vacuoles increase copiously at periods of 1/2, 1, 11/2, 2hrs. after administration of the diet, and decrease remarkably pro tempore 3hrs. after the diet. The vigorous production of secretory substance and then the vigorous discharge of it can be seen in PANETH cells during 3hrs. after the diet.
3. In case of the injection of sesame oil into the stomach after the ligation of the pylorus, the remarkable production of secretory substance can be seen in PANETH cells regardless of the region of the small intestines, however the discharge of the substance from the cells is almost negligible.
4. The subcutaneous injection of histamine⋅2HCl (0.3% 1cc) causes in PANETH cells of normal rats a remarkably similar secretory activity to that obtained by the injection of sesame oil into the stomach after the ligation of the pylorus.
5. The injection of histamine⋅2HCl (10% 1cc) into the stomach causes in PANETH cells of normal rats a remarkably similar production of secretory substance to that obtained by the subcutaneous injection of histamine and considerable discharge of it from the cells.
As a result of these findings, it may be assumed that the secretory activity of PANETH cells, especially production of secretory substance in the cells, is initiated without regard to the region of the small intestines and to the carrying of the diet into the small intestines, and that this secretory activity seems to be caused by a humoral stimulant from the stomach, viz. the histamine-like gastric hormone productin of FUJIE.

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1. Foetal adrenal cortices of mice showed a striking sex-difference, marked aging-variety and some individual-difference in respective postnatal development (3rd-35th day after birth).
2. In the 3rd postnatal day of both female and male mice, the abundant immature cells forming a germ of adult adrenal cortex occurred in the capsule or at its underlying area. They are presumably ensued from the fibroblasts. In advancing days, these immature cells were gradually differentiated and multiplied toward the medulla in bringing pressure on atrophic foetal cortices.
3. An apparent boundary zone was not present between the innermost cortex and medulla in the 3rd day, but the foetal cells invaded the interlobular tissues of medulla, where were present a mass of atrophic and degenerating cells and the hyperamic sinusoids.
4. In both sexes the parallel chang wase demonstrated between the involution of foetal cortex and the neoformation of adult cortex from 6th to the the 9th day; the latter may bring presure on the former to transmigrate inward. However after the 9th day the sex-differences appeared: In males, as the adult cortex rapidly grew on, the foetal cortex fell into an involulion, which was concrete in the 30th day, followed by the proliferetion of connective tissue enclosing the medulla. While in females, the development of adult cortex was slack and foetal one thichened co-existed with the former in the 20th day.
5. In the 25th-30th day, foetal cortex was hypertrophic, whose constituent cells were arranged fascicularly, probably involving in the independent functional significance. The cytoplasm of these cells was pale and enlarged, containing a few fat granules, but abundant mitochondria. Thus both kinds of foetal and adult cortices were capable to be distinguished from one another at the remarks on the cell distribution and their internal structures. So far as the postnatal days of the animals are concerned (up to 35th day), the foetal cortex did not completely disappear in females. From above observation we came to a conclusion that X-Zone is nothing but vestiges of foetal cortex, and sholud be correctly different from the reticular zone of adult cortex.

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A considerable number of intraproprial and intraepithelial sensory termnations were found in the peripheral parts of the trigonum vesicae and in the vicinity of the orificium urethrae internum of the human urinary bladder.
The intraproprial terminations comprise branched terminations and corpuscular ones, the former again are classifibale into those formed of fine terminal fibres and those of thick terminal fibres, while the latter comprise capsulated and uncapsulated genital nerve bodies Type I and Type II.
The branched terminations composed of fine terminal fibres are usually of simple type and are formed of thin fibres running little winding courses and showing little change in size and end widely spread out in not only the superficial but also the deeper layers of the propria.
The branched terminations composed of thick terminal fibres originate in thick sensory fibres and comprise three subtypes as follows. The terminations Type I are subepithelial branched ones, sometimes of very complex plexus-like form, composed of thick terminal fibres showing conspicuous change in size during their complex looped courses. The Type II of these terminations is represented by terminations composed of sensory fibres showing little change in size during typical wavy courses and a few thick terminal fibres sent out from them, found spread out over a wide area in the propria. The terminations of Type III are of simple branched type, but are characterized by the round or oval neurofibrillar expansions of considerable size found on some of the terminal fibres.
The corpuscular terminations formed subepithelially comprise ccapsulated and uncapsulated ones, both of which belong to the small-sized genital nerve bodies Type I or Type II. The genital bodies Type I show glomerular arrangement of the terminal fibres in their inner bulb, while those of Type II have branched terminations formed of comparatively few terminal fibres therein. Among the capsulated end bodies Type II some of compound type were often found, formed of several of such bodies aggregated at one place. In such compound bodies, a part of the connective tissue capsule pressed between the densely packed individual component bodies is forced out of exsitence.
The uncapsulated genital nerve bodies are generally smaller in size than the capsulated ones and are sometimes very small indeed. These also contain branched or glomerular terminations of sensory fibres in their dark-staining inner bulb. That is, these small end bodies also comprise genital nerve bodies Type I and Type II. Very frequently, two such uncapsulated end bodies are formed by the same stem fibre and often fine intraepithelial fibres are sent out from some genital bodies of this type.
Intraepithelial sensory terminations are found in the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder in a considerable number. These are not formed only of fine and medium-sized branch fibres, as reported hitherto, but also of thick and thin branch fibres originated in thick stem fibres: even very complex plexiform and glomerular terminations formed of considerably thick fibres never found in any other part of the human body were not rare in this epithelium of the urinary bladder. These are rather interesting entities, when we consider their exclusive presence in the vesical epithelium and their highly probable free mobility.

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