The distribution of sensory nerve fibres derived from the fundamental bronchial plexus shows a considerable difference in cat and rabbit, proportionate to the difference in the histological structure of the bronchial branches in their lungs.
The bronchial walls have the propria mucosae, the submucosa provided with bronchial glands, bronchial cartilages and adventitia far better developed in cat than in rabbit, while the muscularis is comparatively well developed in the latter, too. There is no mentionable difference in the construction of the bronchioli respiratorii and alveolar ducts and sacs of the two animals.
In cat, comparatively well-developed fundamental plexus containing ganglia of sympathetic nature of varying sizes is found in the adventitia of the large bronchial branches. Submucosal plexus is also derived from this plexus. It needs not be reiterated that the nerve bundles of the fundamental plexus extend further into the adventitia of medium- and small-sized bronchial branches. The bronchial plexus contains a rather large number of medullated thick sensory fibres, besides many fine vegetative fibres.
On the other hand, in rabbit, the nerve bundles of the fundamental plexus found in the very thin adventitia lining the muscularis of the bronchial branches are much finer and are found more sparsely scattered. The ganglia are also much smaller in number and size. But it should be noted that the nerve bundles contain quite a number of thick sensory fibres.
In the bronchial branches of cat, while the muscularis is only poorly developed, the propria mucosae is well developed. Perhaps owing to this one-sided development, while, in the muscularis, no such formations reminding of the sensory terminations Type I concerned with the blood pressurefalling reflex originating in very thick sensory fibres as found in the lungs of man and some other mammals could be detected, only a very few simple branched terminations being found formed by finer sensory fibres, in the well-developed propria mucosae, branched terminations originated in sensory fibres of variable sizes were frequently found, and often intraepithelial-fibres in the bronchial epithelium and in the gland ducts were formed by their terminal fibres. It may be mentioned with interest that such intraepithelial fibres were found particularly abundunt in the small-sized bronchial branches.
In rabbit, the propria mucosae of the bronchial branches is very poorly developed, and unbranched and simple branched terminations of thick sensory fibres were found rather more frequent in the better-developed muscularis. Intraepithelial fibres were not rare here, either.
In cat, only a very few of the sensory fibres end in the bronchioli respiratorii, but almost all the rather thick sensory fibres running thus far go farther into the alveolar ducts and sacs to end in unbranched or simple branched terminations therein. Some of these, however, run still farther into the pleura visceralis forming similar terminations in it.
In rabbit, a rather large number of simple branched terminations originated in thick sensory fibres could be found, with the terminal fibres ending in the muscularis or in the epithelium of the bronchioli respiratorii, but none was found to end in the interalveolar septa. But interestingly enough, unbranched and simple branched terminations were often located in the pleura visceralis of rabbit, too.

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The urogenital organs examined in our study of rabbit were found to show rather widely different constructions from those in man and other mammals examined in the past. The ductus deferentes of both sides run side by side down to the basal part of the urinary bladder, next along the dorsal side of the urethra, swell out into the ampullae and finally open out into the distal part of the sac-like single seminal vesicle found on the dorsal side of the ampullae. The distal end of the seminal vesicle runs a little further distalwards, before opening out into the urethra. The prostata is situated further dorsal to the seminal vesicle and its distal portion extends farther so the vicinity of the COWPER's glands. The ampullae of the ductus deferentes, the seminal vesicle, the prostata and the COWPER's glands were found to show a rather peculiar histology.
If the sinus urogenitalis adjoining the distal end of the urethra in the strict sense may be included under the name of urethra, the urethra in this wider sense of rabbit consists of the following 4 parts: 1) The proximalmalmost part down to the orifice of the seminal vesicle into the urethra (pars ampullovesicalis urethrae, as we wish to call it); 2) The next proximal part accompanied only by the prostate gland (the pars prostatica nrethra); 3) The distal part accompanied by the COWPER's glands and the m. urethralis (the pars muscularis urethrae) and 4) The distalmost part running through the penis body (the pars cavernosa urethrae). The denomination of the“pars cavernosa”, however, is particularly well befitting only to the urethral portion running through the radical part of the penis body, for in this part alone typical cavernous plexus is in notably good development, the more distal parts of the penis body containing only some veins of considerable diameter instead of such a plexus.
The urethra is rich in mucous folds and is lined by a transitional epithelium in the proximal part, but in other parts, the epithelium is engerally of a two-rowed cylindrical type; in the foremost part of the urethra with dilated lumen, corresponding to the fossa navicularis, the epithelium is a stratified flat epithelium, which passes over into the thin stratified flat epithelium of mucous nature covering the glans penis. The propria of the urethra is in most parts rather thick and contains a large number of fine longitudinal smooth muscle bundles. The corpus cavernosum penis resembles rather that of man in construction, but as in some other mammals, its tip protrudes into the glans penis.

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Histochemical demonstration and colorimetric determination of β-glucuronidase activities have been reported by SELIGMAN, TSOU, RUTENBURG and COHEN (1954) using 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-glucuronide as the substrate, and COHEN, TSOU, RUTENBURG and SELIGMAN distributed histochemically β-D-galactosidase by employing of 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-galactopyranoside as the substrate, and also a colorimetric determination of β-glucosidase was introduced by COHEN, RUTIENBURG, TSOU, WOODBUTY and SELIGMAN (1952) in ultilizing as the substrate 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. In these post incubation coupling azo-dye methods for three kinds of β-glycosidase was employed tetrazotized diorthoanisidin as the dye coupler. On the other hand, the histochemical and biochemical determination of β-glucuronidase have been established by FRIDENWALD and BACKER (1948), and recently, 8-hydroxyquinolin glucosiduronic acid as the biological synthetic substrate by FISHMAN and BAKER (1956). The present report notes the localization of β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase activities in rhoden organs, in accordance with post coupling method by SELIGMAN and his co-workers.
The experimental animals such as normal mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit were used for the histochemical study. Fresh sections of about 15μ thick ness were cut by sliding microtome in the -20°C cryostat according to the COON's modification of the LINDERSTRÖM-LANG technique and fresh preparats were dried in room temperature for 30 minutes, fixed briefly in cold 10% neutral formalin for the minutes, rinsed by distilled water, and incubated at 37°C for six hours in each substrate solution. After incubation, the sections were rinsed in tap water and transferred to 4°C solution of 0.02M phosphate buffer at pH 7.5per 1mg of diazo blue B for 5 minutes. The portions which showed the enzymatic activities of β-glycosidase were stained rapidly in color of blue or bluish purple. The results of the hitochemical demonstration of these enzymes in Table 1 may be summarized as follows.
1. The localization of β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase andβ-glucosidase activities in certain tissues and organs in mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit are almost the same effects except the digestive tubes.
2. In the epithelium of digestive organs such as stomach, duodenum, small intestinum and colon relative intense reactions of β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase are observed, whereas the activity of β-galactosidase is slight.
3. No organ of the respiratory system shows a intense reaction of these enzymes.
4. In the cortex of the kidney of the rodents were observed a similar localization of stricking enzymatic activities. The reaction of the enzymes is most intense in the cortex of the kidney, while in the outer zone of the medulla much weaker.
5. In the genital organs, there are remarkable difference between the very slight or negative reactions of glycosidase in mouse and guinea-pig, and the stricking and significant reactions of the enzyme in rat and rabbit. The localization and distribution of this enzyme were noted as equal in the uterus, FALLOPIan tube and ovary on the rat and rabbit.

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The rhodents, such as mice, rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits, both males and females, were used, and tissues of various organs as shown in Fig. 1 were examined, namely of squamous epithelium of oral mucosa, tongue, oesophagus, salaivary gand, stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas, trachea, lung, heart, spleen, kidney, testis, epididymis, uterus, FALLOPIan tube, ovary, thyroid gland and adrenal gland. Fresh tissues were cut into 10 to 20μ sections in the cryostat at- 20°C in accordance with COO's modification of LINDERSTRÖM-LANG technique. The fresh frozen sections were dried in room temperature for 20 to 30 minutes and fixed in buffered 10% formalin for 10 minutes and rinsed briefly in distilled water. Both histochemical techniques were utilized which were used by BURSTONE & FOLK and NACHLAS, CRAWFORD & SELIGMAN. According to the BURSTONE-FOLK's azo coupling method (1950) specimens were incubated with hydrochloride of L-leucyl-β-naphthyl amine resp. DL-alanyl-β-naphthylamine as the substrate. When the diazotized o-aminoazotoluene (Garnet GBC) as the dye coupler was employed the specimens gained desirable result, but diazotized p-nitro-o-anisidin (Diazo red B) or p-nitro-p-amino-2, 5-dimethoxy-diphehylamide (Black salt K) were able to be used instead of Garnet GBC. While in these experiment the incubated solution was the mixed substrate of 1% stocke substrate solution, 40ml of distilled water, 10ml of 0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and 30mg of Diazo blue B. The specimens were incubated for an hour at room temperature. Furthermore the method of NACHLAS et al. was applied. The sections were incubated at 37°C for an hour, and then rinsed in distilled water and chelated in 0.1M cupper sulfate.
Histochemical demonstration of aminopeptidase in rhodent organs was performed in employing both methods.
1. The histochemical reactions of aminopeptidase in both methods of BURSTONE & FOLK (1956) and NACHLAS, CRAWFORD & SELIGMAN (1957) surveyed the similar localization.
2. The aminopeptidase activity of various tissues of guinea-pig was more intensive than that of mouse, rat and rabbit.
3. High activities of aminopeptidase were observed in the kindney and intestine of all animals as well as in the submaxillary gland and prancreas of mouse and in the submaxillary gland of rabbit.
4. Inhibiting effects of several substances on the enzyme activity are shown in Fig. 2. A complete inhibiting took place in 0.001M Fe (SO₄)₃, and a moderate one in 0.001M CuSO₄. A complete inhibition was also observed in 0.01M Ba (OH)₂ and a moderate one in 0.01M CuSO₄, Pb (NO₃)₂ and AL₂(SO₄)₃.

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In order to prevent some loss of a specimen over-flown out of an ordinary pycnometer, it is nessessary to collect the specimen at the bottom of pycnometer. To solve this restriction, a pycnometer was constructed as a type of tube as possible to centifuge (Fig. 1).
When the volume of specimen is estimated from another measurement such as hematocrit method or micrometry in the unit volume of a specimen suspension, the specific gravity of the specimen is able to calculate from the formula (2). Blood cells and isolated nuclei were used for this example (Table 2 and 3).
The value obtained from the formula (2) indicates an approximate specific gravity of the specimen in the aqueous state. Further, as an extent of the state of specimen, the formula (5) for the dry specimen was induced from the formula (2). The value of the dry-material calculated from the formula (5) indicates an approximate specific gravity of the specimen in the non-aqueous state. The value of isolated nuclei, as an example of the formula (5), was well agreed with that of nuclei reported by ALLFREY et al.

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Sensory terminations are formed in the propria mucosae and the epithelium in the basal part of the bladder of rabbit, as in man and in all the other mammals examined hitherto. But in rabbit, they are small in number and consist only in simple branched or unbranched terminations.
In the urethra of male rabbit are found a rather large number of sensory terminations, as follows.
In the proximalmost area of the pars ampullovesicalis urethrae, branched terminations originating in medium- or large-sized sensory fibres are found in the propria rich in longitudinal smooth muscle fibres and the mostly transitional epithelium. Their terminal fibres are often very thick and show frequent change in size, and mostly run irregular winding courses common to such fibres.
In the next pars prostatica urethrae are found a somewhat larger number of sensory terminations than in the preceding, but their form is still of the simple branched type mostly ending in the inner layer of the propria, no corpuscular terminations being found here either. Often enough the terminal fibres end intraepithelially. Branched terminations are not rare in the outer layer of the propria rich in longitudinal smooth-muscle fibres, either. The thrminations found in this part nearly resemble those in the foregoing part in type.
In the pars muscularis urethrae of rabbit, the m. urethralis being devoid of the inner circular smooth muscle layer, no such very peculiar-shaped complex branched terminations as found in that layer of cat and dog could be detected. Neither could be found the genital nerve bodies discovered in the m. urethralis of goat. The sensory fibres run through the outer layer rich in longitudinal smooth muscle fibres of the propria into the inner layer of the propria composed of loose connective tissue, and end always in unbranched or branched terminations formed subepithelially or intraepithelially. They resemble those in the pars prostatica in construction, but the branched ones are generally somewhat more complex.
The sensory fibres from the nn. dorsales penis distributed in the wall of the proximal half of the pars cavernosa urethrae surrounded by the very well-developed cavernous plexus are much more numerous in rabbit than in cat, goat and mole, but never form corpuscular terminations as in dog, but end only in unbranched and simple branched terminations. The terminal fibres are thick, show frequent change in size and run, besides the usual winding courses, rather often glomerular courses, before spreading out to end subepithelially and intraepithelially.
A considerable number of sensory fibres are found in the distal half of the pars cavernosa nurethrae, but their terminations are still simpler than in the proximal half above, particularly in the urethral wall running through the glans penis; only unbranched and simple branched terminations composed of medium- or small-sized terminal fibres, ending subepithelially or intraepithelially, are found here.
The sensory nerve supply of the prostata, the unpaired seminal vesicle, the paired ductus deferentes and their ampullae in rabbit shows a considerable difference from that in man and many other animals, owing to the peculiar relative positions and constractions of these organs in the former. No sensory terminations could be found in the parenchyma of the prostata, but some were found around the 4 main gland ducts, especially, in its distal area. The terminations, however, are merely of the unbranched and the simple branched types formed by large- and medium-sized stem fibres mostly beneath but not rarely in the epithelium.
Very few sensory fibres run into the ductus deferentes and their ampullae, but in the seminal vesicle, especially, in its distal area, are found a rather large number of sensory fibres ending in the muscularis, the propria and further up in the epithelium.

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As a part of the investigations on the effects of the X-ray irradiation on the digestive organs, its effects on the pancreas were studied. The X-ray was irradiated on the epigastrium or on the hypogastrium-thighs region of rats, a single dose being 500r and a daily dose being 100r for 5 days. The diet was given 1hr. after the irradiation. The pancreas was taken and observed histocytologically before and 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 6hrs. after the diet. The results obtained may be summarized as follows.
1. The production of the zymogen granules in the pancreatic cells is extremely curtailed regardless of the dose and the area irradiated.
2. The discharge of the zymogen granules from the pancreatic cells is lowered remarkably after the irradiation on the epigastrium. It is less lowered after the irradiation on the hypogastrium-thighs.
3. When the protective agents against the X-ray injuries are injected into the abdominal cavity prior to the X-ray irradiation, the secretory activity of the pancreatic cells remains almost unchanged. The protective effect of thioctic acid and 100mg/kg 5-oxy-anthranilic acid on the production of zymogen granules, and the effect of thioctic acid on the discharge of them are easily discernible.
4. Binucleate pancreatic cells increase after the irradiation. They increase 6-8.5 times in case of the irradiation on the epigastrium, 4 times in case of the hypogastrium-thighs region and 1.6-2.8 times in case of the injection of protective agents prior to the irradiation on the epigastrium. The number of binucleate cells decreases in proportion to the increase of the secretory activity of the pancreatic cells.

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The histological changes of adrenal glands of chicks at 1-6 hours after one time intramuscular injection of 0.5 i. u. insulin or 0.2mg adrenalin were observed.
1. In the domestic fowl, it is impossible to differentiate three zones of the adrenal cortex as in the mammal, because the cortical tissue is distributed throughout the gland in the form of irregularly arranged columns.
2. No stainable glycogen was observed in the adrenal cortex of the domestic fowl.
3. After injection of insulin, following changes were produced: increase in nuclear volume of the cortical cell (1-4 hours after injection), transitory decrease (1-2 hours) and following slight increase (4 hours) of sudanophilic substances, decrease of ascorbic acid in the cortical tissue (1-6 hours), transitory enlargement (1 hour) and following reduction (2-4 hours) in nuclear volume of the medullary cell and enlargement of the sinusoidal capillary lumen (1-4 hours).
4. After injection of adrenalin, following changes were produced: transitory reduction (1 hour) and following enlargement (4 hours) of the nuclear volume of the cortical cell, decrease of sudanophilic substances in the cortical tissue (1-6 hours), decrease of ascorbic acid (1-6 hours), decrease of ascorbic acid (1-6 hours), transitory reduction (1 hour) and following enlargement (2-6 hours) of the nuclear volume of the medullary cell and enlargement of the sinusoidal capillary lumen.
5. It was clarified that the adrenal gland of the domestic fowl which had been considered to be strongly resistant to the stress, showed clear reaction in the histological figure to one time injection of insulin or adrenalin.

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In the rabbit, myelinated nerve fibers having osmiophilic secretory granules are found in the infundibulum with the electron microscope. Their myelin sheaths are of about 100-300mμ in thickness. Some of these fibers are considered to be originated from the nerve cells in the supraoptic nucleus.

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