猫と兎の肺内気管支枝の構成に可なりの差異があるから, 両者の気管支基礎神経叢に由来する知覚線維の分布状態にも可なりの相違が認められる.
猫の気管支枝壁では兎のものに比すれば筋層を除き, 粘膜固有膜, 粘膜下膜, 軟骨片, 外膜等の発達が遙かに強力である. 反之兎では筋層のみは比較的良好な発達を示すが, その他のものは発達甚だ劣勢, 猫の場合には比す可くもなく, その構成は極めて弱々しい. 但し両動物の呼吸性細気管支, 肺胞道及び肺胞嚢には特記す可き構成上の差異は見られない.
猫の大径気管支枝の外膜内には著明な基礎神経叢が見られ, 之に附随して交感性の大小の神経節も所々に発見される. 又粘膜下膜内にはこの神経叢に由来する粘膜下膜神経叢の形成を見る. 基礎神経叢が更に中径及び小径気管支枝の周囲の気管支枝神経叢に移行することは云うまでもない. 以上の神経叢は多数の微細な植物神経線維とやや多くの太い有髄性の知覚線維とを含む.
反之兎の気管支枝に於ては筋層を包む甚だ狭い外膜内に見られる基礎神経叢の発達は甚だ劣勢, その神経束は猫に於けるよりも遙かに細く且つより疎らに発見される. 又神経節は数も極めて少く且つ甚だ小規模に構成される. 然しその神経束の中に比較的多くの太い知覚線維の含まれている事は注目に値する.
猫気管支枝に於ては筋層の発達は劣勢, 反之粘膜固有膜は良好に発達することにより, 筋層内には人や他動物の肺で見られる様な極めて太い知覚線維に由来する血庄下降反射に関する知覚終末II型に類似のものは殆んど見られず, 可なり細い知覚線維に由来する単純性分岐性終末が極く少量に発見されるに過ぎない. 然し粘膜固有膜内には種々な太さの知覚線維に由来する分岐性終末が屡々発見され, 而もその終末枝は気管支腺の腺管或は粘膜の上皮内に進んで上皮内線維に移行する事も屡々である. 尚この上皮内線維は小径気管支枝に特に多量に発見される事は興味深い.
兎の気管支枝に於ては粘膜固有膜の発達が極めて劣勢であるから, 筋膜内に大径知覚線維に由来する非分岐性及び単純性分岐性終末の形成を見る事が多い. 尚その終末枝には稀ならず上皮内に進んで上皮内線維に移行するものもある.
猫では細気管支に終る知覚線維は甚だ少く, この部に達した可なり太い知覚線維は肺胞道及び嚢の方に進み所謂肺胞間非分岐性及び単純性分岐性終末に終る. 然し更に胸膜の中に進んでその結合織内に同様な終末に終るものも稀ではない. 反之兎では細気管枝の筋層又は上皮内に太い知覚線維に由来する単純性分岐性終末を稍々多量に見るが, 肺胞間終末は殆んど見られない. 然し胸膜内には屡々非分岐性及び単純性分岐性終末が認められる.

抄録全体を表示

兎輸精管は左右相接して膀胱の基底部に進み, 次で尿道の背部に沿って両膨大部に移り, その先端はこの膨大部の背側に位する嚢状の無対の精嚢の遠位部に開口する. また精嚢の先端は尿道に開く. 前立腺は精嚢の更に背方に位し, その遠位部は Cowper 氏腺の近くまで伸びている. 尚輸精管膨大部, 精嚢, 前立腺, Cowper 氏腺等は夫々甚だ特有な構成を示す.
兎の広義に於ける尿道は次の4部に分けられる. 精嚢の尿道への開口部までの近位部を膨大精嚢部, 前立腺のみに取危かれる部を前立腺部, Cowper 氏腺と横紋筋性の尿道筋とに附随される部を尿道筋部, そして陰茎体の中を走る部を尿道海綿体部と名付けたい. この中の海綿体部の名は陰茎体の根部に於いて特に適合する. 何故ならここでは典型的尿道海綿体の形成を見るが, 陰茎体中央部から亀頭の先端部に至る迄はかかる海綿体の代りに数条の可成り太い静脈の走るを見るに過ぎないからである.
尿道は一般に粘膜ヒダに恵まれ, 上皮は近位部では移行上皮であるが, その他は概ね2列性円柱上皮, そして最先端部の舟状窩に相当して拡大した腔所有の部では重層扁平上皮で, これは亀頭の粘膜性の薄い重層扁平上皮に移行する. また尿道の固有膜は一般に巾広く, 中に甚だ多くの微細な縦走性平滑筋小束を含む. 陰茎海綿体の構成は他動物の場合よりも寧ろ人の場合に類似するが, その先端が亀頭先端部にまで突入する事は他動物に於けると異ならない.

抄録全体を表示

Histochemical demonstration and colorimetric determination of β-glucuronidase activities have been reported by SELIGMAN, TSOU, RUTENBURG and COHEN (1954) using 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-glucuronide as the substrate, and COHEN, TSOU, RUTENBURG and SELIGMAN distributed histochemically β-D-galactosidase by employing of 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-galactopyranoside as the substrate, and also a colorimetric determination of β-glucosidase was introduced by COHEN, RUTIENBURG, TSOU, WOODBUTY and SELIGMAN (1952) in ultilizing as the substrate 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. In these post incubation coupling azo-dye methods for three kinds of β-glycosidase was employed tetrazotized diorthoanisidin as the dye coupler. On the other hand, the histochemical and biochemical determination of β-glucuronidase have been established by FRIDENWALD and BACKER (1948), and recently, 8-hydroxyquinolin glucosiduronic acid as the biological synthetic substrate by FISHMAN and BAKER (1956). The present report notes the localization of β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase activities in rhoden organs, in accordance with post coupling method by SELIGMAN and his co-workers.
The experimental animals such as normal mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit were used for the histochemical study. Fresh sections of about 15μ thick ness were cut by sliding microtome in the -20°C cryostat according to the COON's modification of the LINDERSTRÖM-LANG technique and fresh preparats were dried in room temperature for 30 minutes, fixed briefly in cold 10% neutral formalin for the minutes, rinsed by distilled water, and incubated at 37°C for six hours in each substrate solution. After incubation, the sections were rinsed in tap water and transferred to 4°C solution of 0.02M phosphate buffer at pH 7.5per 1mg of diazo blue B for 5 minutes. The portions which showed the enzymatic activities of β-glycosidase were stained rapidly in color of blue or bluish purple. The results of the hitochemical demonstration of these enzymes in Table 1 may be summarized as follows.
1. The localization of β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase andβ-glucosidase activities in certain tissues and organs in mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit are almost the same effects except the digestive tubes.
2. In the epithelium of digestive organs such as stomach, duodenum, small intestinum and colon relative intense reactions of β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase are observed, whereas the activity of β-galactosidase is slight.
3. No organ of the respiratory system shows a intense reaction of these enzymes.
4. In the cortex of the kidney of the rodents were observed a similar localization of stricking enzymatic activities. The reaction of the enzymes is most intense in the cortex of the kidney, while in the outer zone of the medulla much weaker.
5. In the genital organs, there are remarkable difference between the very slight or negative reactions of glycosidase in mouse and guinea-pig, and the stricking and significant reactions of the enzyme in rat and rabbit. The localization and distribution of this enzyme were noted as equal in the uterus, FALLOPIan tube and ovary on the rat and rabbit.

抄録全体を表示

The rhodents, such as mice, rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits, both males and females, were used, and tissues of various organs as shown in Fig. 1 were examined, namely of squamous epithelium of oral mucosa, tongue, oesophagus, salaivary gand, stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas, trachea, lung, heart, spleen, kidney, testis, epididymis, uterus, FALLOPIan tube, ovary, thyroid gland and adrenal gland. Fresh tissues were cut into 10 to 20μ sections in the cryostat at- 20°C in accordance with COO's modification of LINDERSTRÖM-LANG technique. The fresh frozen sections were dried in room temperature for 20 to 30 minutes and fixed in buffered 10% formalin for 10 minutes and rinsed briefly in distilled water. Both histochemical techniques were utilized which were used by BURSTONE & FOLK and NACHLAS, CRAWFORD & SELIGMAN. According to the BURSTONE-FOLK's azo coupling method (1950) specimens were incubated with hydrochloride of L-leucyl-β-naphthyl amine resp. DL-alanyl-β-naphthylamine as the substrate. When the diazotized o-aminoazotoluene (Garnet GBC) as the dye coupler was employed the specimens gained desirable result, but diazotized p-nitro-o-anisidin (Diazo red B) or p-nitro-p-amino-2, 5-dimethoxy-diphehylamide (Black salt K) were able to be used instead of Garnet GBC. While in these experiment the incubated solution was the mixed substrate of 1% stocke substrate solution, 40ml of distilled water, 10ml of 0.2M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) and 30mg of Diazo blue B. The specimens were incubated for an hour at room temperature. Furthermore the method of NACHLAS et al. was applied. The sections were incubated at 37°C for an hour, and then rinsed in distilled water and chelated in 0.1M cupper sulfate.
Histochemical demonstration of aminopeptidase in rhodent organs was performed in employing both methods.
1. The histochemical reactions of aminopeptidase in both methods of BURSTONE & FOLK (1956) and NACHLAS, CRAWFORD & SELIGMAN (1957) surveyed the similar localization.
2. The aminopeptidase activity of various tissues of guinea-pig was more intensive than that of mouse, rat and rabbit.
3. High activities of aminopeptidase were observed in the kindney and intestine of all animals as well as in the submaxillary gland and prancreas of mouse and in the submaxillary gland of rabbit.
4. Inhibiting effects of several substances on the enzyme activity are shown in Fig. 2. A complete inhibiting took place in 0.001M Fe (SO₄)₃, and a moderate one in 0.001M CuSO₄. A complete inhibition was also observed in 0.01M Ba (OH)₂ and a moderate one in 0.01M CuSO₄, Pb (NO₃)₂ and AL₂(SO₄)₃.

抄録全体を表示

In order to prevent some loss of a specimen over-flown out of an ordinary pycnometer, it is nessessary to collect the specimen at the bottom of pycnometer. To solve this restriction, a pycnometer was constructed as a type of tube as possible to centifuge (Fig. 1).
When the volume of specimen is estimated from another measurement such as hematocrit method or micrometry in the unit volume of a specimen suspension, the specific gravity of the specimen is able to calculate from the formula (2). Blood cells and isolated nuclei were used for this example (Table 2 and 3).
The value obtained from the formula (2) indicates an approximate specific gravity of the specimen in the aqueous state. Further, as an extent of the state of specimen, the formula (5) for the dry specimen was induced from the formula (2). The value of the dry-material calculated from the formula (5) indicates an approximate specific gravity of the specimen in the non-aqueous state. The value of isolated nuclei, as an example of the formula (5), was well agreed with that of nuclei reported by ALLFREY et al.

抄録全体を表示

雄兎膀胱基底部の粘膜固有膜と上皮の中にも人及び2-3他動物に於けると同様知覚神経終末の形成を見る. 但しその量は少く且つ終末は非分岐性及び単純性分岐性終末で表わされるに過ぎない.
兎尿道には知覚終末はやや多量に発見される. 先ず尿道膨大精嚢部では中径及び大径知覚線維に由来する分岐性終末が縦走性平滑筋線維に富んだ固有膜, 更に上皮の中に形成される. 終末線維は太さの変化に富んだ太い線維から成り, 且つ特有な迂りを示す事が多い.
尿道前立腺部では前者に於けるよりもより多くの知覚終末が発見される. 然しここでも小体様終末は認められず, 終末は専ら単純性分岐型で表わされ, 多くは上皮下に又1部は上皮内に見出される. その他厚い固有膜の外層内にも稀ならず発見される. 終末枝の性状は膨大精嚢部に見られたものと略ぼ同じ.
尿道筋部では尿道筋に平滑性の内層を欠く為に犬や猫の場合の様な特殊分岐性終末は形成されず, また山羊尿道筋内に見られる陰部神経小体の如きも見られない. 知覚終末は尿道固有膜及び上皮内に非分岐性及び分岐性終末として表わされ, その構成は前立線部に於けると類似するが, 一般により複雑性を示す.
発達良好な海綿体で包囲される尿道海綿体部の近位部に分布する陰茎背神経からの知覚線維は猫, 山羊及びモグラの場合よりも多く, 然し犬に見られる様な小体様終末に終る事なく, 何れも非分岐性及び単純性分岐性終末に移行する. 終末線維は太さの変化に富んだ太い線維で表わされ, 不規則な迂り或は弱い糸球状走行を示す事が多く, その多くは上皮下又は上皮内に拡がる.
尿道海綿体部の遠位部にも知覚線維はかなり多いが, その終末様式は近位部に於けるよりも単純, 特に亀頭内で然りで, その多くは中径又は小径の終末枝で構成される非分岐性或は単純性分岐性終末から成り, 終末枝は上皮下に又稀ならず上皮内に終る.
兎の前立腺, 無対性精嚢, 有対性の輸精管とその膨大部に対する知覚線維の分布状態は之等器官の位置的及び構造的特異性に基き人や他動物の場合とかなりの差異を示す. 前立腺実質内には知覚線維は殆んど見られないが, 導管周囲には発見され, その終末は大径又は中径線維に由来する非分岐性及び単純性分岐性終末で表わされ, 多くは上皮下に, 又稀ならず上皮内に構成される.
輸精管膨大部には知覚線維の進入は甚だ少い. これに反して精嚢特に遠位部には知覚線維がかなり多く見られ, 筋膜, 固有膜更に上皮内に進んで終る. 終末は太い線維に由来するものが多く, 一般に太さの変化と不規則な迂りを示す分岐性終末で表わされる. Cowper 氏腺には知覚線維は発見されなかった.
陰茎海綿体は陰茎体から亀頭先端部に迄延びているが, その白膜周囲に見られる Pacini 氏小体は亀頭内に限られ, その数も甚だ少く僅少の層板と巾広い内棍とから成る小型のものである. 白膜にはやや多くの知覚線維が進入, その内外両層間に分岐性終末及び少量の陰部神経小体を作る. また内層内に深く入り込む分岐性終末も所々に発見される.
亀頭の粘膜下膜内には陰茎背神経からの多数の小神経束が見られ, その中の知覚線維は亀頭粘膜内に進み, 陰部神経小体II型と非分岐性及び分岐性終末とに終る. 前者は太い線維に由来する単純性分岐性終末を容れる小型のものであるが, 稀ならずやや大型のものも発見される. 後者は一般に中径又は小径の線維に由来し, 終末枝は固有膜内に尖鋭状に終る. そして上皮の中まで進むことはない.

抄録全体を表示

X線照射が消化系器官に及ぼす影響を検する研究の一部として膵に及ぼす影響を研究した. ラッテを用い500γを1回に, 及び1日100γを5日連続して上腹部並に下腹-大腿部に照射し, 照射後1時間を経て給食した. 而して給食直前から給食後6時間に亘って段階的に取材観察した. 得た結果は以下の如くである.
1. 膵細胞に於けるチモーゲン顆粒新生機能は照射量, 照射部位に関係なく著しく低下する.
2. チモーゲン顆粒放出機能は上腹部照射では甚だ低下するが, 下腹-大腿部照射では前者よりも活発である. 照射量との関係は見出し難い.
3. X線宿酔予防剤を照射前に注射しておくと, 膵細胞分泌機能はあまり著明には変化しない. チモーゲン顆粒新生機能障害の防止には thioctic acid 及び5-oxy-anthranilic acid が特に有効であり, チモーゲン顆粒放出機能障害の防止には thioctic acid が特に有効であると考えられる.
4. X線照射例では2核性膵細胞が増数する. 切片標本にて数えた結果では上腹部照射で正常の6-8.5倍, 下腹-大腿部照射で4倍, X線宿酔予防剤注射後上腹部照射で1.6-2.8倍で, 分泌機能的活動が正常に近づくに従って減少する傾向が見出される.

抄録全体を表示

The histological changes of adrenal glands of chicks at 1-6 hours after one time intramuscular injection of 0.5 i. u. insulin or 0.2mg adrenalin were observed.
1. In the domestic fowl, it is impossible to differentiate three zones of the adrenal cortex as in the mammal, because the cortical tissue is distributed throughout the gland in the form of irregularly arranged columns.
2. No stainable glycogen was observed in the adrenal cortex of the domestic fowl.
3. After injection of insulin, following changes were produced: increase in nuclear volume of the cortical cell (1-4 hours after injection), transitory decrease (1-2 hours) and following slight increase (4 hours) of sudanophilic substances, decrease of ascorbic acid in the cortical tissue (1-6 hours), transitory enlargement (1 hour) and following reduction (2-4 hours) in nuclear volume of the medullary cell and enlargement of the sinusoidal capillary lumen (1-4 hours).
4. After injection of adrenalin, following changes were produced: transitory reduction (1 hour) and following enlargement (4 hours) of the nuclear volume of the cortical cell, decrease of sudanophilic substances in the cortical tissue (1-6 hours), decrease of ascorbic acid (1-6 hours), decrease of ascorbic acid (1-6 hours), transitory reduction (1 hour) and following enlargement (2-6 hours) of the nuclear volume of the medullary cell and enlargement of the sinusoidal capillary lumen.
5. It was clarified that the adrenal gland of the domestic fowl which had been considered to be strongly resistant to the stress, showed clear reaction in the histological figure to one time injection of insulin or adrenalin.

抄録全体を表示

兎の視床下部下垂体系を電子顕微鏡で検索したところ, その全例の漏斗に於いて少数の有髄神経線維が無髄神経線維に混在しているのを認めた. 髄鞘の厚さは薄い (100-300mμ).
この神経線維も無髄線維と同じく直経100-200mμの osmium 好性の分泌顆粒を有する. 有髄神経線維の起源については視索上核の細胞に始まるものがあることは確実であるが, それ以外の核に由来するものがあるかどうかについては不明である.

抄録全体を表示